Chapter_01.pdf

ITCE 101: Computer Technologies Chapter 1: Computers and You Content based on Computers Are Your Future Book Twelfth Edition Objectives  Define the word computer and name the four basic operations that a computer performs.  Describe the two main components of a computer system: hardware and...

ITCE 101: Computer Technologies Chapter 1: Computers and You Content based on Computers Are Your Future Book Twelfth Edition Objectives  Define the word computer and name the four basic operations that a computer performs.  Describe the two main components of a computer system: hardware and software.  Provide examples of hardware devices that handle input, processing, output, and storage tasks.  Give an example of the information processing cycle in action.  Discuss the two major categories and the various types of computers.  Explain the advantages and disadvantages of computer use.  Recognize the ethical and societal impacts of computer usage.  Discuss how computers affect employment.  List ways to be a responsible computer user. ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 2 Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow  Computers become:  Integral to our daily lives  Millions use computers daily  Applications of computers: Computers can be used in:  Education Home  Health School  Government work  Communication  Banking Embedded into: Cars  Entertainments Phones  Business Cameras  Research Toys Give examples ? ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 3 Computers: Before and After  Before computers:  No telephone answering machines  No handheld calculators  No fax machines  No personal computers  People should:  Write letters by hand or with a typewriter  Kept track of data and numbers in ledgers  Communicated in person or over the telephone  Now, after having computers:  Today, it’s becoming difficult to find an activity that doesn’t involve computers, technology, and sharing information ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 4 Computer Fundamentals  What is Computer: It is a device that performs the information-processing cycle  Information-processing cycle  Consists of four basic operations:  Input  Processing  Output  Storage ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 5 Computer Fundamentals – Processing cycle Input is the action of receiving data— raw facts. Processing is the manipulation done on the input by a program (instructions), to convert the input (data) into information (data converted into a meaningful form). Output is the actual displaying of the information, the processed data. This would be placing the average below the column of grades in the Excel worksheet, or confirming the entry of a valid ID. Storage is saving the information for later use ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 6 Information Processing cycle example ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 7  Computer Fundamentals Computer system is a group of associated components that work together: Hardware & Software  Hardware: Which includes all the physical parts of the computer and its related devices as the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and printer.  Software: All the programs that give the computer its instruction and perform the four basic operation to accomplish a task ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 8 Computer Fundamentals - Software Program: is a set of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform an operation on the input data in the processing phase of the information processing cycle.  System software: is the collection of programs written and configured to provide the infrastructure, basic services, and hardware control that let other programs function properly.  Examples of system software include operating system, system utility programs that aid in system maintenance, such as backup programs, cleanup tools, and antivirus software  Application software: is sitting on top of the operating system and provide instructions that direct the computer’s hardware to perform a task for the user.  Examples of: word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, e-mail, Web browser, and communication software ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 9 Information processing cycle  Input  First operation of the information- processing cycle, enables the computer to accept data  Data:  Facts that are raw and unorganized  Entered into the computer for processing through the use of input devices such as a keyboard or mouse ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 10 Information processing cycle  Processing: It is the second operation of the information-processing cycle, converts data into information  Information refers to consolidated, organized, processed data.  The central processing unit (CPU) processes data into information.  Random access memory (RAM) temporarily stores programs and data needed by the CPU. ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 11 Information processing cycle  Output Third operation of the information-processing cycle, requires output devices, such as monitors and printers to display results for people to see or hear ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 12 Information processing cycle  Storage  Fourth operation of the information-processing cycle, holds programs, software, and data that the computer system uses  Storage devices  Hard drives, CD and DVD drives, and media card readers—used with USB drives and flash memory cards ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 13 Information Processing cycle example ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 14 Types of Computers – Number  of users Computers can be separated into two main types based on the number of users:  Individual —designed for one user at a time (Client)  Organization (Server)—designed to be used by many people at the same time (allow them to access hardware, programs, or data) This will allow us to build network-based structure called  Client/server network ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 15  Types of Computers - Size  Computers can be separated into two main types based on the size:  Supercomputer: able to perform extremely high-speed processing and show underlying patterns Servers  Mainframe: very large processing jobs to meet the needs of large companies or agencies of the government  Miniframe or Minicomputer: designed to meet the needs of smaller companies or businesses  Microcomputer or PC: It is a general-purpose computer that is designed Individua for individual use (Desktop, laptops, smartphones, tablets etc.)  Workstation: It is a single user computer that is designed for technical l or scientific applications (faster CPU, Big RAM, high speed GPU) ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 16 Types of Computers – Data type  Computers can be separated into two main types based on the type of data can handle:  Digital Computers: It is designed to perform operations at high speed. It accepts the raw data in the form of binary numbers (0 and 1) and processes it with programs stored in its memory to produce the output.  Analogue Computers: It is designed to process analogue data. No conversion to digital is needed.  Hybrid computers: It has features of both analogue and digital computers ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 17 Social Networking  Examples of Web-based applications:  Internet messaging (IM) and video conferencing.  Social networks apps: Facebook, Twitter (X), Instagram etc.  Collaborative work: Google Docs, Teams, GitHub, Wiki, ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 18 Computer Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages:  Speed and accuracy: Computers can complete tasks quickly and with high accuracy.  Storage: Computers can store huge amounts of data in a small space.  Connectivity: Computers allow us to connect and communicate with people around the world.  Automation: Computers can automate tedious tasks.  Multitasking: Computers can handle multiple tasks at once.  Reliability: Computers can perform the same sort of work repeatedly without throwing up errors ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 19 Computer Advantages and Disadvantages Disadvantages:  Cost: Computers can be quite expensive.  Security & Privacy concerns: Hackers can access computers and steal sensitive information.  Maintenance: Computers require regular maintenance and upgrades.  Human error: Computers can be exposed to human error and.  Social isolation: Overuse of computers can lead to a lack of social interaction.  Reduction in employed opportunity: Computers to replace people ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 20 Computer related vocabularies  Computer ethics: Moral dilemmas relating to computer usage  Digital piracy: Unauthorized reproduction and distribution of computer-based media  Unethical behavior: Sending viruses, stealing credit card information, computer stalking, and installing illegitimate copies of software on computers  Automation: Replacement of people by machines and computers  Outsourcing: Subcontracting of portions of a job to a third party to reduce cost, time, and energy.  E-learning: Learning without requiring students to be at a specific location at a specific time ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 21 Computer software bugs  Software programs bugs: software flaws  Errors cause programs to run slowly or miscalculate.  Bugs are almost impossible to eliminate completely.  Solution:  Upgrade software to obtain the latest software features and updates ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 22 When using computer hardware:  Do not plug too many devices into electrical outlets.  Use surge protectors.  Place hardware where it can’t fall or be damaged.  Provide adequate space for air circulation around hardware.  Securely fasten computer cables, cords, and wires. ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 23 Promote safety and comfort  Position top of your monitor at eye level  Tilt the monitor back 10 to 20 degrees  Place it at least 20” from your eyes  Keep your wrists flat—use a wrist rest if needed  Rest your eyes often by focusing on an object 20 or more feet away  Stand and stretch periodically ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 24 Research-based Learning  Conduct a research to identify and explore the following related keywords: 1. Smart Devices 2. Internet of Things (IoT) 3. Troubleshooting 4. Remote Access 5. Cloud computing ITCE 101: Computer Technologies 09/09/2024 25