Pharmaceutical Analysis Chapter 1, Unit 3 PDF

CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES PRECIPITATION A...

CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES PRECIPITATION A M TITRATION R CHAPTER-1 UNIT -3 A SYLLARUS: Precipitation H titvaion : Mohrs method, volhard's and P Modified Volhavd's method, faan's mehod , Estimatlon Of Sodium Choride. LL Introducion: E ThQSe se are titation in which chemcal reoction those W OccUrS whi ch results in_tho fortmathon of a coloured precipitate whlch is ((nsolublein solvent: E In this type of titaions, stapdard solution and substance reots and formed preci pitaee. R teoction.Precipitation is formotion cf solid mass (preipi take) th A a liquid. C NI) + AgNO, Sodium clorjda Silver Silver Sodivm Nittale chlortde ppt nittate Sodium chlo ride reac with silrer nitrak (precipi toting WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 1 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES agests) which-formed. the Silver chloride choride precipitatt also koown as qertometrle It is titrotion,becawsA A t involves the reachion of siluer (tq. M methods nVolves the formation of halides (r, ar) R O TYPEC OF PRECPITTION TTRATION: types - A tyee O Mohr's method Volhard's method and H modified Vol hard't method P ) faan's method LL O MOH R's METHOD E It s One of the importavt method of wa precipi tation titration and for the first tioe i t W deeloped by (Mohr) in 18S6. Mo Karl fiedrich E is USed as Indi otor Potassiu) chomok (k,GO4) R Princi ple : A This method InVolues tbe tittoaion of Siler nitaes 09ainst halides in neutral Solution C an Solution of potassium chomak indiobr The end oivt is marted by the apptaranca of brick. (red) colbUred prejpitae dus to fornation of Silver cWomate and silver cWodde. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 2 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES During titation, srecipekte tqNO + Nac + NaNO A At fnd poin, precipitatc M Aga' Goyt 2kN0; Silver chomake (red R Colored prcipitae A Procedure : H 12 qm of Na4 solution is dissolved in water then odd P 50 m of this solution into Volumtric fiosk. LL of 01 M potassjum chromnte indicator is odcled. Nqc E A burette is filled with taNO solution and initial W reading is notcd. During titrodion , haNoz teads with and form E Nacl Aqd (silves dioride) precipitat R + NOw, uwhen the chloride ion 0s2d,Alg NÓ3 Ract A ar with 50oy indicaar and forms AG0y precipikote Silves cuomat (red coloured) which indicotes end poin. C Calculation: N,U, =NV M,v, = MV V = Volum AgNO whe, Of sol (burette teadina) Usad. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 3 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES A Limitations. M Dot possible to USe titration in basic solution, other uicQ will produca Silver hydroxide R Not pOSSible to Use titration in thhe presex of A s ammona ions, and many anions (Po, ek..). H P LL.pharmacautical applications of Monrs matd: E Some of thne important dvug detemired by this W melthocd are - Sodium E cloride and dextrosa injection R homate ion - , deteminalion of A Used for chloride Bromide and thloyanat C WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 4 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES VOLHARD'S METHOD A qermen sientist Tacob this metod designed by Volnard in (1374. M This meihod is USed for tne estnation of siluer) by titating oqgainst a sfondard jocyanae solution in R the prQ senci of ferric salf as indicator. A Principle: typa of (Rack) tittoion. Sodium, H P In ttis method, firsty sier"coride is titrated aginst tgNO (Silver nübrole) - in eKcess amoynt. LL sol Then, ths AgN0 is ttaled against tjo uyohae reddich brou brouD Color). ilt end pojnt ( form E.Procodure: W firtty, he solstion of Sfatard 04 N AaNO?, 0. N Nau and 0-1 N ksN) will prepased. E fe?t) indicaor s prepared and purified nitie acid R acdic is also Prepared A Now, the eCOSS amOunt of AgNO is USed for the titration of Nacl Solution. Affr complak precipitaion C Silver chloride Agd 4), exOss amount ofAgNo3 oddad. AgNO3+ Nac Aq4)+ NaNo + Utacho Nouw, she ex cesS aMoUnt tittated potassium thiouyanate (KSCN) and also add gainst WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 5 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES fest aS Ivdicator..A standard solution