Chapter 1: Electric Current (3 Sec 1) PDF
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Mr. Michael
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This document explains electric current, including its definition, conditions for its occurrence, characteristics, and measured quantities. It contains worked examples and problems, making it an excellent resource for secondary school physics lessons on electric current.
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MR / Michael 1 Electric current: It is the flow of electric charges through a conductor. {There must be potential difference between terminals of conductor} Direction of electric current 1- Conventional current: It is the flow of positive charges from(+ve)to (-ve)pole {We w...
MR / Michael 1 Electric current: It is the flow of electric charges through a conductor. {There must be potential difference between terminals of conductor} Direction of electric current 1- Conventional current: It is the flow of positive charges from(+ve)to (-ve)pole {We will use this direction through our syllabus} 2-Electronic current: It is the flow of electrons from (-ve) to (+ve) terminal Conditions to obtain electric current: 1-Electric source {To produce potential difference between two terminals of conductor} 2-Closed circuit Characteristics of an electric current: 1-Electric current intensity (I ) 2-Electric potential difference (P.D) 3-Electrical resistance (R) MR / Michael 2 It is the quantity of electric charges (Q) in coulomb passing through a given cross sectional area in one second. Q {quantity of charges} {Electric current intensity}I= t {Time per second} OR Q I x t Coulomb Ampere Second What is meant by Ampere? It is the current intensity that produced due the passage of 1 coulomb of quantity of charges through conductor in one second. Unit of What is the physical quantity and equivalent the following 1- Ampere.sec. Physical quantity Quantity of charge Equivlent unit Coulomb 2- Coulomb Ampere Physical quantity Electric current intensity Equivlent unit Second Important Hint: @Where n is the number of electron passing through Q= n X e Conductor in one second e :it is the charge of electron e 1.6x 1019 coulomb Electric current intensity is measured by device called "Ammeter" which is connected inside circuit on series to record the electric current which passes through the whole circuit Problem (1): A current intensity of 3.2 A passes through a conductor.Find the number of electrons that passes across its cross section during 3 seconds given that the charge of an electron e=1.6x10-19 coulomb. Solution 3.2x 3 Q= I x t = ne so 3.2 x 3= nx1.6 x10-19 n= 19 6 x 1019 electrons 1.6x 10 MR / Michael 3 Problem (2):An electron rotates around the nucleus of a hydrogen atom making 6.6x1015 revolution per second.Calculate the current intensity resulting from it knowing that the charge of electron=1.6x10-19 coulomb. Solution q= Ix t = n x e I x1 = 6.6x1015 x 1.6x 1019 I = 10.56 x1014 A Problem (3):If the flow rate of electrons in wire X is 1020 electron/sec. and its flow rate in wire Y is 2x1020 electron/sec. then the ratio between current intensity (Ix /Iy ). 1 1 2 1 A) B) C) D) 1 2 1 4 Solution: Ne Nx Ny I 10 20 and 2 x10 20 t t t Ix Nx t 1020 1 x Iy t Ny 2 x10 20 2 Problem (4): Based on Bohr model for the hydrogen atom,the electron move in circular path of radius 0.53 A0 with speed of 2.2x106 m/s. the current intensity due to the motion of the electron equals…………………. A)03.141 mA B)6.282mA C)1.166 mA D)1.057 mA Solution: Ne d (circumference) 2 r 2 r I V t= N= 1 electron t t t V e 1.6 x1019 C 1x1.6 x1019 1x1.6 x1019 I= x2.2 x106 0.001057 A 1.057mA 2 r 2 x3.14 x0.53x10 10 V MR / Michael 4 Quiz:(1) MR / Michael 5 5-The opposite diagram shows a section of a Conductor that carries an electric current ,so Which of the following choices shows the relation among current intensities at the cross section x,y and z? A) Ix > I y >Iz B) Ix = I y =Iz C) Ix < I y >Iz D) Ix < I y