Chapter 11 Medical Emergencies Student Copy PDF

Chapter 11 Medical Emergencies  Morbidity – a diseased state, disability or poor health due to any cause Mortality – emergencies that may threaten a px’s life; causing death PREVENTION OF MEDICAL EMERGENCIES History and Physical Examination -knowledge of existing medical condition...

Chapter 11 Medical Emergencies  Morbidity – a diseased state, disability or poor health due to any cause Mortality – emergencies that may threaten a px’s life; causing death PREVENTION OF MEDICAL EMERGENCIES History and Physical Examination -knowledge of existing medical condition using patient’s charts/forms OXYGEN Primary emergency drug in the office Hypoxemia – causes morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients How to deliver OXYGEN? Facemask Positive-pressure ventilation (bag-valve- mask device) Mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask *only delivers 17% O2 DRUGS INDICATIONS Albuterol bronchospasm Aspirin Acute coronary syndrome or MI Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Allergic rxns Epinephrine Anaphylaxis Glucose Hypoglycemia Midazolam (Versed) Status Epilepticus Naloxone Reversal agent for narcotic overdose Nitroglycerine Chest pain Oxygen Hypoxemia/Respiratory distress Flumazenil Reversal agent for oversedation & respi. depression POSITION Unconscious px should be placed in supine position Minimize the heart’s workload Increase return of pooled blood of extremities Increase blood supply to the brain CIRCULATION Compression rate is 100-120 per minute Done in the lower half of the sternum, mid- nipple line CIRCULATION COMPRESSION DEPTH Adult – 2” – 2.4” Child – 2” Infant ( Dietary > Flouride Supplements > Flouridization Critical pH A pH below 5.5 ○ provides an environment for bacterial growth and decalcification of enamel  Repeated ingestion of greater amounts of fluoride can result in manifestations of chronic fluoride toxicity, the most common form which is dental flourosis Mottled Enamel: Occurs due to intake of fluoride- containing drinking water causing disturbance of ameloblasts during the formative stage Wide range of severity exists in the appearance of mottled teeth, characterized by white flecking or spotting of teeth MILD: white opaque areas involving tooth surfaces MODERATE AND SEVERE: show pitting and brownish staining of the tooth surface i.e: corroded appearance of teeth, may even cause wear or fracture of the enamel TREATMENT: Bleaching of the affected teeth with an agent such as hydrogen peroxide Procedure must be carried out periodically as the teeth continue to stain DIET Foods with a high percentage of CHO should be avoided, as well as foods that stick to the teeth and are slow to dissolve DIET Juices should not be introduced into the diet of infants before 6 months of age. Habitual and prolonged use of juices in the bottle can lead to ECC HOME CARE Anticipatory Guidance ○ is the term that describes a proactive developmentally based counseling system that focuses on the needs of a child at a particular stage of life. HOME CARE A sound dental preventive program includes many facets:  dietary management  optimal systemic flourides  ongoing plaque control HOME CARE A slightly moistened hand towel or gauze may be used to gently clean the pre-dentate mouth BOARD EXAM QUESTION: For infant oral care, cleaning the mouth with gauze after feedings and at bed time should be done during _____ months. a. 6 - 12 months b. 12 – 24 months c. 0 - 6 months d. 24 – 36 months