of kSCN is addad A -from byrette to Solution of M AoNO, (silver salb) In thapresena of ksN Ditric acid ahd ferric indicator. R + AqNo kscN 0-) N A preciptae of silver H thio Cyanate (Aq sCN ) continves to be formd til t silver qet Complelely preipikation. P After this, t addtion f -forther drop of thibyanote ion to form a red colored feric thioya at LL teacs uwith feric Complex 3CNS fe (scN), E Thu opparanca of reddish brouun indjcales ne end poit. W OR fest + sCN o Pharmacoutical Applicalions : E Sou inpor tart drg determind by thic tÀ mnod is Aminophy lina, CNODphnotnan, thionamide , Sodium chloride injecion. c R A MODIIED HARO'S METHOD wetting aqerts addid, affer CHocform C Oddiion of Of aMout of eKcOSS silver ntrale becavce precipitae Of Aqd may bA Solubilizdinh solution during estimatien SO addition CAoroforrm willprevent Agcd. tu solubility of WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 6 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES FAJAN'S METHOD A This mthod irthoduced by fajan in 1923-24. Thls Mthod employs adsovption indicajor for delection M Of end point. R Principle : A this method is Is basd the adcorption indi cotor indi otor qet which osovbed t surfacs of precipiak which change the H color of precipuate and P marts hQ ed pont. Indiator flouresceln, Dichlovoflouresceln, fosin used ek.. LL Pro codure: E fircty, chioride ion s titated agoinst siluer nitale which forms the silver chorlde W precipuake O Nouw, exceSS Of Chloride tons qet qet adsorbad on the siver E choride pecipiate forming uniform layers. thus th primary adsor bad layt of clovide ins holds t secoNdary R adsorbed layer of Nat ions. A AgNO + Nacl C ) Now, afta the equivalena point tha silver cloride adsorbs excOss Of Ag* ions primary cdsorbad whjch furts adsorbad the (ndicator fluorescein( fi) loy, ions Seconday adkorbed layor. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 7 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES + - fhgfl (pink, cslo) t'. Due to this adsorption, complx formd A pinis color wih indicates the end point. M fluorscein Na indicoor R Na Na A H f Na c1Na CI" fi P Nat fi OBefore tnd point At tnd pojnt -pink colored LL conplek o USES Helps in E - Sfandardi soation Of Unknoun Nacl W dfandordizahon of AqNog Solution determination of COmplexes E © Appi cations of R Precipitatiòn itrations. rermoval Of solks from watr during watr teamut in A qualifatie inorqate onalycis. C in matallurgy. esfimotion of Various subcjunces. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 8 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES COMPLEXOMETRIC A M CHAPTER -2 UNIT-3 PAndly si R SYLLARUS! Classification, Metal lon Indicatos, Masking ord demasking A 0gents, Ectimahion of Magnesjum sulphoate and oldum H quconah. P Compleromethic titohion s 0 typ of titoton in ohjch the formaion H LL Of a coloured complex is Ued oto indicate the end point. IH ik paticubvl Used for t defeiinaion f E miure of Of diffeent tal Ons. In0 sdlution. W. Piniple : etal lons are ittated ith a In ths titafions, tho E aqonts (tiqands) chulating agerte or Complexing R EDTA. A \nvolves the tansforation of simple melal lons H ion Metal Ion indiabr uSed for C Into complex the determnaion of end poin by dhanging tu colot. It fs olso knon Cilometric titroion, chilaomdid aNd E0TA itrations. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 1 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES indicalor Metal ion Meta! Ton ioands Conplex A Tndicator (M2+),M + M o R These Complexing chilating agents which hae abilit to donoe electrons and bind with Mutal lons A. to produch COmplex on they H e P 0 Monodenate Unidestae hese ligands bod to mal ions at only af LL Ong placd or ond have doror otom. (M) e NH, taljde ionc ele. E Bidentale these ligands ote boynd to. matal ions W or two donor atom ot to place have e Ethylena diamèna E HHNt-C4-NH R liqards ake bund to D Multidentole ligods thesa Morethan ONL A place have moro thon one doror atom foo C EDTA (StotiN,o] M) EHhytene Diaminu Tetra cetie Acid in t torm of It is usd Disod jvm cDA. (woter soluble ) N-Hh-04-N H-CoDH WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 2 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES Classification of Complexomtric tiitation' H It s of fooeo typeA A O Divect