Chapter 04_Practice Questions.docx

Chapter 4: THE SCIENCE OF GENETICS Practice Questions Define the Following Terms dominant recessive alleles homozygous heterozygous genetics phenotype genotype DNA hybrid heterosis True or False Gregor Mendel developed the first workable theory of the transfer of inherited traits. Each chromosome se...

Chapter 4: THE SCIENCE OF GENETICS Practice Questions Define the Following Terms dominant recessive alleles homozygous heterozygous genetics phenotype genotype DNA hybrid heterosis True or False Gregor Mendel developed the first workable theory of the transfer of inherited traits. Each chromosome segment that controls a trait is called an allele. An allele is responsible for passing on characteristics of an organism. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cystine are nitrogen bases. RNA forms a blueprint for how an animal or plant is to be constructed. Plant breeding has been useful only in recent history. All new varieties of plants developed are released to producers. Characteristics developed as a result of the environment are known as the organism’s genotype. The phenotype of an organism is due in part to the genetic makeup. Recessive genes will never express themselves. The physical characteristics of a plant or animal is called the phenotype Hybrid vigor is also known as heterosis. A new variety of hybrid corn usually takes about three years to develop. Using pollen from the same plant will preserve the genetic purity of the plant. All cattle breeds are the same species. Fill in the Blank Punnett developed the _____________________ that can be used to show possible combinations for a particular trait. Genes that possess one dominant allele and one recessive allele are called _____________________. The letters DNA stand for _____________________. Cells that have paired chromosomes are referred to as having a _____________________ number of chromosomes. The molecules forming DNA are in a coiled spiral called a _____________________. The letters “RNA” are short for _____________________. About _____________________ of a pig’s birthweight is due to genetics. The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring is called _____________________. Mendel developed the law of _____________________ and the law of _____________________. The genetic composition of an individual plant or animal is called the _____________________. Each gene carries _____________________ alleles. Chromosomes divide in a process called _____________________.