Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Ch07b Nervous CNS1 PDF

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 7  Think & Link The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is... NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 2  Ob...

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 7  Think & Link The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is... NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 2  Objectives 9. Identify & describe the functions of the major regions of the brain [cerebral hemisphere, diencephalons, brain stem, & cerebellum] 10. Name the three meningeal layers & state their functions 11. Discuss the formation and function of cerebrospinal fluid and the blood brain barrier 12. Describe the structure & functions of spinal cord NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 3 9. Identify & describe the functions of the major regions of the brain [cerebral hemisphere, diencephalons, brain stem, & cerebellum] Table 7.1 & Figs. 7.12, 7.13, & 7.16 Brain Regions Parts Function 1. A. B. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. D. 4. NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 4  Table 7.1 NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 5 Regions of the Brain Cerebral hemispheres = Cerebrum Diencephalon ∙ Thalamus ∙ Hypothalamus Cerebellum Brain stem ∙ Pons ∙ Medulla Oblongata NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 6 Cerebral Hemispheres: CEREBRUM Cortex Medulla outer layer inner layer ∙ Two layers: cortex (Outer) & medulla (inner) Cerebral ∙ Paired (left and right) hemispheres superior parts of the brain ∙ Include more than half of the brain mass NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 7 Cerebral Hemispheres: CEREBRUM Cortex outer layer Medulla inner layer The surface is made of ∙ ridges (gyri) ∙ grooves (sulci) Cerebral hemispheres Fissure Gyr us Grey matter = Sulcus White matter = NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 8 Layers of the Cerebrum Cortex Gray Matter ∙ Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies ∙ Outer layer ∙ Called the cerebral cortex ∙ Basal nuclei – internal islands of gray matter NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 9 Layers of the Cerebrum Medulla White matter ∙ Fiber tracts of myelinated fibers inside the gray matter ∙ Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 10  Corpus Callosum 1.Connection 2.Communication NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 11 Layers of the Cerebrum Think & Link Grey matter is made of... Cell bodies - mostly White matter is made of... Myelinated fibers Clusters of grey matter in the CNS are called... Nuclei Clusters of white matter in the CNS are called... Tracts NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 12 Cerebral Hemispheres: CEREBRUM 1. Frontal 2. Parietal Lobe Lobe Fissures (deep 4. Occipital grooves) divide the Lobe cerebrum into lobes Surface lobes of the cerebrum named after bones they lie under Central Sulcus or Fissure 3. Temporal Lobe NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 13  Frontal Parietal Lobe Lobe Occipital Lobe Central Sulcus Temporal Lobe NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 14 NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 15  2. 1. 5. 4. 6. 3. 7. 8. 10. 9. NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 16  Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 17 Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Somatic sensory area Receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors Primary Somatic Sensory NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 18 Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Primary motor area Sends impulses to skeletal muscles Broca’s area Involved in our ability to speak Primary Motor (motor) Broca’s Area NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 19  Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Gustatory (taste) Area Auditory (hearing) Area Olfactory (smell) Area Cerebral areas involved in special senses Visual Area NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 20 Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Interpretation areas of the cerebrum Speech & language NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 21  Primary Motor Somatic Sensory Gustatory (taste) Area Broca’s Area Auditory (hearing) Area Olfactory (smell) Area Visual Area Speech & language NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 22  Basal nuclei (Ganglia) Internal islands or centers of gray matter that help to control skeletal muscle movements (motor centers) NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 23  Functions of Cerebrum Summary: Contains sensory and motor centers for sensation and motor control / or regulation NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 24 Diencephalon Sits on top of the Thalamus brain stem Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres Made of... Hypothalamus NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 25 Diencephalon: THALAMUS ∙ Surrounds the third ventricle ∙ The relay station for sensory impulses Thalamus ∙ Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 26 Diencephalon: HYPOTHALAMUS Under the thalamus ∙Important autonomic nervous system center ▪ Helps regulate body temperature ▪ Controls water balance ▪ Regulates Hypothalamus metabolism NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 27 Diencephalon: HYPOTHALAMUS ∙ An important part of the limbic system (emotions) ∙ The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 28 BRAIN STEM ∙ Attaches to the spinal cord ∙ Parts of the brain stem... Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata ? NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 29 Brain stem: MIDBRAIN ∙ Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers ∙ Ascending & Midbrain descending impulses pathway ∙ Reflex centers for vision and hearing NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 30  Brainstem: PONS ∙ The bulging center part of the brain stem ∙ Mostly composed of fiber tracts ∙ Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing Pons NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 31 Brain Stem: MEDULLA OBLONGATA ∙ The lowest part of the brain stem merges into the spinal cord ∙ Includes important fiber tracts ∙ Contains important (vital) control centers ▪ Heart rate ▪ Blood pressure ▪ Breathing ▪ Swallowing ▪ Vomiting Medulla Oblongata NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 32 Brain stem: RETICULAR FORMATION ∙ Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem ∙ Involved in motor control of visceral organs ∙ Reticular activating system plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 33 Reticular Formation NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 34 CEREBELLUM ∙ Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces ∙ Coordination of skeletal muscle movement ∙ Fibers connect to inner ear, eye & muscle proprioceptors Cerebellum NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 35  Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 36 Coming up … More CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 37  THINK SPOT Nice 2 Know T&L Think & Link NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 38 Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 39  Cranial nerves NERVOUS b: CNS1 BJS edited from 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings, Sep.2002 Slide 40