Titotion M ) Rack (ndiroct Titation D) ReplaOment titation R (0) AlKalmetrle titation A 0 Divect titration :- It is similar to ocd- basu tittations. H whjch ttration of mutal Invdves the lon solution ogainst chlating agent till ehd peint. P ) BocR/ Indirect It is similor as volhard muhods, in whjch LL the eKOSS amount of EOTA Cliand ) Solution is Used for tno ttotion of matol ion solvtion, then tnis exCOSS fOTA s ttrated Is wjt). stardad solution E second mutal ion, W D Replremunt tittation In this, tu tal isn to be onauyzed is di splaca tu muta from E. fhu mital iqand Comple R Used whun, direct or indirect tittation do no end point. A qive haup C G Akdmetrie titrahen It lu Usad tot the detenjnation of anions wich do not teoct wjth ore EOTA chalate. Protohs (H) tom jsodium EOFA displacod by a heovy ay and tttrated wth Sodium alka WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 3 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES : Matal lon Indiojors hose are thoSQ thosQ indi caors iiators ohich ore Úsed in A Complexomotric titrotion M It is Used for t deermination of end point of Metal tnat !s ions, that's why as metal ion it is knOwn R indicator: These indicafarc shou difeuont- 22 CNors in diffeent A Conditionsns R. dì ferent in its free sfate and different H Color in its Complex stafe. Also as (pM) Indicatorc known P Mechanism of Ation LL , Let, M Mital on. T Indiator EbTA iganrd O , prepae setp for titration, fillsd burette firsty the E witn DTA and take mutal lon soluton in conal W flask Now add so afnoUut of ndicalor (T) (eq. Mordant black E Jnitially, Metal ion Inditor reocs th matal ions R and forms metal - Indicajor omlex and also sor Soma ons. 5 Red color (usin red) A eKcOSS of mal excoss ntal C mtal indi cator complea 9 Now, duying titation, iqands - teact with excQs mtal and form ufal ESA (omplex , Aftey thic EDTA (ligond) teoct with mto - indicator Complex and relace /remove indiator from this comlen, WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 4 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES and -form mata - eDTA Complexes. (5) Now, indicaoy whus COMeS ito its free stake, A shous oriqinal color (ie blue) whj dh indicates the end polnt. polnt. M MI + M + €DTA M-6DTA +I (Red) R (Metol len) (Lqond) CBlue) A Indicotor Used in compleromttie titation : H Mordant black, IL USad to aal detced Red to Eriocon blockT Ca, Ba, Mg,Zn, d, P SolochroMe blackT Blye Mn, Pb, Hq Blu to Yellou LL Methyl blue Hq Pb,2n,d, Thymol blue Blu to aay E Appli cations of complexo mtric trtiatton: W Used in determination of Aluminium hydroxide qel E Aluminsulphote Calcium cloldp R Calcium glconate A Magnesium sulphak. USAd for ucd determinahion.of pumanent and C also temporay hardness of Waler Sepaakeuy WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 5 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES MASKING AND DEMASKING AGENTS A Theo are those agers whch are Used in conplexorric ttration , M Whn ttal ion Solution Conains More than ond mal ion or mixture of mal ions. R mtal ion htal ion A H Nomal Compleondry detemination of ndivid val ims fr P ae agens ao Malcing tets: These thosA whjch Used LL when we wat wat comples tomple of ony COn) Ion ons. they majndy work by masking th ot mubl lona E forning onplex with with hem. by W. ins e, we have a yature f Mita EDA E [ Ca, Ca, u] and ühand iad R Sep- 1 Ca Cd - EDTA A C EOTA frm Conplex with all Sep-2 Now, if want idividual demination of mafoa ioNS oF cn WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 6 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES masting agents to prevent o oAr mtal ions. A Cd FOTA M keN 3 kN (nacting oqent:) R A , Dernacting cgents : Thosa are thosa agents whjdh release tha ekc) H of osting masking agents and P help them to tegaln ib proputies and tako past in ro0ctjons. LL - they mainly byeoks te matal -sking ogert coraplek. E toke above eanple, then W slep-3 Noui, if We akowant d io complax. then a formaldehyde Co E demasing aqents such R Ca + a - EDA A Cd - EDT4 4eUse ormadahycda) C want (ompux,hn also demacting agin -- WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 7 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES Estimation of Magnesium sulphalt: Can be detemined by by comple xortvic titrations A EDFA is Used