Infant Growth and Development Notes PDF

1/25/25, 11:17 AM Chapter 10.pdf Chapter 10.pdf Infant Growth and Developme nt Notes Biologic Development Overview Dramatic physical changes occur during infanc...

1/25/25, 11:17 AM Chapter 10.pdf Chapter 10.pdf Infant Growth and Developme nt Notes Biologic Development Overview Dramatic physical changes occur during infancy Rapid progression of body system maturation Developmental skills emerge in a specific sequence (head-to-toe, c enter-to-periphery) Proportional Changes Weight Development Rapid Growth Patterns: First 5 months: Gain 680g per month Birth weight doubles by 5 months Average 6-month weight: 7.26 kg Birth weight triples by 1 year (average 9.75 kg) Breastfed infants typically gain less weight than bottle-fed Height Development Growth Characteristics: First 6 months: 2.5 cm increase per month Second 6 months: 1.25 cm increase per month Sudden growth spurts rather than gradual progression Average heights: 6 months: 65 cm 12 months: 74 cm Birth length increases by almost 50% Head Growth Rapid Head Circumference Changes: Birth to 3 months: ~2 cm per month 4-6 months: ~1 cm per month 6-12 months: ~0.5 cm per month Average head sizes: 6 months: 43 cm 12 months: 46 cm about:blank 1/3 1/25/25, 11:17 AM Chapter 10.pdf Head size increases by 33% in first year Sensory Development Visual Changes Key Visual Milestones: Birth: Visual acuity 20/100 to 20/400 6 weeks: Binocular vision begins 4 months: Binocular vision established 7-9 months: Depth perception develops 6 months: Can distinguish facial expressions Hearing Development Hearing Progression: Birth: Responds to loud noises 8-12 weeks: Turns head toward sound 40-52 weeks: Understands several words Motor Development Fine Motor Skills Grasping Progression: 1 month: Hands mostly closed 3 months: Hands mostly open 5 months: Voluntary object grasping 8-9 months: Crude pincer grasp 10-11 months: Neat pincer grasp Gross Motor Skills Movement Milestones: 4-6 months: Arm coordination increases 5 months: Roll from abdomen to back 6 months: Roll from back to abdomen 7 months: Parachute reflex appears 8 months: Sit without support 9 months: Creeping on hands and knees 11 months: Walk while holding furniture Psychosocial Development (Erikso n's Theory) Trust vs. Mistrust Stage about:blank 2/3 1/25/25, 11:17 AM Chapter 10.pdf Key Developmental Concepts: Develops sense of trust in self, others, world Quality of parent-child relationship crucial Consistent care essential First 3-4 months: Food as primary social activity Tactile stimulation extremely important Immunologic System Changes Immune Development: Maternal IgG provides initial immunity Limited IgG production in first 6-12 months Increased infection risk during this period Gradual development of immunoglobulin types Physiological System Maturation Respiratory system adaptation Cardiovascular changes Digestive system development Endocrine system maturation Thermoregulation improvement Unique Infant Characteristics High proportion of extracellular fluid Increased susceptibility to dehydration Immature kidney function Developing immune responses Recommended Growth Monitoring Use World Health Organization growth charts Track weight, length, head circumference Consider individual genetic and environmental factors about:blank 3/3