IT 352: Information Systems Analysis and Design 2020 PDF

IT 352: Information Systems Analysis and Design By: Haifa Alhasson 2020 9/17/20 Chapter 3 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as P...

IT 352: Information Systems Analysis and Design By: Haifa Alhasson 2020 9/17/20 Chapter 3 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Brief List of Topics Overview of Information System development environment Managing the Information Systems Project Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects Determine the system requirements Structuring System Process Requirements Designing information systems System Implementation Maintaining Information Systems 9/17/20Chapter 2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2  Modern Systems Analysis and Design Chapter 4 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects  Learning Objectives ü Describe the project identification and selection process. ü Describe corporate strategic planning and information systems planning process. ü Explain the relationship between corporate strategic planning and information systems planning. 4  Learning Objectives (Cont.) ü Describe how information systems planning can be used to assist in identifying and selecting systems development projects. ü Analyze information systems planning matrices to determine affinity or similarity between information systems and IS projects and to forecast the impact of IS projects on business objectives. ü Describe the three classes of Internet electronic commerce applications: Internet, intranets, and extranets. 5  Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects FIGURE 4-1 Systems development life cycle with project identification and selection highlighted 6 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects 1. Identifying potential or possible development projects ¨Identification from a stakeholder group. n Each stakeholder group brings their own perspective and motivation to the IS decision. 7 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects ü Top-down source are projects identified by top management or by a diverse steering committee. ü Bottom-up source are project initiatives stemming from managers, business units, or the development group. ü The process varies substantially or largly across organizations. 8 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) 9  The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) 2. Classifying and ranking IS development projects ¨ Using value chain analysis or other evaluation criteria ¨ Value chain analysis: the process of analyzing an organization’s activities for making products and/or services to determine where value is added and costs are incurred 10 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) FIGURE 4-2 Organizations can be thought of as a value chain, transforming raw materials into products for customers. 11  The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) 3. Selecting IS development projects ¨ Based on various factors ¨ Both short- and long-term projects considered ¨ Most likely to achieve business objectives selected ¨ Is a very important and ongoing activity 12 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) FIGURE 4-3 Project selection decisions must consider numerous factors and can have numerous outcomes. 13  The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) n One method for deciding among different projects or alternative designs is: ¨ Foreach requirement or constraint: Score = weight X rating ¨ Each alternative: sum scores across requirements/constraints. ¨ Alternative with highest score wins. 14 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) 15 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects (Cont.) FIGURE 4-4 Alternative projects and system design decisions can be assisted using weighted multicriteria analysis. 16  Deliverables and Outcomes n Primary deliverable from the first part of the planning phase is a schedule of specific IS development projects. n Outcome of the next part of the planning phase – project initiation and planning – is the assurance guarantee that careful consideration was given to project selection and each project can help the organization reach its goals. 17  Deliverables and Outcomes n Incremental commitment: A strategy in systems analysis and design in which the project is reviewed after each phase and continuation or carryover of the project is re-justified. 18 Corporate and Information Systems Planning n To benefit from a planning-based approach for identifying and selecting projects, an organization must : ¨ Analyze its information needs thoroughly. ¨ Plan its projects carefully. 19  Corporate Strategic Planning n Ongoing process that defines mission, objectives, and strategies of an organization 20  Corporate Strategic Planning Corporate strategy involves: ü Mission statement : A statement that makes it clear what business a company is in ü Objective statements : A series of statements that express an organization’s qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired future position ü Description of competitive strategy 21 Corporate Strategic Planning (Cont.) FIGURE 4-7 Mission statement (Pine Valley Furniture) 22 Corporate Strategic Planning (Cont.) FIGURE 4-8 Statement of Corporate Objectives (Pine Valley Furniture) 23  Corporate Strategic Planning (Cont.) n Competitive strategy: the method by which an organization attempts to achieve its mission and objectives n Main types: ¨ Low-cost producer ¨ Product differentiation ¨ Product focus or niche 24 Corporate Strategic Planning (Cont.) 25  Information Systems Planning (ISP) n An orderly means of assessing the information needs of an organization and defining systems, databases, and technologies that will best meet those needs n ISP must be done in accordance with the organization's mission, objectives, and competitive strategy. 26  Information Systems Planning (Cont.) FIGURE 4-10 Parallel activities of corporate strategic planning and information systems planning 27 Information Systems Planning (Cont.) n IS planning must be kept or reserved in line with corporate strategic planning. 28  Information Systems Planning (Cont.) n Top-down planning attempts to gain a broad understanding of information system needs of the entire organization and offers: ¨ Broader perspective or viewpoint. ¨ Improved integration or incorporation. ¨ Improved management support. ¨ Better understanding. 29 9/17/20Chapter 4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30  Information Systems Planning (Cont.) n Bottom-up planning identifies IS development projects based on solving specific operational business problems or taking advantage of specific opportunities. ¨ Can be faster and less costly, so may be beneficial in certain circumstances. 31 Business Functions, Data Entities, and Information Systems of PVF FIGURE 4-11 Information systems planning information (Pine Valley Furniture) 32  Information Systems Planning of Pine Valley Furniture (PVF) n Functional Decomposition: breaking high- level abstract information into smaller units for more detailed planning 33  Information Systems Planning of Pine Valley Furniture (PVF) FIGURE 4-12 Functional decomposition of information systems planning information (Pine Valley Furniture) 34  Information Systems Planning of Pine Valley Furniture (PVF) n IS planning matrices describe relationships between pairs of organizational elements (location, function, business unit, objective, process, data, information system). 35 Information Systems Planning of Pine Valley Furniture (PVF) FIGURE 4-13 Data Entity-to-Function matrix (Pine Valley Furniture) 36  IS Plan Components n Briefly describe mission, objectives, and strategy of the organization. n Provide summary of current and future processes, functions, data entities, and information needs of the enterprise. 37  IS Plan Components (Cont.) n Describe primary role IS will play in the organization to transform enterprise from current to future state. n Describe limitations imposed by technology and current levels of financial, technical, and personnel resources. 38  IS Plan Components (Cont.) n Summarize overall information systems needs in the company and set long-term strategies for filling the needs. n Show detailed inventory of present projects and systems and detailed plan for the current year. 39  IS Plan Components (Cont.) n Describe unknown but likely events that can affect the plan, presently known business change elements and their impact on the plan. 40  Information Systems (IS) Plan FIGURE 4-16 Systems development projects flow from the information systems plan 41 Electronic Commerce Applications and Internet Basics n Electronic Commerce (EC): Internet-based communication to support day-to-day business activities n Internet: a large worldwide network of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other n Intranet: Internet-based communication to support business activities within a single organization 42  Electronic Commerce Applications and Internet Basics (Cont.) n Extranet: Internet-based communication to support business- to-business activities n Electronic data interchange (EDI): the use of telecommunications technologies to directly transfer business documents between organizations 43 Electronic Commerce Applications and Internet Basics (Cont.) 44  Summary n In this chapter you learned how to: ü Describe the project identification and selection process. ü Describe corporate strategic planning and information systems planning. ü Explain the relationship between corporate strategic planning and IS planning. 45  Summary (Cont.) ü Describe how IS planning can assist in system development project identification and selection. ü Analyze IS planning matrices. ü Describe three classes of E-Commerce applications. 46