F5 Biology Chapter 17 Coordination Class Note PDF

F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 Name Class Date...

F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 Name Class Date 姓名 班別 （ ） 日期 Chapter 17 Coordination in humans 第十七課 人體的協調 A. What is coordination? 甚麼是協調？ What colour is this ball? 這個球是甚麼顏色的？ _____________ blue. Why can you know the colour of this ball? What did your body do to make you know the colour of this ball? Which body parts are involved in this process? 你為什麼會知道這個球的顏色？你的身體做了甚麼使 你會知道這個球的顏色？在這個過程中，哪一身體部位牽涉其中？ O Detected by 1. Stimuli 2. Receptor: 3. Coordination 由以下探測 刺激 感受器 nerve Send___________ systems An __________ photoreceptorimpulse = __________ _________. to the 協調系統 image. is form on the Gone cells ___________ brain. brain ⚫ _____________ refina ____________ A S T 傳送__________. Em __________在__________上形成 LENE LEAR 到腦部 4. Effector 5. __________ 效應器 response. Di __________ rocal ⚫ _________ / cord _________ ↓ _________ sand/spe ⚫ ____________ ____________ vibrante _________ F B. What is included in the nervous system? 神經系統包含甚麼？ 1. The two type of central nervous system 兩種神經系統 ⚫ Central nervous system 中樞神經系統 brain A [  _____________________________ spinal cord**  _____________________________ ⚫ Peripheral nervous system 外圍神經系統 [ cranial nerve AB  _____________________________ spinal nerve  _____________________________ 1  F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 2. What is included in the central nervous system? 中樞神經系統包含甚麼？ Cranium 顱 Meninges 腦膜 cerebellum A ______________________ ⚫ Bone 骨頭 ⚫ Membrane 膜 ⚫ Coordinate contractions of ⚫ mechanical Provide ______________ ⚫ Contain 3 layers 具三層 muscle ___________________ protection 2 _________to the brain 為腦部提供____________ # ANDA 協調_____________的收縮 fluid & ⚫ balance and Maintain body _________ cerebrospinal __________________________ costure _______________ I ⚫ Fill the internal cavities of the # M 保持身體_______和_______ Pl brain and the central canal of ⚫ white _________matter is in the inner the spinal cord A layer while _______ matter is in grey 注滿了腦腔和脊髓的中央 the outer layer 管內 E + _____質在內層而_____質在外層 ) ⚫ shock Act as __________absorber. Spinal cord 脊髓 F 吸收_______________ Vertebral column 脊柱 Medulla. ⚫ mechanical. Provide ______________ , olongata ______________________ involuntary heart best support _________to the brain and ⚫ Control _____________ action, including __________________ , breathing. spinal cord 為腦部和脊髓提 ↑ 123K , 34 R 控制____________動作，包括___________________ D # En 供__________________ ⚫ Serve as reflex centre 作為反射中樞 - Freflex → coordinate __________ action in the head, including ⚫ oxygen Supply ___________ and secretion. Rat nutrient to the neurons __________ coughing saliva _____________________ , 協調在頭部發生的________動作， waste. and remove ___________ , 包括___________________ : E _________matter white matter is in is in the inner layer while _______ 提供_____和_________給神 ⚫ grey. #2 - B 經元及帶走__________ FR the outer layer _____質在內層而_____質在外層 A ! 5 ___________________ Cerebrum A ⚫ Largest part of the brain 腦部中最大的構造 ⚫ Consist of ________ right left and ________ cerebral hemispheres # A 由______和_______兩個大腦半球組成 L nerve fibre 由______________________相連 → connected by ________________ ⚫ Cerebral cortex → outer layer of hemisphere 大腦皮層→大腦半球的外層 => ① # →Consist of ________ matter 由______質組成 grey neurone T →Contain cell bodies of ____________含有___________的細胞體 foldedto increase the ___________________ ·wo I highly → _______________ T D &E 呈____________以增加_____________來容納更多______________ more hearone surface area for ___________. white matter consist of myelinated nerve fibres ____質由髓神經纖維組成 ⚫ _______ A O 2 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 ↳ - ⚫ Voluntary B consciousness. Control ______________ action → involve___________________ 