Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Wellbeing - Secondary School

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELLBEING  LINKS TO STUDY DESIGN Key Knowledge concepts of health and wellbeing (including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions) and illness, and the dynamic and subjective nature of these concepts benefits of optimal health a...

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELLBEING  LINKS TO STUDY DESIGN Key Knowledge concepts of health and wellbeing (including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions) and illness, and the dynamic and subjective nature of these concepts benefits of optimal health and wellbeing and its importance as a resource individually, nationally and globally prerequisites for health as determined by the WHO including peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity Key Skills explain the dynamic and subjective nature of the concepts of health and wellbeing and illness describe interrelationships between dimensions of health and wellbeing explain the individual and collective importance of health and wellbeing as a resource describe global benefits of the pursuit of optimal health and wellbeing identify the WHO’s prerequisites for health and explain their links to improved health outcomes  LET'S BEGIN Key Knowledge concepts of health and wellbeing (including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions) and illness, and the dynamic and subjective nature of these concepts benefits of optimal health and wellbeing and its importance as a resource individually, nationally and globally prerequisites for health as determined by the WHO including peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity Key Skills explain the dynamic and subjective nature of the concepts of health and wellbeing and illness describe interrelationships between dimensions of health and wellbeing explain the individual and collective importance of health and wellbeing as a resource describe global benefits of the pursuit of optimal health and wellbeing identify the WHO’s prerequisites for health and explain their links to improved health outcomes  HEALTH AND WELLBEING DEFINITION: The overall state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.  HEALTH DEFINITION DEFINITION: A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Note – with regards to health, never judge a book by it’s cover!  DYNAMIC & SUBJECTIVE DEFINITIONS The health and wellbeing experienced by an individual is dynamic, meaning that it is constantly changing. – E.g. Think about how your health can/does change HWB is considered to be subjective as it is influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings or opinions. – E.g. Think about your pain threshold compared to a family member or friend Chapter 1.8 Key skill: – https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&a ssetid=33528 KEY SKILL - HWB AS DYNAMIC Exam Style Q Q - Use an example to explain the dynamic nature of H&WB. A – H&WB is considered dynamic as it is constantly changing. For example, an individual rolls their ankle and is no longer free from injury, negatively impacting their Physical HWB. Despite this, after the injury heals and any rehab has been undertaken, the individual will be free from injury once more, returning their Physical HWB to pre injury state. KEY SKILL - HWB AS SUBJECTIVE EXAM STYLE Q Q - Use an example to explain the subjective nature of H&WB. A – H&WB is considered subjective as it is based on the opinions and personal beliefs of individuals and means different things to different people For example, one individual has close contact with one friend and feels that they are experiencing good social health and wellbeing through making a strong connection. However, another person may feel they are experiencing poor social health and wellbeing through feeling lonely and as though they are having limited social interactions. ILLNESS & DISEASE ARE DIFFERENT DEFINITION: Illness is a concept that relates to negative aspects of health and wellbeing – it is subjective – it is the personal experience of disease or injury. What can influence levels of illness? 1) Pain threshold 2) levels of support a person has For example, a person with a high threshold for pain may experience a lower level of illness than a person with a low threshold for pain, even if their diseases are the same. Illness is CHECK THIS OUT! IN COMPARISON… DEFINITION: Disease is a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage. It usually involves a diagnosis. Key skill overview (3.30 mins) https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=33 528 DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AND WELLBEING Physical health and wellbeing Emotional health and wellbeing Mental health and wellbeing Social health and wellbeing Spiritual health and wellbeing PEMMS – we use these in nearly all exam Q’s! Any Q that asks about ‘health and wellbeing’ must include at least one of these! We also use these for Q’s that mention ‘health’ or ‘health outcomes’ NOTE : You can shorten Health and Wellbeing to (HWB) in the SAC and exam REMEMBER! ALWAYS include 'aspects' of each dimension you talk about. Aspects are key terms you can use to describe or explain a dimension with more detail. A good habit to get into now – don't include a dimension of health and wellbeing WITHOUT mentioning an aspect to explain your answer and give depth to your level of understanding. Let's get into these now – hopefully, you already know this from Unit 1/2. PHYSICAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING Description: Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily tasks CHARACTERISTICS/ASPECTS OF THE PHYSICAL DIMENSION OF HWB – Strong immune system (see how it links to “optimal” because the phrase is made positive by the term “strong”) – Adequate energy levels/fitness levels – Well-functioning body systems and organs – Freedom from illness, disease and injury – Healthy body weight – Ability to complete physical tasks *When these things are impacted we can talk about them in the negative. P H YS IC A L H E A LT H A N D W E LLB E IN G CONT. It is only when the whole body and its systems are functioning to the best of their ability that a person can be considered to have optimal physical health and wellbeing and you must use the aspects/characteristic s when answering Q’s about HWB SOCIAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING Description: Is the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and manage or adapt appropriately to social situations. SOCIAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING CONT. See the key aspects/characteristic s of Social HWB. Optimal social health and wellbeing is considered to be when interactions are positive and add value to life (again, you must use the characteristics/aspects on the left when answering Q’s) How is your social health and wellbeing?  EMOTIONAL HEALTH Description: Relates to the ability to AND WELLBEING express emotions and feelings in a positive way, including the ability to display resilience. It is normal to experience negative emotions. Being sad doesn’t mean you have poor emotional HWB! Have a look at the following clips – are the emotional reactions appropriate to the situation? E M O T IO N A L H E A LT H A N D W E LLB E IN G CONT. An emotionally healthy individual recognises emotions and manages them effectively.  MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING Description: It is the current state of mind or brain and the ability to think and process information Mental health and wellbeing is about the wellness of the mind rather than illness Factors representing optimal mental health and wellbeing include: – Low levels of stress and anxiety – Positive self esteem – Sense of confidence – Optimism MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING When stress levels are low and a person feels relaxed and positive about themselves and life, mental health and wellbeing can be optimal  SPIRITUAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING Description: It is not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of humans. Eg – having a sense of belonging. SPIRITUAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING CONT. Don’t just make up any aspect - must use the factors when answering Q’s about spiritual hwb. INTERRELATIO NSHIPS Now that we have revised the 5 dimensions, we need to unpack the way these 5 dimensions may interrelate with each other https://play.kahoot.it/v2/ ?quizId=2b19dcaa-2ba8- 46ec-827c-decb2f45fcfb 15 Q’s Key Skill Explained: https://content2.learnon. com.au/player?isbn=978 0730393474&assetid=3  LINKS TO STUDY DESIGN Key Knowledge concepts of health and wellbeing (including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions) and illness, and the dynamic and subjective nature of these concepts benefits of optimal health and wellbeing and its importance as a resource individually, nationally and globally prerequisites for health as determined by the WHO including peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity Key Skills explain the dynamic and subjective nature of the concepts of health and wellbeing and illness describe interrelationships between dimensions of health and wellbeing explain the individual and collective importance of health and wellbeing as a resource describe global benefits of the pursuit of optimal health and wellbeing identify the WHO’s prerequisites for health and explain their links to improved health outcomes  KEY SKILL - INTERRELATIONSHIP There are 2 types of interrelationship questions you can get… QUESTIONS Read Exam Tip Page 26 as a class. TYPE 1 - Describing the interrelationship between TWO dimensions To do this you need to Start with one dimension ( and one aspect of it), continue with how it impacts a second dimension (again, mentioning a key aspect), then finish with saying how that can FURTHER impact the first dimension (using a different aspect to what you started with ) Class activity: Joe has broken his leg. Describe the interrelationship between the physical and mental dimensions of HWB with reference to this scenario. Dimension Dimension 1 2  INTERRELATIONSHIP QUESTIONS TYPE 2 - Describing the interrelationships between MULTIPLE dimensions. To do this you need to Start with one dimension ( and one aspect of it), continue with how it impacts a second dimension (again, mentioning a key aspect), then a third etc. Depending on the marking scheme, it is usually a good idea to mention all of the dimensions if possible. Imagine this type of questions as a flowing river. (Eg How phys can impact social, can impact mental, etc) Class question: Joe has broken his leg. Describe the interrelationships that exist between dimensions of HWB with reference to this scenario. Dimension Dimension Dimensio Dimension Dimension 1 2 n3 4 5 ADVICE Chapter 1.8 Key Skills: – https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=33529 Type 1: – Make links between 2 dimensions only, using specific and appropriate aspects within those dimensions (building relationships for social hwb, or expressing a range of emotions for emotional) – The links you make need to relate to each other. Think carefully before you form a response. Type 2: – Bounce from one dimension to the next, using relevant links to dimensions and appropriate aspects. – You do not have to mention ALL 5 dimensions. You can bounce from physical>mental>social>physical>mental if you want! Whatever is easiest for you. Some dimensions may have multiple, easy links for you. Whereas others may be more difficult. Play to your strengths.  