Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences PDF

Chapter 1 Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences 1  Objectives (1 of 2)  Explain the use of radiation in medicine.  Provide an overview of the history of medicine.  Describe the discovery of x-rays.  Define terms related t...

Chapter 1 Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences 1  Objectives (1 of 2)  Explain the use of radiation in medicine.  Provide an overview of the history of medicine.  Describe the discovery of x-rays.  Define terms related to radiologic technology and the other radiologic and imaging sciences.  Explain the career opportunities within the professions of radiologic and imaging sciences. 2  Objectives (2 of 2)  Identify the various specialties within a radiologic and imaging sciences departments.  Describe the typical responsibilities of the members of the radiologic and imaging sciences team.  Explain the career-ladder opportunities within radiologic and imaging sciences.  Discuss the roles of other members of the health care team. 3 Radiologic and Imaging Sciences  Medical radiation sciences use energy to create images of the human body.  Various energy forms may be used depending upon the application.  Some energies create ionizations in human tissue.  Energies that are used are kept at safe levels for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. 4  Energy Forms for Imaging  Electromagnetic  X-rays (ionizing)  Radio waves  Sound  Medical sonography See Figure 1.3 in the textbook  Electrical for more information  Electrocardiography  Heat (thermal)  Thermography  Magnetic  Magnetic resonance imaging  Nuclear  Gamma radiation FIG. 1-4 The first radiograph was an image of Wilhelm Röntgen’s wife’s hand. 5 Electromagnetic Energy Plays an Important Role in Radiologic and Imaging Sciences See Figure 1.1 in the textbook for more information Placement on the spectrum is related to FIG. 1-1 The electromagnetic spectrum. frequency and wavelength 6  Radiography  Uses electromagnetic energy in the form of X-rays to create medical images. See Figure 1.2 in the textbook  This energy creates for more information ionizations which create the medical image as well as potentially harming living tissue.  Competent radiography requires safe use of electromagnetic energies. 7  Diagnostic Medical Sonography  Sound is a form of mechanical energy  Uses high-frequency See Figure 1.10 in the textbook for more sound energy to information create medical images.  Non-ionizing.  Has a wide variety Credentialing in medical sonography is of medical available through formal education and applications. training. 8  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Uses the energy of high-strength magnetic fields and See Figure 1.11 in the radio waves to textbook for more create images of the information human body.  Non-ionizing imaging modality. 9  CT Scanning  Uses X-ray energy and sophisticated software to create cross- sectional See Figure 1.9 in the images of the human textbook for more body. information  Acquires hundreds of views of patient anatomy, as the X-ray tube and CT detector rotate around the patient. CT technologists have advanced education and training. 10  Nuclear Medicine  Uses the nuclear energy of the atom to create medical images. See Figure 1.7 in the  Energy form is gamma textbook for more radiation. information  Uses radioactive isotopes to create gamma radiation.  Radiopharmaceuticals administered to patients to assess physiological Nuclear medicine technology requires functioning. advanced education. 11  Cardiovascular Interventional Technology (CVIT)  Uses X-rays to visualize human blood vessels and heart anatomy.  Requires the use of a See Figure 1.6 in the catheter and the textbook for more information injection of X-ray contrast material to visualize anatomy.  Procedures performed in a sterile, angiography Cardiovascular interventional lab. technologists work closely with angiographers 12  Radiation Therapy  Uses very-high-energy ionizing radiation to treat malignant tumors See Figure 1.8 in the (cancer). textbook for more information  Radiation therapists work with other Oncology Team members to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Radiation therapists work with  Radiation oncology medical dosimetrists to calculate  Medical oncology and administer treatment plans. 13  History of Medicine  Timeline goes back 5000 years.  Hippocrates considered the “Father of Western Medicine”.  Scientific method applied to medicine in 17th century.  Louis Pasteur discovered the role of germs in disease process.  Antibiotics and vaccines discovered in 20th century.  Human genetic code (DNA) discovered in mid-20th century. 14  History of Radiology  Discovered by Wilhelm C. Röntgen.  November 8, 1895. See Figure 1.4 in the textbook for more  Received Nobel. information Prize in Physics in 1901.  First known X-ray image is of wife’s hand. 15  American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)  Provides credentialing in many areas of the radiologic and imaging sciences:  Primary and post-primary pathways  15 disciplines  Headquarters in Minneapolis, MN.  www.arrt.org  Founded in 1922  Internationally recognized.  Continuing Education requirements to ensure competency.  CQR 16  ARRT Credentials  Bone Densitometry (BD)  Quality Management (QM)  Breast Sonography (BS)  Nuclear Medicine  Cardiac Interventional Technology (N) Radiography (CI)  Radiation Therapy (T)  Cardio-vascular  Radiography (R) Interventional (CV)  Registered Radiologist  Computed Tomography Assistant (R.R.A.) (CT)  Sonography (S)  Magnetic Resonance  Vascular Sonography (VS) Imaging (MR)  Vascular Interventional  Mammography (M) Radiography (VI) 17  Radiologic and Imaging Sciences as a Career  Offers a wide variety of career paths.  Clinical Practice Standards for Radiography:  Developed by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT).  Often begins with a general radiography background.  R.T.(R)(ARRT)  Specialty areas require additional education and certification.  Career opportunities are nearly limitless and demand initiative and a desire for professional success. 18  Career Opportunities  Credentialed specialties.  Radiology administration:  CRA See Figure 1.5 in  Education the textbook for  Research more information  Commercial entities:  Sales  Applications  Service  Biomedical engineering 19  Radiology  Can be referred to by a number of different names:  Radiology  X-ray  Medical imaging  Diagnostic Services  Imaging Services  Imaging  Predominantly a diagnostic service that focuses on imaging of patients to diagnose their medical condition. 20  Health Care Team  Team members:  Physicians Medical Doctor (MD) Doctor of Osteopathy (DO)  Nurses  Allied health personnel  Supporting members Non-clinical  Most health careers are referred to as allied health.  Hospitals are “communities within communities.” 21  Conclusion  X-rays were discovered by W.C. Röntgen in 1895.  Medical imaging consists of many diagnostic areas involving energy and particularly electromagnetic, radiant energy.  Radiologic and Imaging Science professionals perform as essential members of a health care team.  Career opportunities are many and demand initiative and a desire for professional success. 22