Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques 6th Edition Chapter 1 PDF

Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 1...

Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 1 ___________________________________ Dental Radiography: ___________________________________ Principles and Techniques ___________________________________ Sixth Edition ___________________________________ Joen M. Iannucci, DDS, MS Laura Jansen Howerton, RDH, MS ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 1 ___________________________________ Slide 2 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Radiation History ___________________________________ Chapter 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 2 ___________________________________ Slide 3 Lesson 1.1 ___________________________________ Radiation History (1 of 2) ___________________________________ 1. Define the key terms associated with dental radiation. 2. Summarize the importance of dental images. ___________________________________ 3. List the uses of dental images. 4. Summarize the discovery of x-radiation. ___________________________________ 5. Recognize the pioneers in dental x-radiation and their contributions and discoveries. 6. List the highlights in the history of x-ray ___________________________________ equipment and film. ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 3 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 4 Lesson 1.1 ___________________________________ Radiation History (2 of 2) ___________________________________ 7. List the highlights in the history of dental radiographic techniques. 8. List the highlights in the history of digital ___________________________________ imaging. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 4 ___________________________________ Slide 5 ___________________________________ Introduction ___________________________________  Purpose To introduce basic dental imaging terms To detail the importance of dental images ___________________________________ To review the history of x-radiation ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 5 ___________________________________ Slide 6 Dentistry and X-Radiation: ___________________________________ Basic Terminology (1 of 5) ___________________________________  Radiation Energy carried by waves or streams of particles  X-radiation ___________________________________ High-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube ___________________________________  X-ray A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on ___________________________________ photographic film ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 6 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 7 Dentistry and X-Radiation: ___________________________________ Basic Terminology (2 of 5) ___________________________________  Radiology Radiology is the science or study of radiation as used in medicine; a branch of medical science ___________________________________ that deals with the use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 7 ___________________________________ Slide 8 Dentistry and X-Radiation: ___________________________________ Basic Terminology (3 of 5) ___________________________________  Radiograph This is a picture (visible photographic record) on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an ___________________________________ object or body; also called x-ray film. In practice, often called an “x-ray”; this is not correct. X-ray (also x ray) is a term that refers to a beam of ___________________________________ energy  Dental radiograph A photographic image produced on film by the ___________________________________ passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 8 ___________________________________ Slide 9 Dentistry and X-Radiation: ___________________________________ Basic Terminology (4 of 5) ___________________________________  Radiography The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of film to x-rays ___________________________________  Dental radiography The production of radiographs of the teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of film to x- ___________________________________ rays Dental radiographer  Any person who positions, exposes, and ___________________________________ processes x-ray film ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 9 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 10 Dentistry and X-Radiation: ___________________________________ Basic Terminology (5 of 5) ___________________________________  Image A picture or likeness of an object  Image receptor ___________________________________ A recording medium; examples include x-ray film, phosphor plate, or digital sensor  Imaging, dental ___________________________________ The creation of digital, print, or film representations of anatomic structures for the purpose of diagnosis ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 10 ___________________________________ Slide 11 ___________________________________ Importance of Dental Images ___________________________________  In dentistry, dental images enable the dental professional to identify many conditions that may otherwise go undetected and to see ___________________________________ conditions that cannot be identified clinically  Detection is one of the most important uses of ___________________________________ dental images ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 11 ___________________________________ Slide 12 ___________________________________ Uses of Dental Images ___________________________________  Detect lesions  Confirm or classify suspected disease  Localize lesions or foreign objects ___________________________________  Provide information during dental procedures  Evaluate growth and development ___________________________________  Illustrate changes secondary to caries, periodontal disease, trauma  Document the condition of a patient ___________________________________  Aid in development of a clinical treatment plan ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 12 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 13 ___________________________________ Roentgen and the Discovery of