as itrat. M Magnesium Sulphae. MolQcular. weiqkt 2464g/mol R Principle > A EOTA veOct: with Magnesium sulphate and orms onpler and for end point USe Mordart black II H Mg - ED4 indicotr EDT4 P Ma+ LL Procodure tbout 0-3 gm of mognesium sulprak heptohydrole is dissolved in som of distilled waje. cloride E Add lom of stong anmoria - ammonium a solutlon W Nouw, this mixtureis titroted with 00s M disodum EDTA, Mordan block I mixtue as Indiator. by Ujng Of E Titrati on is coninued ill he ill blue color is obfainud. R 0.06 M 0.00602 qm of A diso dium FO4 Mgsoy C Estimaion of Calcum Gluconate: also deeymined /esimale by cmplexo mutric disodivm EDA as titrotian by Osng9 titrant and Motdaut black T an Indycatar WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 8 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES Caleium gluconolk GiHyaaOy Mole culor weiqht > u30.343 qlmol A M Principle EorA reacks wjth alcium gluconat and forms complex R Ord for ed point Ue Mordont black II 0s an ndicator. A Ca2+ + EDTA a-FDTA H P Procedure About o4 gm of alcum qlucoote take in conicol LL oF fiak ond dissolue in So uoter cDTA. jsodum E Add Sm of 0-05 M disodium. Now, odd ammonjum - ammonjum W 0 Of stong chlor ide Solution E Add 23 2-3 drops c Mordan black IT aA Indiata. R Titrai is ovinuved il color chonges from win A red to pure blue (indicotes the end po iut) poiut). C Each ml of 0.05M 0-02242 gn of EDTA Cakum qlucorate WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 9 of 9  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES GRAVIMETRYA. A M |CHAPTER-3 UNIT-3 P.A. R SYLLASUS: Principle and step invoved in qravimetric A of - piecipiation analysis. Purity th precipiole Co and post preclpeaion, Estimatlon of borium sulprate. H P.Gravitnctry: It is o quantitafve anaeis involving the detertoi naion LL pUre fonm ie. of uveigh/amount f Subsjoncs in t cf precipitate by pecipitotion eactlon. in te fom in soliol foum E Grouimctry W Gvavi + Metry uDAUremt dutuminatin E R A Solution Solid mass C pyecipiak flfred Calculaled.. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 1 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES PRINCIPLE It is baced on the prinipe that i invole A CoDversjon of ons/element pure form to its M by precipation reoction, whjeh Can bigh and quantify. R STEPS INVOLVED IN GRAVIM eTRY - A It involves the Several seps H Sampling - preporation of olution. 0 P Preipilation Diqestion ostuald ripring LL flteration 9 latking Drying / Tgnition E Weighing W Colculation E we have to prepase solutnon subsance in R by dissolving cf dissolved and reoction take Solvet owhich Jt A place. witbdrawn ftom th C suifablo subsane /sample is the pulk matuia. ßa (l2t CoNC. S0y BasOy t 2H Barium chlorida Rojum sulphate ppt WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 2 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES Precipi lation NOw, for preparotion preparotion ofpreci pilate, we have to add precipilating reoqert for nake a a solutjon A precipitake cF substanca in pocoss of of formaton of solid) M Q solutien, when chemical e0con tao place Preciptation is necQesay to ceNvert subconco (no pure form. R its d. Hys04 A Pigestion (0stuald ipening It s Sthaller aa proceIs in H hich hu a pasticles of preci pilate is Convertecd P indo larqers Ohe by allouing 0 precipijete o tand in the presena LL of mother liquor. conain precipitate. Mother liquor is a Solution tha. is allouecd t sfand for 12-24 In this, precipak E hoUrs at foom fenp to increasa the tak of diqstion, tenperatue ik vajsed. W @ In ths process, precipiate ts saparot fltroion E liquor by ysing out from tu mother R paper fAlter Paper i.e. whatna's flter used , vetajng the solid wich is filter Papar A the as residue allouws the liquid to pass termed C thiovqh wich is collected cllected bolou) is Caled fittate. G Washing Noua, doring -thìs process, precipitale 6) COamjnaed wit inp urifie Some we hoveto wash thatprecipto WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 3 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES by using warm water r with uoith suitable solvert for temoye the mpurites from the preciputoe. A 6 Drying Drying or gnition it used to remove the M is water from the preipàlate which occurs during wasing R The ding Can bo by heating at lo'c to A 120c