Chapter 12 to 15 Biology Notes PDF

Chapter 12 Transgenic Animals Applications Transgenic mice – myc & ras genes Cancer research Holstein Cow Earlier, 2000 litres milk Now, 8000-10,000 litres o...

Chapter 12 Transgenic Animals Applications Transgenic mice – myc & ras genes Cancer research Holstein Cow Earlier, 2000 litres milk Now, 8000-10,000 litres of milk Transgenic chicken Earlier 70 eggs; Now 250 eggs Transgenic cattle Therapeutic proteins ; lactoferrin, Beta-casein, antibodies, thromboplastin Transgenic sheep – cys E & cys M amino acids Increased Keratin protein- Better Wool yield. Transgenic Pig Xenotransplantation Transgenic fish Tolerant, resistant and Economic value. Chapter 13 Ecology : It was first used by Reiter but popularized by E. Haeckel Chapter 14 Self Sustainance of ecosystem – 4 Processes: 1. Productivity – Photosynthesis (Conversion inorganic to organic chemicals) and Primary Consumer’s activity 2. Decomposition & Mineralization – Breakdown of Dead organic matter 3. Nutrient Cycling – Deposition of nutrients for autotrophs 4. Energy Flow – Unidirectional; i.e, from producers to consumers. Chapter 15  Biodiversity – Coined by Walter Rosen & Popularized by Edward Wilson. (Interspecific diversity) Rauwolfia Reserpine vomitoria (Africa) (Intraspecific diversity) var. serpentia (India)  Rs. 249/- Only for MOCK TEST SERIES 10 Full length Biology Mock Tests – 1000 PYQs 19 Chapter-wise MOCK Tests : 15 Chapters (Class 12th) + 4 Chapters (Class 11th) → Per chapter 20 PYQs Thank you !