控制_____________動作→涉及_______________________ it ⚫ Sensory area 感覺區 3 - → receive nerve impulse from receptor 接收從感受器發出的神經脈衝 ↑ ⚫ Association area 聯合區 - → involve memory and making decision 涉及記憶和作出決策 ⚫ Motor area 運動區 - → generate and send nerve impulses to effectors 產生並發出神經脈衝至效應器 2 3. In our daily activities, one simple action can involve different parts of brain to coordinate different parts of body for us to finish the action. Consider about the following two scenarios. State the part of brain involved in these actions and describe the function of different parts of brain in coordinating certain parts of our body. 在我們日常的活動中，一個簡單的動作可能會涉及到腦部的不同部位，以協調我們身 體的不同部位去完成該動作。考慮以下兩種情況。說明涉及到這些動作的腦部部位， 並描述腦部的不同部位在協調我們身體的特定部位方面的功能。 Scenario 1 情境 1: Part of brain Function in coordination 協調的功能 腦部部位 1) - A A man is running on the sports ground for 30 minutes. 一個男人在運 動場上跑了 30 分鐘。 Scenario 2 情境 2: Part of brain Function in coordination 協調的功能 腦部部位 medulla - act as reflex centre. to 177- # Fit A girl goes from a dark oblongata. control the constriction of pupil. room to outdoor in the ⑭ afternoon and found the J FL45 sun is too shiny. Thus, she put on her 3 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 sunglasses. 一個女孩在下午從一 個黑暗的房間走到室 外，發現陽光太耀眼 A Sim 了。因此，她戴上了 cerebrum nerous system. 她的太陽眼鏡。 HE cell > - GA tissue -> open O C. What is neurone? 甚麼是神經元？ - impulse - - ⚫ Neurone - = nerve cell → specialized cell for transmitting _______________________ nerve. SHEX - 神經元 ＝ 神經細胞 →負責傳遞____________________ - 1. This figure showed a neurone. What do you observe about its appearance? 這張圖片顯示 了一個神經元。它的外表有甚麼特點？ locate matter Cell body LeH- _____________________ ⚫ nucleus & the organelle Contain _________________________________. Le AE A 含有____________________________________ & fibre _____________________ nerve dendrons and ____________ ⚫ Consist of _____________ axons - T E 由__________和___________組成 ⚫ myelinsheath (lipid) Myelinated → covered by __________________ nucleus A th _______________________ F 有髓的→被___________（脂質）包裹着 b As Dendrons cell body ___________________ ___________________ ⚫ Receive information from other ____________________ neurone. f nerve →Transmit _________________impulse cell body towards the ______________. ↳ E 從其他___________中接收信息 I E EXT UAE →傳遞______________至_____________ 4 ⚫ dendrites. Branches is called ________________ ↓. aXOn ___________________ XX nerve impulse ⚫ Transmit ____________________ away from 7 / cell body the __________ E zit #J 從____________向外傳遞______________ - * I Myeline Sheath ___________________ SE. impulse ⚫ Protect the _________________ nerve 保護______________ E - fibre 使_______________絕緣 ⚫ Insulate the _________________ nerve 3 ⚫ speed ______________ up L the transmission of __________________ A Y fini ________________的傳遞 _________ nerve impulse 4  F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 D. What is the character of neurones in our body? 神經元在我們的身體中扮演了甚麼角色？ 1. What are the three types of neurons? 三種神經元是甚麼？ Sensory neurone O Interneurone Motor neurone 感覺神經元 ① 中間神經元 ② 運動神經元 Receptor Dendron dendrons ___________ ↓ = 感受器 - 樹突 F ___________ # & _ ↓ I L J shorter calendrons ___________ F longeit ↓ A F ↓___________ ↑ ___________ _ ___________a E El cell body __________ axon myeShet ZAE hi T ___________ __________ myelin __________ ___________ _ ↓ ↓ __ ________ cell body sheath __________ ↓ longer & ________ Axon T Effector It 軸突 ____ 反應器 Axon ____________ ~ ____________ ⚫ Link sensory ___________ ↓ motor E shorter. neurone and ___________ neurone ⚫ nerve impulse Transmit _________________. ⚫ Transmit F 連接_________神經元和 CNS from _____________. to impulse impulse ______________ ________________.from nerve D ________神經元 從__________傳遞_______ receptor to _____________ ⚫ Transmit_____________ neve 42 Ty : _______至______________ cNS ______________ within _______________ G 從__________傳遞_______ CNE 在____________內傳遞 , Ho LG PLANET * _______至______________ ______________ 2. How does different types of neurone connect with each other to finish the coordination from stimuli to response? Consider the following 2 scenarios, use the neurone card provided to piece the pathways of coordination. Draw a flowchart in the following table as well. 