fo 2 Iqution an ba on at H much higher tempesotUre, P which is Usvatly required f precipitate muct ba be Converted o a MONe suitable fom for eighing LL Weigang Afia dnying, take esidue (peopikete) in toom tempo aure and, eigh aceurotely E on balonce. anatal W (8) Colcubtion E. XS purity ofE R subsanca A C where, resjdue C pre)pitaJe) t weight of Giavimeric facor W= wejqt of Sample WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 4 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES PURITY OF PREUPITATe| Sepauae out from th Whenhe preciputate is saparate A precipilake Solution, it is not aluys pure le. the M s Conaminated wit amour of impurites. of impuvities depends depends upon the These amoUt R noture and conditton of precipolae. A It Is Mainl of uo types H O co- precipiaion D Post- precipitation P It Condition/ procoss in O o-precipation LL precipijate is Contaminated |durig fororotion of precipahishich the substanG shich are during qravimefry by those E Soluble in moner liquor. types It mainly of to W (s a) Surfac adsorption In this, mpuriies are adsovbod tha surfas of precipikak. E b) Occlusion - In this, impur ties qet trappd insjde R during gowth oft precipitate A precipitoe cnstals. on Basoy precipatate in al kali rntrates. AgI adsobs C ondition /process in Post- precipilatihon > It is 0 which the impuritea qet After -formotion of precipiale edse adsorbad te" Cutfaco precpitak on WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 5 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES affer ik formation mainl twhen th preiptoae is allous to A. pre sence af moner liquor Stand sf M ESTIMATION OF RARIUM SULPHATE (Sulphat In ofmoun F R gravimehry analysi, th is estimatrd uantitatiyely barium sulphate. A. Bariumn sulphae BaSOy H Molecula wught 23349/mol P Principle: In tnis, dil. Suphurie add (HzS0) s addd to LL the dil. olution ofbarium Choride (Rach) wich ne Rarium sulpate. -forms white precipilak ofof (Basoy ) + 24C4 E H SOy W Procedure: bove to prepare solution of firstty E nd dissol ved Sample 0-08 Q qm ofBacl R in Of distilled water l000 A Conc. ths0y and dissolved tak0 of | in lo0 of distilled we. C Solution Pippute Out Of Bach i) beaRer. n) Add soluton WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 6 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES and Moko Volume upto loO m with A distilled water. ) NOu, heot tno olution am make solutiop bot. M v) Add dil. t4so droçuise Solution urtil the procipitae is not epavated ou R v) NOus, filtered washd and dried t. A Cal culation: H P EXS LL substana E W |APPLICATIONS of GRAvIMETRY solutions. anolysis of standod E Used onalyais requiring (auracy) ie. it is ttm R Used but accuracy (accurate eAult). CoNSuMing show bitu A Used in determinaioh of C chloride silver.eWoride lead chromate ele.. WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 7 of 7  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES DIAZOTITRATION TITRATION A CHA PTER-4HUNIT-3 M SYLLARUS: Basic Principles, mettods and applicotios R A Diqzotisation titration : th0se traion, which Usecd for H These qre the determinahon of aromatic amines. P T In this reaction, primary aromatic amines are re0ct uith SOdium mdjm to -form nitrite in gcdk LL /sodiurm nitik itation diaz onjum salt. [4iso knoun as Nitile This eaction is Coied utot in ce bath at a tenp 0°c - c (appOx. IS°c). E Principle : W oromatt It is based the principle tat prima reocs E amines of the Samplo and te Sodium sodium nittit toqetne in n gddic Qcidic medium ( e Hci) to yield a R djazojum Sals. A HNO, 4 Na O NaNo, + HC Nitrous C tHydrochloric Sodiunm nitrite acid NH + HNO, + HU + 2h0 Diazonjum salfs ic WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 1 of 3  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES firsty Sodium atd nitrike hydro chorie aeid veads, ad Sodjum chlorjde and nitraus gdd (HNO) are for ma then tols A DitvoUs acd forms diazonium sat by re0cting with aromat amines. M End Poin: - Ths R O Extunol Indicotor is storch lodide paper The erd point is Marted by the for mation of A blue COlor with starch iodida popar, whch is H pepored by dipping the filter paper in t starch mucilage and potosilum lodide solution. P DPotertiometrically indiator :- t is Used as electronmebis mathod. In s detemnud tbis, ed