CHAPTER-1.pptx

GUESS?? THE PICTURE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH : THE UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Objectives: Enumerate and define the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe and the solar system. THE UNIVERSE COSMOLOGY- a branch of science that s...

GUESS?? THE PICTURE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH : THE UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM  Objectives: Enumerate and define the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe and the solar system. THE UNIVERSE COSMOLOGY- a branch of science that study the origin, evolution and fate of the universe. Historical Perspective of the Origin of the Universe How do ancient myths explain the origin of the universe? In the centuries of scientific development, what was the significance of the great discoveries in Biology, Chemistry, and Astronomy? What was the role of the deity in the creation of the universe? In our times, What are the main theories of the origin of the Universe? What is the meaning of the word “creation”? How do ancient myths explain the origin of the universe? What was the role of the deity in the creation of the universe?  The gods cried and teardrops became ocean.  Gods punished some primordial man whose head, feet, eyes and mind, consequently, became the sky, the earth, the sun and the moon. What is the meaning of the word “creation”?  the action or process of bringing something into existence.  “the act of making, inventing, or producing” or “something that is created, i.e world, creatures, original work of art In the centuries of scientific development, what was the significance of the great discoveries in Biology, Chemistry, and Astronomy?  In 1500 the great scientific endeavor began.  Produced a body of knowledge that explained the created world.  Scientistssought to explain how created things work, to discover the laws of nature and to understand the world and the universe. In our times, What are the main theories of the origin of the Universe? The most widely accepted explanation is the big bang theory. Learn about the explosion that started it all and how the universe grew from the size of an atom to encompass everything in existence today.  Universe The Universe is all of space, matter, energy, time, and its contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. It is the totality of all that exists, the entire cosmos.  Universe The word universe derives from the Old French word univers, which in turn derives from the Latin word universus, meaning 'combined into one'. The Latin word 'universum' was used by Cicero and later Latin authors in many of the same senses as the modern English word is used. Universe Composition Three abundant elements in the universe Hydrogen Helium Oxygen Baryonic matter an “ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons and neutrons that comprises atoms, planets, stars, galaxies and other bodies.  Protostar an early stage in the formation of star  Dark Energy The source of anti-gravity; a force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand  Dark Matter The matter that has gravity but does not emit light. Light year  Thedistance light can travel in a year; a unit of length used to measure astronomical distance. Galaxy  The basic unit of universe Universe THEORIES BEHIND THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE 1ST THEORY The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation for how the universe began. It started with an infinitely hot and dense single point that inflated and stretched — first at unimaginable speeds, and then at a more measurable rate — over the next 13.8 billion years to the still-expanding cosmos that we know today. Georges Henri Edouard Lemaitre 1927  He was the first suggested an expanding universe that began from primordial particle.  he called his Idea as his “hypothesis of the primeval atom” or “Cosmic Egg” Three Ideas 1. thatuniverse is expanding 2. that the outward speed of distant objects in the universe is proportional to their distance from us. 3. that rate of expansion can be estimated from observation BIG BANG THEORY Edwin Hubble 1929  American Astronomers who prove the existence of other galaxies.  he examine the Red shift of light coming from distant galaxies  light wave stretched and wavelength become larger  “Redshift distance law of The Hubble Space Telescope is the first astronomical Galaxies (Hubble’s law) observatory placed into orbit around Earth with the ability to record images in wavelengths of light  Hubble Constant- confirming spanning ultraviolet to near infrared. Launched on Lemaitre prediction of an April 24, 1990 aboard the space shuttle Discovery, expanding universe Hubble orbits roughly 320 miles (515 km) above Earth's surface. George Gamow 1948 Russian comoslogist gave support lemaitre and Hubble According to Gamow elements were formed after Bigbang theory Hydrogen and Helium (H) and (He) A 2013 map of the background radiation left over from the Big Bang, taken by the ESA's Planck spacecraft, captured the oldest light in the universe. This information helps astronomers determine the age of the universe. (Image credit: ESA and the Planck Collaboration Fred Hoyle English astrophyst and comologist Nucleosynthesis- process of the formation of light elements in the universe he rejected the big bang theory and believed in STEADY STATE THEORY OR INFINITE UNIVERSE THEORY “had no beginning no end”. STEADY STATE THEORY OR INFINITE UNIVERSE THEORY Formation of the Solar System THE SOLAR SYSTEM ASTEROI D are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. COMET A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process that is called outgassing.  The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The Milky Way is a huge collection of stars, dust and gas. It's called a spiral galaxy 1. The Milky Way is a ______________ 2. The unit of length that astronomers use is the______________________ 3. According to current theory, the Universe will stop expanding eventually. T or F 4. Edwin Hubble's discoveries were so important that he had something named after him What was it? 5. According to latest theories, the Big Bang happened 6.What are the three abundant elements in the universe 7. What is an early stage in the formation of star? 8. What is the source of anti-gravity; a force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand? 9. What is an “ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons and neutrons that comprises atoms, planets, stars, galaxies and other bodies? 10 He was the first suggested an expanding universe that began from primordial particle. 1927 11. A branch of science that study the origin, evolution and fate of the universe.  12. What is the big bang theory? A. A theory that states that the universe started in a large mass and then imploded to form everything. B. mass and then expanded, the expansion cooled down the temperature and that resulted in the formation of matter, energy, space and time. C. A theory that states that the universe was there, will be and is there. Is homogeneous and isotropic. 13. What were the original two elements in our universe? 14. He rejected the big bang theory and believed in STEADY STATE THEORY OR INFINITE UNIVERSE THEORY 15. What is my complete name