Chap001 Bank.ppt

Chapter One An Overview of the Changing Financial-Services Sector McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Key Topics Powerful Forces Reshaping the Industry What Is a Bank?...

Chapter One An Overview of the Changing Financial-Services Sector McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Key Topics Powerful Forces Reshaping the Industry What Is a Bank? The Financial System and Competing Financial- Service Institutions Old and New Services Offered to the Public Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service Firms Appendix: Career Opportunities in Banking and Financial Services McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-2  Introduction An old joke says, “a banks is a financial institution where you can borrow money only if you can prove you don’t need it.” Indeed, the banks provide hundreds of different services to millions of people, businesses, and governments all over the world. Theses services are vital to our well-being and the well-being of the communities and nations where we live. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-3  Introduction (continued) Banks are the principal source of credit (loanable funds) for millions of individuals and families and for many units of government. Worldwide banks grant more installment loans to consumers (individuals and families) than any other financial-service provider. Banks are among the most important sources of short-term working capital for businesses and become increasingly active in recent years in making long-term loans to fund the new investments. The assets held by U.S. banks represent about one-fifth of the total assets. ▫ In other nations banks hold half or more of all assets in the financial system McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-4  What Is a Bank? The banking institutions are important to the economy as a whole and to the communities, but there is still confusion about the exact definition of a bank. A bank can be defined in terms of: 1. The economic functions it performs. 2. The services it offers its customers. 3. The legal basis for its existence. Historically, banks have been recognized for the great range of financial services they offer ▫ Bank service menus are expanding rapidly today to include investment banking, insurance protection, financial planning, advice for merging companies, the sale of risk-management services to businesses and consumers, and numerous other innovative financial products. Banks no longer limit their services offerings to traditional services but have become general financial-services providers. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-5  EXHIBIT 1-1 The Many Different Kinds of Financial-Service Firms Calling Themselves Banks McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-6  What Is a Bank? (continued) Money-Centered Banks vs. Community Banks ▫ Money-center banks: ▫ Industry leaders. ▫ Cover whole regions, nations, and continents. ▫ Offer the widest possible menu of financial services. ▫ Acquire smaller businesses. ▫ Face tough global competition. ▫ Community banks: ▫ Much smaller. ▫ Service local communities and towns. ▫ Offer a narrower, but often more personalized, menu of financial services. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-7  What Is a Bank? (continued) The Legal Basis for Banking ▫ A bank is any business offering deposits subject to withdrawal on demand and making loans of a commercial or business nature. ▫ Congress then defined a bank as any institution that could qualify for deposit insurance administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-8  The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service Institutions Roles of the Financial System ▫ The primary purpose of the financial system is to encourage saving and to transfer those savings to individuals and institutions planning to invest and needing credit to do so. ▫ This process of encouraging savings and transforming savings into investment spending causes the economy to grow, new jobs to be created, and living standards to rise. ▫ The financial system also provides a variety of supporting services: ▫ Payment services (such as checks, credit & debit cards, and interactive websites). ▫ Risk protection services (including insurance policies and derivatives contracts). ▫ Liquidity services (making it possible to convert property into immediately available spending power). ▫ Credit services (for those who need loans to supplement their income). McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-9  The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service Institutions (continued) The Competitive Challenge for Banks ▫ Lately, the financial market share that banking comprised has fallen as other financial institutions have moved in to fight for the same turf. ▫ Some authorities in the financial-services field fear that this apparent erosion of market share may imply that traditional banking is dying. ▫ Other experts counter that banking is not dying but changing by offering new services and changing its form. ▫ The banking industry’s largest customers have found ways around banks to obtain the funds that they need (such as by borrowing in the open market). ▫ Perhaps the traditional measures of the industry’s importance (like the size as captured by total assets) no longer reflect how truly divers and competitive bankers have become in the modern world. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-10  The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service Institutions (continued) McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-11  The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service Institutions (continued) Leading Competitors with Banks ▫ Savings Associations ▫ Credit Unions ▫ Fringe Banks ▫ Money Market Funds ▫ Mutual Funds (Investment Companies) ▫ Hedge Funds ▫ Security Brokers and Dealers ▫ Investment Banks ▫ Finance Companies ▫ Financial Holding Companies ▫ Life and Property/Casualty Insurance Companies McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-12  The Many Different Roles Banks and Their Closest Competitors Play in Today’s Economy McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-13  Services Banks and Many of Their Closest Competitors Offer the Public Services Banks Have Offered for Centuries ▫ Carrying Out Currency Exchange. ▫ Discounting Commercial Notes and Making Business Loans ▫ Offering Savings Deposits. ▫ Safekeeping of Valuables and Certification of Value. ▫ Supporting Government Activities with Credit. ▫ Offering Checking Accounts (Demand Deposits). ▫ Offering Trust Services. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-14  Services Banks and Many of Their Closest Competitors Offer the Public (continued) Services Banks and Many of Their Financial-Service Competitors Began Offering in the Past Century ▫ Granting Consumer Loans ▫ Financial Advising ▫ Managing Cash ▫ Offering Equipment Leasing ▫ Making Venture Capital Loans ▫ Selling Insurance Policies ▫ Selling and Managing Retirement Plans ▫ Dealing in Securities: Offering Security Brokerage and Investment Banking Services ▫ Offering Mutual Funds, Annuities, and Other Investment Products ▫ Offering Merchant Banking Service ▫ Offering Risk Management and Hedging Services McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-15  Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service Firms – Crisis, Reform, and Change Service Proliferation Rising Competition Government Deregulation and then Reregulation Crisis, Reform, and Change in Banking and Financial Services An Increasingly Interest-Sensitive Mix of Funds Technological Change and Automation Consolidation and Geographic Expansion Convergence Globalization McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-16 Quick Quiz What is a bank? How does a bank differ from most other financial- service providers? Why are some banks reaching out to become one-stop financial- service conglomerates? Is this a good idea? Which businesses are banking’s closest and toughest competitors? What services do they offer that compete directly with banks’ services? What is happening to banking’s share of the financial marketplace and why? How have banking and the financial-services market changed in recent years? What powerful forces are shaping financial markets and institutions today? McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-17  Appendix: Career Opportunities in Banking and Financial Services What different kinds of professionals work inside financial firms? ▫ Loan Officers ▫ Credit Analysts ▫ Managers of Operations ▫ Branch Managers ▫ Systems Analyst ▫ Auditing and Control Personnel ▫ Trust Department Specialist ▫ Tellers McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-18  Appendix: Career Opportunities in Banking and Financial Services (continued) What different kinds of professionals work inside financial firms? ▫ Security Analysts and Traders ▫ Marketing Personnel ▫ Human Resources Managers ▫ Investment Banking Specialists ▫ Bank Examiners and Regulators ▫ Regulatory Compliance Officers ▫ Risk Management Specialists McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Bank Management and Financial Reserved. 1-19