poin LL with the help of instrument Potentio muter. E Methodg: O Direct metnad In this, the amino qroup contaning dug W with te ocid soluton, then he resutting SO is immersed in ico woter, bath (o-sc), which E then tiatcd wit odium riatrite so" Gnd the end determined by external indicatot. R point is Drous Gcld is oddud ) Indirect metnod In this, the A excoss amount. whjch fo the Htroti on back itrajed with cthu appropriae titront. thic C 's Is Usad fr inSoluble diqzrrjum Solts. method Used for thosQ ompoUDd in Aohich Oxide n) otner uthod qroup DIesen, presen. ich is not qive mtds. poit boitn oftuo WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 2 of 3  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES PROCEOURE /MEHODOLOGY preparation of o. M Sodium Nitite solulion A - 4Sqm of Sodium ntrite is welqhed and dissolyed M in disilled water. After dissolutiorn, volume is made up to 1.litte Using disilhed a R Standardjsation sulp hanilonide aromotic amines) f A Take Of is weighed and torsfe to beaker. H and Sodium of Hy m 20 is addscd to niie Of disilled wate it P stired t cooled to Isc 2S gm of CUSlud ico k furtny LL 0ddud ard tittated with sulphari layida Sodivm nitbite (NaNO) solutin. E fnd poiv is detesmnd with the help of storch W iodide papar ( qlass td is dippad Indo solutin and touchd to sjardh -iodide papr, deup blue color E indicatc, end pol nt).. R 1 M of 1 N fach o1722 qm of suphanlamide. A Sodium nibik C Applicotons> aromatic amjnes and USed In determiation of USAd fòI deteinatin Of Sulpha goups also (sulphani lomida ), pro Cajnn hydrochlorida ete WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 3 of 3  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES REDOX TiTRATION UNIT-4 A SYLLARUS: M a) Concepts of OX\dation ond and reduchion b) Types oF ledox tittations (principles and appli aicos) R , Ceimey Jodimetvy , lodomtry, Bromatomery, bicOMatry. A Titration with potassium iodole. Definition : H P t is also knouon Oxidation - reduction titration Redox fitration thoce tittotion in which LL the unenown (redudng ogents by Using knou (moUn Of ONdising agnts O] OR oxjdisng aqens by Using E UNRNOwn determin tu ICnown amount of reducing 0gets. W oridising agcn RE DOX Titrat E R RED OX A Reduction Oxid ation Reduing Titrand C Redox ttttations ae basmd tha tedox reocton, in which both Oxidatlon. teducton take placos WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 1 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES CoNCEPTS OXIDATION ANO REDUCT1ON Ihen ORidation and A reducion roact lons , toqether hey ae termed as 0s (Pedox) (Redox) reoctiorn. M fe2t Loxidatian R Reduction. In this A reachon, feet Is Oridlzud and t is tedvcod H Oxidatiorn +(e) Reducion : c + e P LL OXIDATION reoction, in which foss of electroDs take pla cas Oxidotlon stae (valency) increasu and E involves : fkamples : W - Addition of Oygen - Rermoval of tydroqen S + th0 E - Loss Of electons (LEO) R REDVCTION A reacion, in which of electons take dkereases. places valency C and th \nvdlves: - Rermoval oval of Oxygen CUO + 2H Additton of ttydtoqen C2H t 2H C2Hy Gain ot electons (GEO) + e fet WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 2 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES Those substorces which invalves in Oxdotion -vedurtion (redox) eoction t are knðun oxidising /reduin aqerts. A Oxidising Aqents M TheSe thos substacQs which (qan elechrons) reduce) kdf and oxldisa. others Oxldants. R ) Potassiu dichromae (k,G,0;), Potassium pemarganae (kMnou) A Potasslum Iodale (kLb2), tydroqen paroxido (H0) ele. H Reducing Agerts : P Thoso aye those substaes wch Oxdi ad )Hes itself (l0ss electron) and reduce ohers. Also as reducavts. LL ferroUs triosulphae , ferraus sulphate, oralic 0dd acid ete Oxidation ( Redving Aqets) E 2+ W L Reducion(Oxldising Aqents) E R REDOX INDICATORS A which ae redox These those indicators itration. C These ae of follouinqs indicaor 0D Extunal O Inteeno! indicator indicafor Instrument indicafor 0 self WWW.CAREWELLPHARMA.IN FOR DOWNLOAD FREE PDF HANDWRITTEN NOTES Page 3 of 8  CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES O Inteal indicator : Also knoun Redox Indiolors. these those indicotor whjch exhibit diffeent color Oxidised A in reducod form. -mixed in titan d) eg). ferrojn [ Pale - blueoy