不同類 型的神經元如何連接在一起，以完成從刺激到反應的協調？考慮以下兩種情況，使用 提供的神經元卡片來拼接神經元在協調時的途徑，並在以下表格中繪製流程圖。 Scenario 1 情境 1： Flowchart 流程圖 O A man look at a photoreceptor -> sensory cerebrum ball and tell others it is a blue ball. neurone - [ J area association area > - O (sensory > -. 一個男人看著一個 F EinvolvedB * interneurone 球並告訴其他人這 area motor = ) E 是一個藍色的球。 Nocal cord > motor neurone X E - -. > - F - 5  F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 Scenario 2 情境 2： Flowchart 流程圖 temperaturereceptors A man accidentally touched motor neurones a cord Spinal boiling > > - interneurone) - water then * (involved E he immediately draw back his hand. i BIBLE T muscle in An 一個男人不小心碰到了沸水，然後立 > arm - 刻抽回了手。 3. How does nerve impulse transmit from one neurone to another neurone? 神經脈衝是怎樣 由一個神經元傳遞到另一個神經元？ (a) What is nerve impulse? Is it a chemical? 甚麼是神經脈衝？這是一種化學物質嗎？ tectrical message - E ______________________________________________________________________ (b) If neurone do not physically contact each other, can the nerve impulse directly be passed from one neurone to another? Why? 如果神經元不直接接觸，神經脈衝是否可以直接從一個神 經元傳遞到另一個神經元？為什麼？ The electrical message may be lost. to the surrounding. E ** - I Nerve impulse 神經脈衝 # axon Synaptic knob of _________ Q ↓ - - mindric Synapse _________的突觸小體 突觸 * ↓ ________________________ ① mate O that containing Synaptic vesicles - < -- - O neurotransmitter _______________________ release ZE ENE 載有_______________的突觸小泡 ↑ diffusion t I Synaptic cleft 突觸間隙 - - / neurotransmitter & & ________________________ Y Gendron & _________________ neurotransmitter Receptor of __________________. Generate ______________ E nerve impulse & _______________的受體 ① => 產生______________ [membranea - bindt After knowing the structure of the synapse, can you deduce how does the information transmit from one neutrone to another neutron? 知道了突觸的結構後，你可以推測資訊如何從一個 神經元傳遞到另一個神經元？ / 6 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 (c) Label different structures of the synapse in the photomicrograph below. 在下面的光學顯微照片上標記突觸的不同結構。 Dendrons F _________________________ F synaptic cleft. _____________________ # resicle E _________________________ synaptic. Axons _____________________N mitochondria. _________________________ (d) Why does synaptic knob contain so many mitochondria? 為甚麼突觸小體載有許多線粒體？ To produce energy for the production of neurotransmitter * (e) Can nerve impulse transmit from dendron of a neurone to axon of another neurone? Why? 神經脈衝可以從一個神經元的樹突傳遞到另一神經元的軸突嗎？為什麼？ No , because only synaptic knows - can secrete of axons * A Eig ② only dendron posses receptors for neurotransmitter & FGHELE direction for the = ensure there is only one & neurotransmitter transmission of nerve impulse Knowing more 認識更多: 7 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 Lobotomy is a neurosurgical procedure that involves the removal of connecting tissues in the frontal lobe of the brain. Lobotomy was advocated by Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz and was primarily used in the treatment of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, severe depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder from the 1930s to the 1950s. Moniz's procedure involved drilling holes in the skull, inserting a sharp cutting instrument into the brain tissue, and sweeping it from one side of the brain to the other to sever the connections between the frontal lobe and other parts of the