Chapter 1 Part 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life PDF

Chapter 1 Part 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life  Learning Objectives Be able to define biochemistry and explain the unity of biochemistry. Be able to list common elements important in living things. Be able to describe the important features of carbon. Be able to de...

Chapter 1 Part 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life  Learning Objectives Be able to define biochemistry and explain the unity of biochemistry. Be able to list common elements important in living things. Be able to describe the important features of carbon. Be able to describe the key classes of biomolecules and differentiate between them.  Introduction Biochemistry – study of living organisms at the molecular level Unity of Biochemistry – organisms are remarkably similar at the molecular level  1.1 Living System Require a Limited Variety of Atoms and Molecules Three most common elements – 98% of atoms in organisms Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon Water makes life possible H2O Importance of carbon C-C bonds very stable Found in fuels Through combustion reacts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and can exist as a gas Remains in biochemical circulation  1.1 Living System Require a Limited Variety of Atoms and Molecules Other essential elements in living systems Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorous Chloride Potassium Sulfur Sodium Magnesium  1.2 There Are Four Major Classes of Biomolecules Four Classes of Biomolecules 1. Proteins 2. Nucleic Acids 3. Lipids 4. Carbohydrates  1.2 There Are Four Major Classes of Biomolecules Proteins Made of 20 different amino acids linked by peptide bonds Have specific three-dimensional shape that helps determine function Functions: Signaling molecules Receptors Structural roles Allows mobility Provides defense Enzymes  1.2 There Are Four Major Classes of Biomolecules Nucleic Acids Formed from 4 nucleotides with a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base Two types: 1. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine Double stranded 2. RNA – ribonucleic acid Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil Single stranded Functions: Store information Transform information  1.2 There Are Four Major Classes of Biomolecules Lipids Common feature - hydrophobic Types of lipids 1. Phospholipids 2. Triglycerides 3. Steroids Functions: Form membranes Storage form of energy Signaling molecule  1.2 There Are Four Major Classes of Biomolecules Carbohydrates Ratio of 1C:2H:1O Monosaccharides – glucose Polysaccharides – glycogen, starch Functions: Source of energy Cell recognition Cell-to-cell interactions