LINKS TO STUDY DESIGN Key Knowledge concepts of health and wellbeing (including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions) and illness, and the dynamic and subjective nature of these concepts benefits of optimal health and wellbeing and its importance as a resource individually, nationally and globally prerequisites for health as determined by the WHO including peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity Key Skills explain the dynamic and subjective nature of the concepts of health and wellbeing and illness describe interrelationships between dimensions of health and wellbeing explain the individual and collective importance of health and wellbeing as a resource describe global benefits of the pursuit of optimal health and wellbeing identify the WHO’s prerequisites for health and explain their links to improved health outcomes OPTIMAL HWB What does this mean? Does optimal mean being free from illness and disease, or is it more than that? Remember our aspects relate to what optimal hwb looks and feels like for each dimension.  OPTIMAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING AS A RESOURCE (WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?) Having optimal HWB enables and allows certain things to happen/occur – it increases the capacity to do/ achieve certain things - this is how HWB acts as a resource Sub the word resource out for ‘benefit’ for your understanding… if our hwb is optimal (at its peak) then how does that benefit us at an individual, national, or global level? Key Skill EXPLAINED https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=33529 HWB AS AN INDIVIDUAL RESOURCE Having optimal health and wellbeing increases the capacity of the individual to do all of these things. In other words, if our hwb is at an optimal level, we can do more of these things, more of the time! If our hwb is poor, or being impacted negatively, it will impact our ability to do these things (such as work, sleep well, spend time with friends, etc) KEY SKILL - INDIVIDUAL HWB AS RESOURCE Exam Style Question: Q – Discuss how optimal HWB can act as a resource for Individuals (4 marks) “If optimal HWB is being achieved, individuals may have see improvements in the social dimension of health and wellbeing. With an increase in the formation of meaningful friendships an individual will be able to spend time with these friends, which will increase their leisure time and work towards their purpose in life, due to increased confidence “ (2 marks) “Further, optimal HWB would mean that an individual may be experiencing higher levels of mental HWB. Lower levels of stress and anxiety within an individual contributes to reduced health care costs for the individual as they are less likely to have to contribute financially towards services that support mental health concerns..” (2 marks) “In this way, it can be seen how optimal HWB can act as a resource for an individual” Chapter 1.8 Key Skills: https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=33530 HWB AS A NATIONAL RESOURCE If all Australian’s are experiencing optimal (peak) hwb, then what are the flow on effects? We can see them here in the diagram. KEY SKILL - NATIONAL HWB AS A RESOURCE Exam Style Q: Q – Discuss how optimal HWB can act as a resource for Australia (4 marks) “If optimal HWB is being achieved nationally, we will expect improvements to have occurred in the physical dimension of health and wellbeing. With a decrease in disease and illness within Australia, there will be less absenteeism from work and a more productive workforce, contributing to enhancing the countries economy. “ (2 marks) “Further, optimal HWB would mean that more Australians are experiencing higher levels of mental HWB. Lower levels of stress and anxiety within the country contributes to health system savings as fewer people will be relying on services covered by Medicare that support mental health concerns..” (2 marks) HWB AS A GLOBAL RESOURCE If most of the countries in the world are experiencing optimal hwb, then what are the likely flow on effects of this? Remember, what are the BENEFITS of optimal hwb? KEY SKILL - GLOBAL HWB AS A RESOURCE Exam Style Q: Q – Discuss how optimal HWB can act as a resource on a global scale (4 marks) “If optimal HWB is being achieved globally, we will expect improvements to have occurred in the physical dimension of health and wellbeing. With a decrease in disease and illness across the globe, there will be a reduced risk of transmission of communicable diseases worldwide. “ (2 marks) “Further, optimal HWB would mean that more nations are experiencing higher levels of mental HWB. Lower levels of stress and anxiety within a population contributes to world peace and security. With low levels of stress and anxiety, the productivity of people increases and they are more likely to work and be able to afford resources required for a decent standard of living, therefore reducing the likelihood that they would need to resort to extreme or violent measures in order to attain these things.” (2 marks) “In this way, it can be seen