brain. Subsequently, another neurologist named Walter Freeman designed the transorbital lobotomy. This procedure only required a steel instrument resembling an ice pick to be inserted into the brain through the fragile bone behind the patient's eye socket, followed by the removal of the frontal lobe, significantly reducing the surgical time. Patients only needed to receive prior electroconvulsive therapy and did not require anesthesia for the procedure. This surgery was widely used at the time to treat various mental illnesses and even received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949. Although this procedure was widely used at the time, long-term follow-up studies by other doctors revealed that only one-third of the patients showed improvement after the surgery, another one-third experienced significant deterioration, and some patients became apathetic, unable to communicate, walk, or feed themselves. The surgery also had a mortality rate of 15%. It took the medical community many years to realize the drawbacks outweighed the benefits of this procedure, and in the 1950s, they began developing safer and more effective medications, leading to the gradual abandonment of lobotomy. A 腦白質切除術是一種神經外科手術，包括切除前額葉皮質的連 接組織。腦白質切除術由葡萄牙神經病學家 Egas Moniz 提倡， 00 主要於 1930 年代到 1950 年代用來醫治精神分裂、嚴重抑鬱或 O ⑦ 強迫症等精神病。Moniz 提倡的手術，是先在顱骨上鑽一對孔， O 再將鋒利的切斷器推入腦組織，然後將之從腦的一側掃至另一 側，以切斷腦額葉（Frontal Lobe）與大腦其他部分的連接。及 ⑧ 後，另一神經學家 Walter Freeman 設計出眼眶額葉切除術。過程只需要將類似冰鎬的鋼製器具，通過病 - 人眼窩後方的骨頭脆弱部分置入大腦，再切除額葉，大大減低手術時間。患者只需事先接受電擊，毋須 麻醉，即可施術。此手術當時被廣泛應用於治療各種精神病，更在 1949 年獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎 雖然此手術在當時被廣泛應用，但據其他醫生對患者的長期跟進調查，只有 3 分 1 患者在術後有所 C O - 改善，另外 3 分 1 則出現明顯惡化，有些病患則變得呆滯，無法與人交流、行走或自行進食，手術 - A 0 - 更有有 15% 的致死率。醫學界花上多年時間，才意識到手術弊多於利，並在 1950 年代開始研發更. O 安全有效的藥物，使該手術逐漸被廢除。 - 1. In your opinion, why this surgery is inefficient in curing mental disordors? 依你之見，為何此手術在治療精神疾病方面效果不佳？ # 2. From this story, what aspects of nature of science does this reveal? 從這個故事中，這揭示了科學本質的哪些方面？ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 E. What is a nerve? 甚麼是神經？. A bundle of nerve fibre 一束神經纖維 Connective tissue Optic nerve 結締組織 視神經 Myelin sheath 髓鞘 Nerve fibre 神經纖維 Myelin sheath 髓鞘 Nerve fibre 神經纖維 F. What is spinal cord? 甚麼是脊髓？ ⚫ medulla oblongti Running from __________________________ I 從腦中的___________向下伸延而來. in the brain 腦部 vertebral column * ⚫ Protected by the _________________________被___________保護. matter vetebrine _____________ # Dorsal side 背面 (E) for grey. # _____________ Spinal cord ________________ _ 脊髓 spinal nerve ___________. C Dorsal root 背根 - Lig ___________ ~ ventral roof _________________ ** E __ #T S Ventral side 腹面 - for grey matter. 9 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 1. Label the structure of the following spinal cord. 標示下圖中脊髓的結構。 dorsal E __________side____面 dorsal roof Ex- _________________ white A X ____________ matter _______質 ⚫ nerve fibre Consist of _______________________. W 含有_______________ ⑧ F ____________ matter _______質 grey ⚫Consist of - - cell " GRA body * _______________________ ventral A __________side____面 含有_______________ ventral root _________________ t Central canal 中央管 spiral cord · - ⚫ Run through the entire _______________ 貫穿整條__________ ⚫ cerebrospinal # fluid. 管內充滿____________________ Filled with _________________________ cerebrum + spinal. 2. What is the function of spinal cord? 脊髓的功能是甚麼？ other parts of. body - ⚫ brain Transmit nerve impulses between _____________ and ___________________________ Au #B 負責_______和_______________之間神經脈衝的傳遞 ⚫ reflex centre for __________ Serve as __________ ↳ #0. 00 reflex action involving the trunk and the limbs 作為__________中樞，控制軀幹和四肢的 2 __________動作 ➔ Spinal cord will receive the nerve impulse sent I si receptor from _______________ and send nerve impulse effector for _____________ to ______________ response D 脊髓會從____________接收神經脈衝並傳送神 by 經脈衝到_____________以作出____________ Ex 10 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 G. What is reflex action? 