X-Rays ___________________________________  Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen―1895 Roentgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes and fluorescent screens ___________________________________ – He noticed the screens were glowing even though they were several feet from the tube – He determined that some mysterious ray was causing the screens to glow ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 13 ___________________________________ Slide 14 ___________________________________ Earlier Experimentation (1 of 2) ___________________________________  Heinrich Geissler―1838 Built the first vacuum tube  Johann Hittorf―1870 ___________________________________ Used the vacuum tube to study fluorescence ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 14 ___________________________________ Slide 15 ___________________________________ Earlier Experimentation (2 of 2) ___________________________________  William Crookes―Late 1870s Discovered that cathode rays were streams of charged particles ___________________________________  Philip Lenard―1894 Discovered that cathode rays could penetrate a thin window of aluminum foil ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 15 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 16 ___________________________________ Pioneers in Dental X-Radiation (1 of 2) ___________________________________  Otto Walkhoff―1895 Made the first dental radiograph  W.J. Morton―1895 ___________________________________ Made the first radiograph using a skull C. Edmund Kells―1896  Exposed the first dental radiograph in the United ___________________________________ States using a live person ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 16 ___________________________________ Slide 17 ___________________________________ Pioneers in Dental X-Radiation (2 of 2) ___________________________________  William H. Rollins Developed the first dental x-ray unit  Frank VanWoert ___________________________________ First to use film in intraoral radiography  Howard Riley Raper Established the first college course in radiography ___________________________________ for dental students ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 17 ___________________________________ Slide 18 ___________________________________ History of Dental X-Ray Equipment ___________________________________  William Coolidge―1913 Developed the first hot cathode x-ray tube  Victor X-Ray Corporation―1923 ___________________________________ Oil immersion of the tubehead 1957  Variable kVp machine ___________________________________  1966 Recessed long-beam tubehead ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 18 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 19 ___________________________________ History of Dental X-Ray Film ___________________________________  1896 to 1913 Hand-wrapped glass photographic plates or film  Eastman Kodak―1913 ___________________________________ Manufactured prewrapped intraoral film ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 19 ___________________________________ Slide 20 History of Dental ___________________________________ Radiographic Techniques (1 of 2) ___________________________________  C. Edmund Kells―1896 Introduced paralleling technique  Weston Price―1904 ___________________________________ Bisecting technique  Howard Riley Raper―1925 Refined original bisecting technique and ___________________________________ introduced the bitewing technique ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 20 ___________________________________ Slide 21 History of Dental ___________________________________ Radiographic Techniques (2 of 2) ___________________________________  F. Gordon Fitzgerald―1947 Introduction of the long-cone paralleling technique  Hisatugu Numata―1933 ___________________________________ First to expose a panoramic radiograph Yrjo Paatero  Experimented with a slit beam of radiography, ___________________________________ intensifying screens, and rotational techniques ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 21 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 22 History of Dental ___________________________________ Digital Imaging ___________________________________  Radiographs have been produced using radiographic film for well over a century  Traditional radiography is being replaced by ___________________________________ digital imaging  Digital imaging allows for instant and easy ___________________________________ transmission of images and electronic storage  1987: First intraoral imaging sensor  1989: An article describing direct digital imaging ___________________________________ technology published in U.S. dental literature ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 22 ___________________________________ Slide 23 History of Three- ___________________________________ Dimensional Imaging ___________________________________  1999: Cone-beam computed tomography was introduced to dentistry; allows for viewing of oral structures in three dimensions ___________________________________  This type of extraoral imaging allows for diagnosis of disease and image guidance of ___________________________________ surgical procedures ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 23 ___________________________________ Slide 24 History of Oral and Maxillofacial ___________________________________ Radiology Education ___________________________________  In 1999, American Dental Association (ADA) recognizes its ninth specialty program: Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (OMFR) ___________________________________ Provides advanced training in radiology of the oral and maxillofacial region Two to 3 year residency term after completion of ___________________________________ dental school, followed by an international board examination ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 24 ___________________________________  Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition Chapter 1 Student Handout Slide 25 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Questions? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 25 ___________________________________