Chapter-1 ppt.pptx

Introductory Organic Chemistry Visualize, Understand & Draw Organic Chemistry is very much a part of our Dear PGSS Students, everyday life and activities. Welcome In Chemistry to Organic addition, the study of organic chem...

Introductory Organic Chemistry Visualize, Understand & Draw Organic Chemistry is very much a part of our Dear PGSS Students, everyday life and activities. Welcome In Chemistry to Organic addition, the study of organic chemistry is essential Summer Course for those who aspire in the fields of chemistry, bioscience, medicine-medical  science Jiben ROY and environmental sciences. The pharmaceutical industry, molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology and the various other fields including the areas of polymer science, the petrochemical industry, textiles, adhesives, resins and dyes require a basic knowledge of organic chemistry. (e) CHEMISTRY: A central science deals with matter and the changes the matter undergoes. Regarding matter, study of chemistry involves mainly Composition, Structure, & Properties of matter and changes of matter means reactions. Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds with some exceptions such as CO2, NaCO3 etc. do not belong to organic chemistry. Best definition: Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Hydrocarbon means a compound of carbon and hydrogen and Derivatives mean the compounds derived from hydrocarbon. Commonly used elements other than carbon shown(blacken) in partial Periodic Table Group Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 1 2 H He 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 4 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Kr K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br 36 5 53 54 I Xe  Table 1.1 Fact Sheet of most common elements in Organic Compounds Name of Group Block At. No. Physical Electron Configuration Isotopes element (Period) (At.mass) State (Symbol) Hydrogen 1 s 1 Gas(H2) 1s1 H,2H, 3H 1 Electron (H) (1) (1) Carbon 14 p 6 solid 1s22s22p2 or 12 C,13C, 14 C (C) (2) (12) 1s22s22px12py12pz0 Configura or [He]2s22p2 Nitrogen 15 p 7 Gas(N2) 1s22s22p3 or 14 N (N) (2) (14) 1s22s22px12py12pz1 tion & or [He]2s22p3 Oxygen 16 p 8 Gas(O2) 1s22s22p4 or 16 O, O 18 (O) (2) (16) 1s22s22px22py12pz1 Isotopes or [He]2s22p4 Fluorine 17 p 9 Gas(F2) 1s22s22p5 or 19 F (F) (2) (19) 1s22s22px22py22pz1 or [He]2s22p5 are Sodium (Na) 1 (3) s 11 (23) Solid 1s22s22p63s1 or [Ne]3s1 23 Na important Phosphorus 15 p 15 Solid 1s22s22p63s23p3 or 31 P (P) (3) (31) [Ne] 3s23p3 to Sulfur 16 p 16 Solid 1s22s22p63s23p4 or 32 S (S) (3) (32) [Ne] 3s23p4 Chlorine 17 p 17 Gas 1s22s22p63s23p5 or 35 Cl, 37 Cl (Cl) (3) (35.5) (Cl2) [Ne] 3s23p5 Remembe Potassium (K) 1 (4) s 19 (39) Solid 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 or [Ar]4s1 39 K r. Calcium 2 s 20 Solid 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 or 40 Ca (Ca) (4) (40) [Ar]4s2 Bromine 17 p 35 Liquid 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p 79 Br, 81 Br (Br) (4) (80) (Br2) 5 or [Ar] 3d104s24p5 Iodine 17 p 53 Solid 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p 127 I (I) (5) (127) (I2) 6 - 4d105s25p5 or [Kr] Energy levels of different atomic orbitals. In general electrons are filled up starting from Lower energy level ( maximum 2 electrons in each orbital or box) Remember: there are millions of organic compounds and hundreds are in the making everyday. IMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, both natural and synthetic. Cl O F Cl O Cl Freon-11 DDT 1,4-Dioxin Polychlorinated biphenyls Think about your career Uniquenes s of CARBON in making millions of compound s Carbocyclic ISOMERISM Functio nal Groups Heterocyclic compounds VS Carbocyclic Organic compounds ISOMERISM Functio nal Groups Heterocyclic compounds VS Carbocyclic Organic compounds