Assessment in Learning - Basic Concepts - Education PDF

EDU106 ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING 1 DR. EDGAR (GARRY) G. CANDA Professor Prayer: Let us put ourselves in the presence of the Lord. Dear God, we offer everything to You during this session. May we ask for your blessings and divine providence that the activities set for this u...

EDU106 ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING 1 DR. EDGAR (GARRY) G. CANDA Professor Prayer: Let us put ourselves in the presence of the Lord. Dear God, we offer everything to You during this session. May we ask for your blessings and divine providence that the activities set for this undertaking be successful and effective. May we also retain the invaluable knowledge and learning experiences that we derive from this activity, for actual application when we leave this session. Prayer: We pray that You bless all the people present on this session that they fulfill their tasks responsibly, that the objectives they have set may all be achieved. Your generous blessing would mean the success of this session. We know that without it, we can do nothing. May we be living witnesses of Your genuine love, through the implementation of the knowledge acquired through this activity. Grant us Your divine wisdom as we go about task after this session. This we ask in Jesus’ name. AMEN  CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts in Assessment (Test, Assessment, Measurement and Evaluation) Leaning Objectives: At the end of this topic, you are expected to: 1. Define and illustrate the different concepts in assessment; 2. Differentiate between Norm-referencing and Criterion-referencing; 3. Discuss the different categories and goals of Assessment; 4. Differentiate between the two major types of Assessment. 5. Discuss the guidelines for effective student assessment; and 6. Show positive attitude on this topic.  INTRODUCTION ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING Focuses on the development and utilization of assessment tools to improve the teaching-learning process. It emphasizes on the use of testing for measuring knowledge, comprehension and other thinking skills.  INTRODUCTION ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING As part of the overall evaluation process, we need specifically to find out if the learners are actually learning (changing their behavior) as a result of the teaching. What is ASSESSMENT? - defined as the act or process of collecting and interpreting information about the student learning. ( Gabuyo, Yonardo A., Assessment of Learning 1, 2021) What is ASSESSMENT? - Is a joint process that involves both teachers and learners. ( Paler-Calmorin, Laurentina,PhD., Assessment of Student Learning 2, 2019) What is ASSESSMENT? - Is a continuous process whose primary purpose is to improve student learning. ( Gabuyo, Yonardo A., & Gary C Dy, Assessment of Learning II, 2022)  Formal Assessment Informal Assessment Formative Assessment Summative Assessment  Formal Assessments have data which support the conclusions made from the test. (Standardized Test) The data is mathematically computed and summarized Scores such as percentiles, stanines, or standard Scores are mostly commonly given from this type of assessment. Informal Assessments are not data driven but rather content and performance driven. “A diagnostic use of assessment to provide feedback to teachers and students over the course of instruction”.- Carol Boston Gathering of data during a time lesson is being discussed. - Administered at the end of the day’s lesson. - To monitor students learning to provide ongoing feedback. “A summative assessment is one attempts to assess student’s learning for a specific time period. For example a Unit test would be a summative assessment”. – Eden Ralph Use to determine the mastery and achievement of the student. Done usually at the end of a chapter or unit. Accountability of success or failure. Administered at the end of the Unit/Chapter. The difference between Norm- referencing and criterion- referencing: Assessment where students are compared with each other is known as Norm-referencing. Assessment of learners in relation to a particular target or level of performance is called Criterion- referencing. Categories of Assessment: Formative: is a type of assessment used to monitor the learning progress of the students during instruction. GOALS: Formative: - To provide immediate feedback to both student and teacher regarding the success and failures of learning. - To identify the learning errors that are in need of correction; GOALS: - To provide teachers with information on how to modify instruction; - To improve learning and instruction. Categories of Assessment: Formative: Examples: -Teacher-student conference - Observation - Question and answer sessions - Self check quizzes Categories of Assessment: Summative: Is a type of assessment usually given at the end of a course or unit. GOALS: - Provide proof of learning and assigning a grade or defining the level of knowledge a students has obtained. - Decide if students have achieved mastery. - Determine the effectiveness of instruction. Categories of Assessment: Summative: Examples: 1. Chapter/Unit Test 2. Midterm/Final Exam 3. Projects 4. Performances Why do we use each assessment? Formative Assessment: - To improve Instruction - To provide students’ feedback Why do we use each assessment? Summative Assessment: - To measure