Chapter 1 2 PDF

Chapter One History polymer they come from petrolume humanhadaccessto limitedmateiralsthoseoccur naturally stone woodclay skins...

Chapter One History polymer they come from petrolume humanhadaccessto limitedmateiralsthoseoccur naturally stone woodclay skins properties ofmaterials couldbealteredbyheat tempreture addition ofothersubstance automobilesexistsbecause of inexpensivesteel sophisticated electronicdevicesrelyon components that are madefromsemiconductingmaterials classification Nomenclature Matter mixture puresubstance Airbronze nineteenth a element jusfiberglass compound element H2oCo2city H Hz 02 Classification Metals steel aluminum gold iron mg tough conductelectricity note oxidecarbidenitride onanymetal is ceramics jiaÉs Porcelain ceramics crusheasly brittle polymers plastic rubber petrolumwaste note flexibetty strech Rightsideof periodic table composites bone wood fiberglass Ément onecomponentgivestrenghandtheothergivefilling onematury and the other reinfo matrix  fusalage int I nose stang sharp iiii.iei i i ceramicfiberreinforcement note polymer fiber glass fg arbonfiberccsgfggef.se polymar lightweight tn7aintha9strEngth Boat Building madefromglassfiber reinforcement polymars Materials for engineering applications note materialscientist todevelop orsynthesizenewmaterials Design performance construction materialengineer creatnew choiseofmaterial productorsystemusingexisting materialsor todeveloptechnique choices are based on properties solid materials forprocessingmaterials Mechanical deformation to applied load or force Ex elasticmodulusstiffness strength resistance to fracture Electrical conductingelectricity and dielectric constant Thermal heatexchangerthermalyconducting Ex thermal expansion and heat capacity Magnetic response of material to application ofmagneticfield common magnatic properties include magnetic susceptibility and magnetization optical Transparent electromagnetic or light radiation index of refraction and reflectivity note are representative optical properties humanbeing are transparentto Ray Deteriorative longtermbehavior materialsmightchange or break after ion time and related to chemical reactivity of materials Ex corrosion resistance of metals  structure depends on processing structure ofmaterial relatedto arrangement of it's internalcomponent structure elementclassified on size andthere are 5 levels Subatomic involve electrons within individual atoms theirenergiesand interaction with nuclei Hoyonthey stronghard soft Atomic related to organization of atoms to yield molecules or crystals mon P csameatom can have differentproperties carbon diamond Nanostructure aggregates of atoms thatformparticles nanoparticles that have nanoscale dimension lessthat about100nm microscopic arrangment of small grains of material that can be identifed by microscopy Macroscopic structural element that viewed with nakedeye structure processing properties hardness vs structure of steel properties depend on structure processing can change structure classification Metals iron Aluminum copper titanium gold nickle composed of 1 ormore metalic andor flints Densepacking of atoms ccDensity of atom from perodictable stiffstrong and ductileand resistance to fracturecchard tobend magneticproperties conductors of and and not transparent trasterby heat fat vibrationphonone ceramic aluminum oxide silicon oxide silicon carbide siliconnitride compound of metallic andnon metallic elements oxide nitrides and carbides metal d notconduct stiff szong like metals but very brittle metal carbide conduct e insulator of head and electricity  1 polymers plastic rubber organic compound of bon hidden and other nonmetalic elements long carbonchains polypropylene.fi etnyiene rubber very lowdensity not verystiffand strong as compared to metals and ceramics easily formed into shape low conductivity composites onestrongerthanother one provide reinforcement and the other composed of 2 or more individual materials provide bonding achive a combination of properties that is not displayed by any single material common and familiar composites is fiberglass CFRP  Advance materials semiconductors it is likeswitch it can be conductedelectrsity like metal or insulator like ceramics andpolymers Biomaterials matirals that can be implanted into the bodyandgrow or interact with tissue smart materials shapememoryalloys piezoelectric ceramics magnetostrictive material Nano materials materials havingdimensions at nano scale