Chapter 1: Introduction to System Analysis Design PDF

Chapter 1: Introduction to System Analysis Design System Analysis and Design Fundamentals (CSC 1403)   After completing the topic, students should be able to: 1. Identify the importance of System Analysis and Design Learning 2. Identify the roles and respons...

Chapter 1: Introduction to System Analysis Design System Analysis and Design Fundamentals (CSC 1403)   After completing the topic, students should be able to: 1. Identify the importance of System Analysis and Design Learning 2. Identify the roles and responsibilities of a System Analyst objectives 3. Compare the 4 types of Information system 4. Identify the tools and techniques for System Analysis and Design 2   A method used by companies to create and maintain systems that perform basic business functions  Main goal is to improve employee efficiency by applying software solutions to key business tasks  A structured approach must be used in order to ensure 1.1 Overview success. of System  Systems Analyst performs analysis and design based upon: Analysis and  Understanding of organization’s objectives, structure and processes Design  Knowledge of how to exploit information technology for advantage 3   Major goal: to improve organizational systems by developing or acquiring software and training 1.1 Overview employees in its use of System  Application software, or a system, supports Analysis and organizational functions or processes Design (continue) 4   System: Turns data into information and includes: 1.1 Overview  Hardware and system software of System  Documentation and training materials Analysis and  Job roles associated with the system Design  Controls to prevent theft or fraud  The people who use the software to perform their jobs (continue) 5 1.1 Overview of System Analysis and Design (continue) 6 1.1 Overview of System Analysis and Design (continue) 7   Study problems and needs of an organization  Determine best approach to improving organization through use of: 1.2 Roles as  People System  Methods  Information technology Analyst  Help system users and managers define their requirements for new or enhanced systems 8   Analytical  Understanding of organizations  Problem-solving skills 1.2 Roles as  System thinking System  Ability to see organizations and information systems as systems Analyst (continue)  Technical  Understanding of potential and limitations of technology 9   Managerial 1.2 Roles as  Ability to manage projects, resources, risk and change System  Interpersonal Analyst  Effective written and oral communication skills (continue) 10   Information systems are collections of multiple information resources to gather, process, store, and disseminate information. 1.3 Type of  Many people rely on various information systems to communicate with friends and family, bank or shop online, or Information look up information via a search engine. system  Companies and organizations employ information systems to communicate and work with their customers and suppliers, manage the organization, perform essential business operations, and roll out and maintain marketing campaigns. 11 1.3 Type of Information system (continue) Pyramid of Management Level 12   A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of information system designed to handle, record, and manage routine, repetitive, and structured business transactions efficiently and accurately. a. Transaction  It automate handling of data about business activities (transactions) Processing  These systems are critical for operational-level processes in organizations and are the backbone of many business activities. System (TPS)  It ensures that core business activities are carried out smoothly, providing the foundation for higher-level systems like management information systems (MIS) or decision support systems (DSS). 13   Use Cases: a. Transaction Retail: Point-of-sale systems to manage sales and inventory. Banking: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and online banking for Processing managing customer transactions. System (TPS) Airlines: Reservation systems for booking tickets and managing passenger data. (continue) Manufacturing: Systems to track production schedules and raw material usage. 14 a. Transaction Processing System (TPS) (continue) Example of TPS System: Payroll System 15   A Management Information System (MIS) is a type of information system that gathers, processes, stores, and analyzes data to provide meaningful insights and reports to help managers in decision-making and managing an organization’s operations b. effectively.  It converts raw data from transaction processing system into Management meaningful form Information  It integrates people, technology, and processes to achieve these objectives. System (MIS)  It enables organizations to make informed decisions, improve operational efficiency, and gain a competitive advantage. It bridges the gap between data collection systems (like TPS) and decision-making systems (like DSS). 