students’ competency When do we use each assessment? Formative Assessment: - It is used continuously When do we use each assessment? Summative Assessment: - It is used at the end. How students can use test results? Formative Assessment: - It is used for areas of improvement How students can use test results? Summative Assessment: - It is used for progress of goals and benchmark. How teachers can use assessment results? Formative Assessment: - It is used to check understanding of content. How teachers can use assessment results? Summative Assessment: - It is used for grade-level promotion and end unit grading. Two Major types of Assessment: Formal Assessment: Formal assessments are formal ways of finding out how much a student has learned or improved during the instructional period. Two Major types of Assessment: Formal Assessment: Standardized Examples: 1. Examinations 2. Diagnostic Tests 3. Achievement Tests 4. Screening and intelligence tests Two Major types of Assessment: Informal Assessment: Informal assessment tools are tools that can judge and evaluate students’ performance and skill levels without making use of standardized tests and scoring patterns. Two Major types of Assessment: Informal Assessment: Examples: 1. Projects 2. Experiments 3. Presentations Performance-based Assessment: - is an assessment in which students are asked to perform real-world tasks that demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills. ( Mueller, 2010) Portfolio Assessment: - is the systematic, longitudinal collection of students work in response to specific, known instructional objectives and evaluated in relation to the same criteria. ( Ferenz, K. , 2001) Portfolio: - is a purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student's efforts, progress and achievements in one or more areas over a period of time. ( Ferenz, K. , 2001) Guidelines for Effective Student Assessment: Effective assessment: 1. requires a clear concept of all intended learning outcomes. 2. requires that a variety of assessment procedures should be used. 3. requires that the instructional relevance of the procedure should be considered. Guidelines for Effective Student Assessment: Effective assessment: 4. requires an adequate sample of student performance. 5. requires that the procedures must be fair to everyone. 6. requires specifications of criteria for judging successful performance. Guidelines for Effective Student Assessment: 7. Effective performance requires feedback to students emphasizing strengths of performance and weaknesses to be corrected. 8. Effective assessment must be supported by comprehensive grading, and reporting system. TEST.- may be called as TOOL, a question, set of questions, an examination which is used to measure a particular characteristics of an or a group of individuals. - Is the form of questioning or measuring tool used to access the status of one’s skill, attitude and fitness. Test. – An instrument or activity used to accumulate data on a person’s ability to perform a specified task. -It is an assessment intended to measure a test-taker’s knowledge, skill, aptitude, performance, or classification in many topics.  MEASUREMENT Measurement. – process of collecting data attribute of interest. - Is an act or process that involves the assignment of numerical values to whatever is being tested. So it involves the quantity of something.  MEASUREMENT - Is the term used to describe the assignment of a number to a given assessment. 1. Objective Test 2. Subjective Test 3. Individual Test 4. Group Test 5. Unstandardized Test 6. Standardized Test  OBJECTIVE TEST Objective Test – It is a test paper and pencil test, where in students answers can be compared and quantified to yield a numerical score. This is because it required convergent and specific response.  SUBJECTIVE TEST Subjective Test. It is a paper and pencil test which is not easily quantified as students are given the freedom to write their answer to a question. This type of test is also Divergent.  INDIVIDUAL TEST Individual Test. It is a test administered to one student at a time.  GROUP TEST Group Test. It is one administered to a group of students.  UNSTANDARDIZED TEST Unstandardized Test. It is one prepared by teachers for use in the classroom with no established norms for scoring and interpretation of result.  STANDARDIZED TEST Standardized Test. It is a test prepared by an expert or specialist. This type of test samples behavior under uniform procedures.  REFERENCES Gabuyo, Yonardo A. (2020) Assessment of Learning I, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. Go, Mildred B. and Ofelia T. Posecion (2020) Language and Literature Assessment: A Comprehensive Guide, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Navarro, Rosita L. and Rosita G. Santos (2022) Assessment of Learning Outcomes (Assessment I), Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Santos, Rosita De Guzman (2017) Assessment of Learning I, Lorimar Publishing, Inc. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES: Chapter 5: Assessment of Learning. Available: https://curriculum.gov.mt/en/Assessment/Asse ssment-of-Learning/Documents/ assessment_of_learning.pdf Assessment of Learning. Available: https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/7800/1/AssessmentforLe arning.pdf 6 Types of Assessment of Learning. Available: https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/6- types-assessment-learning/ Thank You 