ch07_ch07_presentation.pptx

CHAPTER 7 Disease Discussion What is the difference between a disease and a disorder? A disease is any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body. A disorder is a condition that causes abnormality of function; a pathological condition. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May no...

CHAPTER 7 Disease Discussion What is the difference between a disease and a disorder? A disease is any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body. A disorder is a condition that causes abnormality of function; a pathological condition. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What is a Disease? Vocabulary 1.disease - any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body 2.disorder - an abnormality of function; pathological condition 3.syndrome - a group of symptoms that together indicate a disease. Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What Is a Disease? Several terms are used to describe diseases – – – – – acute - a disease of sudden onset and short duration chronic - a disease of long duration incurable - a disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated. terminal - a disease that eventually ends in death communicable - a disease that is caused by pathogens and can be transferred from one living thing to another – non-communicable - disease that cannot be passed from one living thing to another, and which is caused by genes, diet, behavior, and other factor. – idiopathic - a disease of unknown cause Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What Is a Disease? Several terms are used to describe diseases – epidemic - a disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people – endemic - a disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people – pandemic - a disease that affects an unusually large number of the population. – morbidity - a diseased or unhealthy state – comorbidity - two or more coexisting diseases – mortality - number of deaths in a given population the condition of being mortal – idiopathic - a disease of unknown cause Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What Is a Disease? Several terms are used to describe diseases – – – – – – – localized - a disease that is confined to a certain area of the body systemic - a disease that affects a large part or most of the body benign - noncancerous, not threatening malignant - cancerous, growing worse congenital - a condition one is born with hereditary - a disease that is passed through the genes sign - objective finding that can be seen upon observation such as a rash, hair loss, or swelling – symptom - subjective findings that are experienced by the patient such as nausea, headache, or dizziness. Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Discussion What is the difference between a endemic, epidemic and pandemic? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Diagnosis Diagnosis is the process of determining what is making a patient ill Prognosis is the probable outcome of a disease Several actions contribute to making a diagnosis – Studying a patient’s medical history – Listening to the patient’s description of the illness – Performing a physical examination – Analyzing the results of diagnostic tests megaflopp/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Disease Classifications Seven classifications of disease by cause – – – – – – – Hereditary or genetic Congenital Environmental Nutritional Infectious Degenerative Traumatic Photographee.eu/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Critical Thinking If you had a hereditary disease, would you want to know about it before symptoms of the disease appeared? Why or why not? Andresr/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Hereditary and Genetic Disease Hereditary disease results from abnormalities in a person’s genes Down syndrome – Occurs when three number 21 chromosomes are present, rather than the usual two Sickle cell anemia – Causes the red blood cells to take on a sickle, or crescent, shape and a sticky texture Designua/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Congenital Disease Congenital diseases, or birth defects, exist at birth but may not be evident until later Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders – Caused by drinking alcohol while pregnant Cerebral palsy – Caused by damage to the central nervous system during fetal development Jaren Jai Wicklund/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Environmental Disease Environmental diseases can result from exposure to air and water pollution, radiation, or other harmful substances Some cancers are caused by toxins in the environment The lungs are particularly vulnerable to environmental diseases Hung Chung Chih/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Nutritional Disease Causes – An inability to consume proper food and nutrients – An inability to absorb and utilize nutrients – Overeating or eating disorders Malnutrition results from the inadequate intake of nutrients Rickets is caused by a prolonged deficiency of vitamin D Minerva Studio/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further What are two eating disorders that may lead to malnutrition? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Obesity Obesity is a medical condition in which a person has too much body fat Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide Being obese increases a person’s chance of developing serious health issues DONOT6_STUDIO/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Infectious Disease Bacteria and viruses are pathogens that can cause disease Transmitted from one living thing to another Various forms of infectious hepatitis are caused by different viruses that affect the liver Tetanus is a noncommunicable infectious disease Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. For this activity you will... Step One Research the diseases mentioned on the right. —> Step Two Explain what each of them are in a complete sentence. Don’t forget to write S&S and treatments. Step Three Classify each of the diseases in one of the classifications mention before Diseases: - Sickle Cell Anemia - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Black Lung - Obesity - Hepatitis B Degenerative Disease Degenerative diseases are those in which tissues or organs deteriorate over time Arthritis is a disorder involving inflammation of the joints – Osteoarthritis – Rheumatoid arthritis Alzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia Phovoir/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Trauma Trauma is any physical injury to the body caused by an accident or violence Examples of trauma – – – – – – Blunt force