how optimal HWB can act as a resource on a global scale”  LINKS TO STUDY DESIGN Key Knowledge concepts of health and wellbeing (including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions) and illness, and the dynamic and subjective nature of these concepts benefits of optimal health and wellbeing and its importance as a resource individually, nationally and globally prerequisites for health as determined by the WHO including peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity Key Skills explain the dynamic and subjective nature of the concepts of health and wellbeing and illness describe interrelationships between dimensions of health and wellbeing explain the individual and collective importance of health and wellbeing as a resource describe global benefits of the pursuit of optimal health and wellbeing identify the WHO’s prerequisites for health and explain their links to improved health outcomes THE OTTAWA CHARTER ’ S 9 PREREQUISITES FOR HEALTH  REMEMBERING THE PREREQUISITES FOR HEALTH Peace Stable Shelter ecosystem Education Sustainable Food resources Income Social justice Equity You have to be able to describe them and talk about how they improve Health and wellbeing. Key Skill Explained – (2.40 min) https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=33532 1.PEACE Description: Peace can be described as the absence of conflict Benefits of Peace: Decreased risk of premature death, serious injury, disability Peace leads to a reduction in levels of stress and anxiety Peace promotes preservation of infrastructure Peace allows for access to food and water Peace ensures governments can concentrate funding on education, healthcare, infrastructure, trade development, social security and governance Activity – Write down how to of the above points can improve a dimension of HWB 2. SHELTER Description: Structures that provide protection from the outside environment Benefits of shelter: – protection from weather – privacy – safety and security – reduced risk of disease – reduced stress and anxiety Discuss how shelter could promote a dimension of HWB 3. EDUCATION Benefits of education: Education empowers individuals Increased ability to earn an income Understand health promotion messages Exhibit healthy behaviours Find meaning and purpose in life Promotes economic development Individuals can afford resources such as food, shelter and healthcare promotes literacy and health literacy 4.FOOD Essential requirement for life and a basic human right Food security – the state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through local non-emergency sources (VicHealth) 5. INCOME Individual level = increases ability to afford resources (healthcare, recreation, transport and education) Income increases capacity of parents to send all children (including girls) to school Population level = increases capacity to provide social services and resources (public housing, education, healthcare, social security, infrastructure, recreation facilities and law and order) 6. A STABLE ECOSYSTEM Description: A Stable ecosystem is when balance is achieved between the environment and the species that live in that environment A balanced ecosystem means resources are available for human use and can regenerate as quickly as they are required = SUSTAINABLE 7. SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES Description : Ensuring the resources used to promote HWB in the present are available for future generations, so they too can experience a good quality of life SUSTAINABILITY = “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” Resources such as energy production, food and water supply, employment, housing and healthcare must be sustainable if current health and wellbeing is to be maintained Non-sustainable examples: 1) coal 2)gas 3)oil **slow to regenerate Sustainable examples 1) Power - solar and wind. 2)food  fish farms (prevent over fishing in natural environment). 8. SOCIAL JUSTICE Description: Equal (same) rights for all, regardless of personal traits such as sex, class, income, ethnicity, religion, age or sexual orientation Social justice = when all have access to – Formal education – Meaningful employment and fair pay – Adequate shelter – Social security – Food and water – Healthcare – Recreation and leisure – Community participation 9. EQUITY Description: Equity relates to a need for fairness in relation to an acceptable quality and standard of living. It means that disadvantaged groups are targeted to improve their quality of life and achieve minimum standards of living. Eg: “If you need more, you get more” Social Justice/equality = sameness Equity = fairness CHAPTER 1.8 KEY SKILL https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=33 532 ACTIVITIES TO CONSOLIDATE https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=42404 Exam Extended response explained (2 min) https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=17024 Send this link to students in teams to complete a definition drag and drop activity –login details required, so students need to have their own login sorted. https://content2.learnon.com.au/player?isbn=9780730393474&assetid=17023Send this link to students in teams to complete a definition drag and drop activity –login details required, so students need to have their own login sorted. The 9 Prerequisites board relay/ dimensions of HWB board relay I have/ Who has card game https://play.kahoot.it/v2/?quizId=c00aaccc-c512-424b-af6a-f71101d06df0 Whole chapter 1 (20 Q’s https://play.kahoot.it/v2/?quizId=a5a6beaa-5d84-48e4-93dc-632f9f2be78d Prerequisites (11 Q’s)