Chapter 1 - Microbial World Study Guide PDF

**Chapter 1 -- "The Microbial World"** [Read all of chapter one]. [Vocabulary] -- Have a working knowledge of the following words.... There is a glossary at the end of the chapter, and you can use the flash cards in the study area of mastering microbiology to review the definitions. Do **not** spe...

**Chapter 1 -- "The Microbial World"** [Read all of chapter one]. [Vocabulary] -- Have a working knowledge of the following words.... There is a glossary at the end of the chapter, and you can use the flash cards in the study area of mastering microbiology to review the definitions. Do **not** spend hours on vocabulary but make sure that when you see the word you know what it means! Aseptic technique Cell Wall Chemolithotrophy Chromosome Colony Contrast Culture Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic membrane Differentiation Domain DNA replication Enrichment culture Enzyme Eukaryotic Evolution Extremophiles Genome Gram-negative Gram-positive Gram stain Growth Gut microbiome Horizontal gene transfer Intercellular communication Koch's postulates Macromolecules Magnification Medium (media) Metabolism Microbial community Microbial ecology Microorganism Morphology Motility Nucleoid Nucleus Organelle Pathogen Phylogenetic tree Phylogeny Plasmid Prokaryotic Pure culture Resolution Ribosomal RNA Ribosome Spontaneous generation Sterile Transcription Translation **Ch. 1 - Study questions... Answer the following questions using your own words. Use the book and lecture notes to find the answers. If you have questions post them in the moodle forum!!** 1\. In what ways are microorganisms important to humans? 2\. What is a bacterial colony and how is on formed? 3\. How can you get a pure culture of bacteria and why are pure cultures important? 4\. Where do you find microorganisms and do they typically live in a pure culture? 5\. What cellular structures distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 6\. What are some differences between a cell wall and a cell membrane? 7\. In what types of organisms would you expect to find cell walls and or cell membranes? 8\. How has the Earth changed over its history? How have microorganisms contributed to these changes? 9\. Name the three domains of life. Which of these contain eukaryotic life forms? How are they similar and different? 10\. Why were cyanobacteria so important in the evolution of life on Earth? What is a genus name of a cyanobacterium and what is unique about these organisms? 11\. How do microbes contribute to the nutrition of animals such as humans and cows? 12\. Describe several ways in which microorganisms are important in the food and agricultural industries. 13\. What is wastewater treatment and why is it important? 14\. What is the difference between magnification and resolution? 15\. What is the function of staining in light microscopy? 16\. What color will a gram-negative cell be after Gram staining by the conventional method? Gram positive? Why? 17\. What are the steps of a gram stain and the function of each reagent? 17\. What major advantage does phase-contrast microscopy have over staining? 18\. How can cells be made to fluoresce? 19\. What are the major differences between electron microscopes and light microscopes? 20\. What type of microscope would be used to view the three-dimensional features of a cell? Of the internal parts of a cell? Why? 21\. Explain how Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation. 22\. Explain Koch's postulates. 23\. What advantages do solid media offer for the isolation of microorganisms? What is an example of a solid bacteriological medium? Liquid growth medium? 24\. What is a pure culture? 25\. Describe Griffith's transformation experiment. 26\. What is a phylogenetic tree and what does it tell you? 27\. What are the contributions to microbiology associated with the following people...Robert Hooke, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Frederick Griffith, Carl Woese 28\. Define sterile in terms of microbiology. Name at least two ways to sterilize microbiological media. 29\. Why are *Archaea* more closely related to *Eukarya* than *Bacteria* are to *Eukarya*?