Potential Of Physics PDF Chapter 8

//1// POTENTIAL OF PHYSICS Near of Agrasen Park, Jiwaji Ganj, Morena (M.P.) Mob. 8305084500 M.M. - 04 = 2 + 1 + 1 Unit - 5 Chapter -...

//1// POTENTIAL OF PHYSICS Near of Agrasen Park, Jiwaji Ganj, Morena (M.P.) Mob. 8305084500 M.M. - 04 = 2 + 1 + 1 Unit - 5 Chapter - 8 ¼fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs½ (Electro magnetic waves) iz-1 fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs fdls dgrs gS \ budh izd`fr rFkk fo'ks"krk;sa fyf[k;sA m- fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs %& os rjaxs tks fo|qr {ks=] rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= ds nksyuksa ls mRiUu gksrh gSA mUgsa fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs dgrs gSA rFkk ;s nksyu rjax lapj.k dh fn'kk ds yacor~ daiu djrs gSA rFkk fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa dh izd`fr vuqizLFk gksrh gSA rFkk budh pky dk lw= C = 1/ 00 gksrk gSA ] fo'ks"krk;sa %& 1- ;s rjaxs fo|qr {ks= rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= ds nksyuksa ls mRiUu gksrh gSA 2- ;s rjaxsa vuqizLFk gksrh gSA 3- bu rjaxksa dk osx izdk'k ds osx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ (3x108 m./sec.) 4- ;s rjaxs fuokZr~ esa xeu djrh gSA 5- ;s rjaxs /kzqo.k xq.k n'kkZrh gSA 6- bu rjaxksa esa ÅtkZ dk laosx gksrk gSA 7- ;s rjaxs ÅtkZ dk LFkkukarj.k djrh gSA iz-2 fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa dk laf{kIr bfrgkl le>kb;sA m- gVZt~ dk iz;kssx %& lu~ 1888 eas teZu ds oSKkfud gV~tZ us fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxska o izk;kSfxd izn'kZu fd;k vkSj mUgksus iz;ksx'kkyk esa S1 o S2 nks ihry dh ifRr;ka yhA rFkk bu ifRr;ksa dk laca/k /kkrq dh NM+ R1 o R2 ls bl izdkj dj fn;k fd buds chp  //2// esa ok;qxSi cuk jgsA rFkk bu nksuksa NM+ksa dk laca/k izsj.k dq.Myh ls dj nsrs gSA blesa ,d lalwpd D yxk jgrk gSA tks o`rh; rkj dk cuk jgrk gSA izsj.k dq.MYkh dh lgk;rk ls 10000 oksYV dk foHkokarj yxkdj nskuksa IysVksa dks foijhr vkos'k ls vkosf'kr fd;k tkrk gSA ftlls vkos'k dk foltZu gksus yxrk gSA vkSj oSKkfud gV~Zt us lalwpd ls ns[kk rks os fo|qrh; pqEcdh; rjaxksa dks 5m. dh nwjh rd ys x;sA cksLk dk iz;ksx %& lu~ 1895 esa Hkkjr dksydkrk ds oSKkfud lj txnh'k pUnz cksl us ,d bysDfVªd jsfM,Vj rS;kj fd;k A ftldh lgk;rk ls izkjaHk esa os rjaxksa dks 25 mm. ls 5 mm. dh nwjh rd ys x;sA rFkk ckn esa caxky ds xouZj ds lkeus fo|qr ?k.Vh dks ctk fn;kA vkSj rjaxksa dks 1.5 km dh nwjh rd ys tkus esa lQyrk izkIr dhA ekdkZsuh dk iz;ksx %& lu~ 1899 eas bVyh ds oSKkfud ekdksZuh us gV~Zt ds iz;ksx dks nksgjk;k rFkk mUgksaus ok;qxSi ds ,d fljs dks ,.Vhuk rFkk nwljs fljs dks izFoh ls tksM+ fn;k vkSj oSKkfud us ekdkZsuh us lalwpd ls ns[kk rks os rjaxksa dks 50 km. dh nwjh rd ys x;sA ckn esa mUgksaus dgk fd vc rjaxksa dks fdruh Hkh nwjh rd ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA vFkkZr~ nwj lapkj ds u, ;qx dk 'kqHkkjaHk gqvkA iz-3 ok;qe.My fdls dgrs gS \ rki rFkk ?kUkRo ds vk/kkj ij ok;qe.My dh fofHkUu ijrksa dk o.kZu dhft;sA m- izFoh ds pkjks vksj ok;q ds ?ksjs dks ok;qe.My dgrs gSA ;g ok;qe.My izFoh lrg ls 300 fdeh- mapkbZ rd izFoh ds pkjksa vksj QSyk gqvk gSA izFoh ds ok;qe.My eas ?kuRo ds vk/kkj ij 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.9% Organ, 0.03% Co2, 0.002% vfØ; xSlsa rFkk dqN ek=k esa ty ok"i vkSj /kwy ds d.k ik;s tkrs gSA izFoh ds ok;qe.My dks fofHkUu ijrksa esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA 1- {kksHke.My %& ;g ijr izFoh dh lrg ls 12 fdeh- mapkbZ ij ikbZ tkrh gSA bl ijr es uhps ls mij pyus ij rkieku ?kVrk tkrk gSA rFkk bl ijr dk mij dk ek/; rki &560C gksrk gSA ;g ijr lw;Z ds vkus okys ijkcSaxuh fofdj.kksa dks vo'kksf"kr dj ysrh gSA blfy;s bl ijr dk ?kuRo izFoh ds ?kuRo dk 1@10oka Hkkx gksrk gSA  //3// 2- lerki e.My %& bl ijr dk rkieku leku gksus ds dkjk bls lerki e.My ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;g ijr izFoh dh lrg ls 12 fdeh- ls 30 fdeh- rd QSyh jgrh gSA 3- vkstksu e.My %& ;g ijr izFoh dh lrg ls 30 fdeh- ls 50 fdeh- ds chp esa QSyh jgrh gSA uhps ls mij pyus ij bl ijr dk rkieku &560C ls c