Chapter 1: Matter and Measurement (Chemistry) PDF

Matter And Measurement  Chapters: Chap 1: Introduction: Matter and Measurement Chap 2: Atoms, Molecules and Ions Chap 3: Stoichiometry, Calculation with Chemical Formulas and Equations Chap 4: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chap 5: Thermochemistry Chap 7: The Period...

Matter And Measurement  Chapters: Chap 1: Introduction: Matter and Measurement Chap 2: Atoms, Molecules and Ions Chap 3: Stoichiometry, Calculation with Chemical Formulas and Equations Chap 4: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chap 5: Thermochemistry Chap 7: The Periodic Properties of Elements Chap 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding Chap 10: Gases Chap 11: Intermolecular force, Liquids and solids Chap 13: Properties of Solution Matter Chap 15: Chemical Equilibrium And Measurement  Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement Matter And Measurement Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter And Measurement  Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter And Measurement  Matter = combination of elements Atoms are the smallest building blocks of matter. Matter And Measurement  Matter Each element is made of the same kind of atom. Matter And Measurement  Matter A compound is made of two or more different kinds of elements. Matter And Measurement In a molecule two or more atoms are joined in specific shapes. H2O molecule CO2 molecule Matter And Measurement  Classification of Matter  According to State of Matter  According to Composition Matter And Measurement  1. States of Matter Molecules apart from each Packed closely together other Thightly packed Still move rapidly Move rapidly Indefinite arrangement İts own volume is Colliding with others and wall independent than definite shape of container container Definite volume Compressible to smaller No specific shape volume Expand to larger volumes Matter NOTE! Neither liquids nor solids can not be compressed to any And Measurement appreciable extent 2. According to Composition Matter And Measurement Properties and Changes of Matter Matter And Measurement  Properties of Matter Physical Properties: □ Must be observed without changing composition. Boiling point, density, mass, volume, color, odoretc. Chemical Properties: □ Can only be observed when a compound/element change its composition. Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acid, etc. Intensive Properties: □ Independent of the amount of the matter that is present. Density, boiling point, color, etc. Extensive Properties: □ Dependent upon the amount of the matter present. Matter And Mass, volume, energy, etc. Measurement  Changes of Matter Physical Changes: □ Changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance. Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc. Chemical Changes: □ Changes that result in new substances. Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc. e.g. Hydrogen + Oxygen  Water H + ½ O2  H2O Matter And Measurement  Chemical Reactions In the course of a chemical reaction, the reacting Matter substances are converted to new substances. And Measurement  Compounds Compounds can be broken down into elements. Matter And Measurement Example: Which of the following is physical or chemical? a) Evaporation of alcohol b) Burning of lamp oil c) Bleaching of hair with hydrogen peroxide d) Forming of frost on a cold night Matter And Measurement Units of Measurement Matter And Measurement  Two common unit systems are available - English System (in USA) - Metric System (in the rest) * Système International d’Unités (SI Unit): based on metric unit system. Scientists use this system. Matter And Measurement SI Units Matter And Measurement Metric System Matter And Measurement  Mass & Weight Mass is quantity of Weight is a measure of matter within it. Matter gravitational pull on the And matter. Measurement  Temperature: Temperature measures the hotness/ coldness of objects. Temperature determines the direction of heat flow. Matter And Measurement Temperature Scales Matter And Measurement Temperature In scientific measurements, the Celsius and Kelvin scales are most often used. The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water. □ 0C is the freezing point of water. □ 100C is the boiling point of water. Matter And Measurement Temperature The Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature. It is based on the properties of gases. 0 K = 0 K.E. There are no negative Kelvin temperatures. Matter And Measurement Temperature The Fahrenheit scale is not used in scientific measurements. K = C + 273.15  F = 9/5(C) + 32  C = 5/9(F) − 32 Matter And Measurement  Volume The most commonly used metric units for volume are the liter (L) and the milliliter (mL). □ A liter is a cube 1 dm (10 cm) long on each side. □ A milliliter is a cube 1 cm long on each side. Matter And Measurement  Density: Physical property of a substance Intensive. M d= V g/cm3 or g/mL are generally used as density units. Temperature must be given together with density Matter because volume of substances change with heating And Measurement or cooling. Density of selected substances Matter And Measurement