16   Functions of MIS: 1.Data Collection: Gathers raw data from various sources within b. the organization. 2.Data Processing: Converts raw data into useful information Management through sorting, aggregating, and analyzing. Information 3.Data Storage: Stores data securely for easy access and retrieval. 4.Report Generation: Produces reports that are actionable and System (MIS) tailored to specific management needs. (continue) 5.Problem Identification: Highlights areas of concern, inefficiency, or performance shortfalls. 17   Examples of MIS: b. 1.Sales Reporting System: Tracks and summarizes sales data by region, product, or sales representative. Management 2.Inventory Management System: Monitors stock levels and reordering needs. Information 3.Financial Management System: Generates income statements, balance sheets, and expense reports. System (MIS) 4.Human Resources System: Analyzes employee performance, (continue) payroll, and recruitment data. 18 b. Management Information System (MIS) (continue) Example of MIS: Financial Management System 19   A Decision Support System (DSS) is a type of information system designed to support complex decision-making processes by c. Decision analyzing data, providing insights, and suggesting potential actions or solutions. It provides interactive environment for Support decision making. System (DSS)  DSS is typically used by managers and professionals to solve semi- structured or unstructured problems where human judgment and computer-based analytics work together. 20   Functions of DSS: 1.Data Collection: Collects data from databases, spreadsheets, and other sources. c. Decision 2.Data Analysis: Applies statistical, mathematical, or simulation models to process the data. Support 3.Scenario Evaluation: Enables users to evaluate "what-if" scenarios and assess outcomes of different decisions. System (DSS) 4.Decision Support: Provides recommendations, predictions, or insights to support decision-making. (continue) 5.Visualization: Presents data and results through charts, graphs, and dashboards for easier interpretation. 21   Examples of DSS: 1.Financial Planning Tools: Helps managers evaluate investment c. Decision options, budgets, or profitability. Support 2.Supply Chain DSS: Analyzes logistics, inventory, and supplier performance to optimize operations. System (DSS) 3.Customer Relationship Management (CRM) DSS: Identifies customer trends, preferences, and retention strategies. (continue) 4.Healthcare DSS: Assists in medical diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient risk assessment. 22 c. Decision Support System (DSS) (continue) Example of DSS 23   An Expert System (ES) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI)- based information system designed to emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert in a specific domain.  It uses a knowledge base of facts and rules, combined with reasoning algorithms, to provide advice, make decisions, or solve complex problems that typically require human d. Expert expertise. System  It replicates decision-making process. Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would approach the problem  In summary, an expert system is a powerful tool for solving specialized problems and emulating expert decision-making in a specific field, but it cannot fully replicate the versatility and creativity of human experts. 24   Functions of an Expert System: 1.Problem Solving: Provides solutions to complex problems. 2.Decision-Making: Assists in making decisions based on expertise. 3.Diagnostics: Diagnoses issues (e.g., medical or technical problems). 4.Learning and Adaptation: Some expert systems can learn from new data to improve their knowledge base (in advanced versions). d. Expert  Examples of Expert Systems: 1.Medical Diagnosis: Systems like MYCIN, which diagnose diseases System and suggest treatments based on symptoms. 2.Engineering Design: CAD systems for designing machines or (continue) structures. 3.Customer Support: Chatbots and help-desk applications that troubleshoot and solve customer issues. 4.Financial Planning: Systems that analyze investment options or assess risk. 5.Legal Advisory: Systems that provide legal advice based on case law and statutes. 25 d. Expert System (continue) Here is an illustration of an expert system in action, depicting a medical diagnostic system. It shows how symptoms are inputted, processed through a knowledge base and inference engine, and then an output recommendation is generated for treatment. 26 d. Expert System (continue) Here's another illustration of an expert system, this time focused on agriculture. It shows a farmer using a tablet to input data about soil, crops, and weather, with the expert system providing recommendations for planting schedules, irrigation, and fertilizer usage in a modern farm setting. 27 The summary of TPS, MIS, DSS and ES 28 1.4 Tools and techniques for SAD 29 1.4 Tools and techniques for SAD 30