Gunshot wounds Car accidents Animal bites Electrical shocks Burns Safety awareness can reduce injuries from trauma sfam_photo/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Leading Causes of Death in the United States Several diseases are included on the list of the leading causes of death in the United States Examples include heart disease and cancer As a healthcare worker, it is important to understand these diseases Brian Chase/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Heart Disease Heart disease includes a range of conditions that affect the heart Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque in the arteries that can lead to heart attack A circulating blood clot, or thrombus, can plug an artery and cause a heart attack or a stroke Africa Studio/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further What can a person do to lower his or her risk of heart disease? Lower blood pressure Lower cholesterol Eat a diet that is low in salt, refined sugars, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, and high in fruits and vegetables Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption Reduce stress and exercise regularly Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cancer Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth in the body A neoplasm is a tumor that can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (harmless) Metastasis is the spread of cancerous cells from their place of origin to other parts of the body via the bloodstream Common types of cancer – – – – – Non-melanoma skin cancers Lung cancer Breast cancer Prostate cancer Colorectal cancer Designua/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Treatment for and Prevention of Cancer Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation Methods for preventing cancer – Quitting smoking – Reducing alcohol consumption – Avoiding excessive sun exposure – Eating a healthy diet – Regular screenings Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Extend Your Knowledge Work on the box Extend Your Knowledge in pg. 221 of your book. Answer the following questions 1. Research how someone could become a bone marrow donor. 2. Where is bone marrow located in the human body? 3. Research to determine the ideal age range for bone marrow donation. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Critical Thinking Car accidents are a common cause of trauma. What are some safety practices you can follow to help prevent car accidents or prevent trauma if you are in a car accident? blurAZ/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) causes airflow blockage and breathing-related issues CLRD includes COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma Smoking causes complications for all types of CLRD joe1719/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Stroke A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops Ischemic stroke versus hemorrhagic stroke After a stroke, a person might experience paralysis, loss of speech, problems walking, or coma Stroke can be prevented by controlling blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, and quitting smoking Robert B. Miller/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further What are the signs of a stroke as identified by the F.A.S.T. tip? F—Face Is one side drooping? A—Arms Is one arm weak or numb? S—Speech Is speech slurred? T—Time Time is critical. Call 911 or get to a hospital. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body is not able to control blood glucose Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas Type 2 diabetes results from the body’s improper use of insulin Andrey_Popov/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further Myth or Fact? Type 2 diabetes can be treated through healthy eating and an active lifestyle. FACT Fact: Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90–95 percent of all diagnosed cases. Fact: Oral medications or insulin may also be used as treatments. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Influenza and Pneumonia Influenza (flu) is a highly contagious viral infection A serious case of the flu can lead to inflammation of the lungs, called pneumonia Pneumonia has over 30 different potential causes Vaccinations against flu are available every year pathdoc/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and do not function properly Diabetes and high blood pressure are two causes of CKD Possible treatments include medication, dialysis, and a kidney transplant gopixa/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Medical Specialties Doctors often develop a specialty to narrow their focus Medical specialties can be related to body systems Examples: – – – – Geriatrics Dermatology Pediatrics Gastroenterology Pressmaster/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further Which medical specialists have treated you or a family member? Which medical specialty interests you most? Candy Box Images/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Emerging Diseases and Disorders An emerging disease or disorder is one that has just appeared in a population or is now increasing Examples: – Autism – Drug-resistant bacteria – Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – Listeria Jarun Ontakrai/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Biotechnology Research to Fight Disease Researchers are working to develop gene therapies to treat genetic diseases Researchers hope to use cloned cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body hywards/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further Which medical specialists have treated you or a family member? Which medical specialty interests you most? Candy Box Images/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Stem Cell Research Stem cells serve as a form of internal repair system for many tissues Healthy stem cells may be used to generate new tissues, such as skin, for transplants Scientists hope to use stem cells to develop treatments for many diseases and conditions Elena Pavlovich/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further Why has stem cell research been controversial? Originally, stem cell research used embryonic cells left over from in vitro fertilization and abortion. President George W. Bush issued a partial ban on federal funding of stem cell research that uses embryos. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Global Disease Prevention and Cost Containment Preventing illness is more cost-effective than treating illness Some preventive methods – – – – – Patient education Immunizations Regular physical examinations Healthy eating and exercise Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.