甚麼是反射動作？ When you accidentally touch sharp object, how will your body react? 當你意外地碰到尖銳的物體時，你的身體會作出什麼反應？ Why will your body react like this? 為什麼你的身體會做出這樣的 反應？ Reflex action 反射動作 Characteristic ⚫ fast Speed: _____________. A 速度：________________ 特徵 ⚫ O Automatic response → require / do not require thinking 自動的反應→ 需要 ／ 不需要思考 O  cerebrum Involuntary → not under the control of _________________ KAD 不隨意的→ 不受_____________的控制. ⚫ stimuli Stereotyped → same _____________always -. response lead to same ______________ E. 有固定形式的→相同的_________會導致相同的___________ * ⚫& Inborn action → do not require prior learning 與生俱來的→不需要通過學習獲得 digital protect wom Importance 重要性 medulla spinal cord Example Reflex centre:___________________oblongests Reflex centre:___________________. 例子 ↳ 反射中樞:______________________ * 反射中樞:_____________________ ⚫ Stimuli: A strong light suddenly ⚫ Stimuli: You accidently touch a shines on your eye boiling bowl 刺激：強光突然照在你的眼睛上 刺激：你不小心碰到一個燙熱的鍋 ⚫ Response: Tupil constriction ____________________ ⚫ Response: withdrawn _____________________ your hand.. _____________________________ ______________________________ EU 4R L 反應：________________________ ⚫ 反應：________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ withdrawal reflex ➔ Known as ____________________ F ➔ 被稱為______________________ Other example coughing knee jerk " 其他例子 Aisaliva secretion. *** reflex · blink reflex T A $7. h 11  F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 E H. How does spinal cord coordinate reflex action? 脊髓如何協調反射動作？ 5L1. Withdrawal reflex 退縮反射 ① stimulatedto generate nerve impulse. nerve fibre - ↑ temperature/pain receptor orsal side T - in-skin of neurone sensory & - FRA ②nerve Fimpulsealong #A b · - EAE o ↑ - hot object. GAM the of sensory cell bodyneurore dorsal roof glion 1 to ↳ Cerebrumdorsalt neurone to sensory sensit I RETL spinal - cord Le A & PLANET En dy nerve I cell · fibre of of body motor neurone motor Z E ventral side HTD effector Y AFTE & ~ transmit along muscle ③ nerve the impulse interneurone EAS ⑤ arm withdrawn. h contracts to F GRANAUGH FRISTM ⑨ nerve. transmit impulse to the along the effector of 12 , motor neurone A GHLAA arm muscle  F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans y Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 2. Knee jerk reflex 膝躍反射 Know more about it 知道更多：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMr1fBiBTcg stretch receptor > stimulated - to generate in the nerve impulse upper. transmitted thigh muscle ② nerve impulse neurone to spirit z A o cord. · dorsal roof t of cell body theho *or ion fibre of -nerve - ----- sensory d - i A ( I boby I ·the nerve fibre of motor neurone DIELEAG up - neurone E or ⑤ the nerve Importance maintain body. transmitted impulsemotor 重要性 along neurore & balance posture rector y during walking. ED F LABAN ④ the thigh muscle contract #T ALAUREA F 13 and the leg kick forward (response). F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 I. What is voluntary action and involuntary action? 甚麼是隨意動作和不隨意動作？ 1. What is voluntary action? 甚麼是隨意動作？ if Example of voluntary action Receptor 感受器 Students answer to Effector Teacher is speaking in front teacher’s question. 學生 效應器 of you. 老師在你面前說話 回答老師的問題 2. What is the difference between voluntary action and involuntary action? 隨意動作和不隨意動作有甚麼分別？ A Voluntary action 隨意動作 Involuntary action 不隨意動作 # - (Reflex action 反射動作) Nature 性質 under the control of automatic not under consciousness. the control' of consciousness - GN , B Speed of responses 反應的速度 slower faster A Require learning? Yes, not inborn. No , it is inborn 需要學習？ ↳ ↑, A Stimulus may not need *** needed detected by receptor. y & 剌激 · can be initiated by cerebrum. ABS g Pathway taken by cerebrum - Xinvolve cerebrum. nerve impulses involve. 神經脈衝的傳遞 XAB A 路徑 - V involve medullar oblongate Pattern of responses Not stereotyped TEAL =As may vary depending - 反應形式 on stereotyped E stimulation. same stimulus always. results & LEAR in the same response. 1- FA 14 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 J. What is the difference between nerve impulse and neurotransmitter? 神經脈衝和神經遞質有甚麼分別？ Ex Nerve impulse 神經脈衝 7 0 Neurotransmitter 神經遞質 Nature of the signal electrical message. chemical message e. 訊號的本質 · ↑ Way of transmission along a. neurone across neurous through synapse 傳遞的方式 -4 I. -I GB -Y (by diffuses Speed 速度 faster (A) slower B Pathways and from hendron to direction of through synapse. * * -4 transmission cell body to axon. E S 傳遞的路徑和方向 # E GENE from axon of a newrone to **** E dendrons of another n F At produce Site of generation I know of in the syncuptic. EEAA 產生的位置 axon # The end of dendron. A Importance 重要性 allow quick transmission allow neurones to of message. communicate with each other 3 A # A K. What is the endocrine system? 甚麼是內分泌系統？ Have you ever heard of endocrine disorder? What is “endocrine” refer to? What is its relation to “coordination”? 你有聽過內分泌失調嗎？「內分泌」指的是甚麼？它與 協調有甚麼關係？ L These are the symptom when there is disorder in sex gland. However, our body have other gland in endocrine system. 這些是性腺出現異常時的症狀。然而，我們的身體還擁有其他內分泌系統 中的腺體。 Question for you: what are glands? 給你的問題：甚麼是腺體？ 15 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 1. What is endocrine gland? 甚麼是內分泌腺？ path I Hormone-secreting L Pituitary gland cells in the 腦下垂體 endocrine glands Blood capillary - 在腺體中的激素分 血微管 Thyroid gland 泌細胞 甲狀腺 Adrenal gland 腎上腺 hormone Secrete ______________ O - 分泌________________ = pancreas _____________ #E A _____________ hormone _____________ S* , _____________ ovary directly diffuse into Hormone travels to _____________ bloodsteam __________________ the17 target organ B - testis _____________ ________直接擴散入 激素轉運至目標器 A _____________ " ________ 官 2. O What are the feature of hormone? 激素有甚麼特徵？ (a) How does target organ receive the chemical message brought by hormone? 目標器官如何接收來自激素的化學信息？ 激素 A 的 激素 A 和 B 共 激素 B 的 目標細胞 同的目標細胞 目標細胞 非目標細胞 Receptor site Non-target cell for hormone A 激素 A 的受體 部位 I - 激素 A 激素 B Receptor site for hormone B 激素 B 的受體部位 specific have Therefore, hormone is _______________because it only act on cell that __________________ - for specific recognizing receptor site the hormone ____________________________________________________________________________ ) AGHB 因此，激素是___________的，因為它只會在_____________________________________ 的細胞上發揮作用。 (b) Hormone is traveling in bloodstream → they can reach to and affect more than one target far away from the. gland organ that is_______________________________________________________→ the widespread effect of hormone is________________ 激素在血液中轉運→它們可以到達 A B. __________________________________的目標器官 →激素的影響範圍___________ crotein (c) Hormone is usually ______________ I but some are steroid, such as sex hormones. in hig - · 激素通常都是____________，但有些是類固醇，如性激素。 low concentration. (d) Hormone are effective in _________ G 激素只需很____的濃度，已能揮發作用 16 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 3. What is the difference between endocrine gland and exocrine gland? 內分泌腺和外分泌腺有甚麼分別？ - 1) 8 Endocrine gland 內分泌腺 # Exocrine gland 外分泌腺 - Substance of secretion 分泌的物質 hormone enzyme: outside of the gland internalo Target site of secretion. 分泌的目標位置 organ AGE Al Present of gland duct 腺管的存在 X - -- Example 例子 · pancreas ↑ AERAD · salivary glad A H. 4. What is the hormone secreted by different endocrine glands and what is their function? 不同腺體所分泌的激素是甚麼？它們的功能是甚麼？ Endocrine gland Hormone 激素 Function 功能 內分泌腺 Pituitary gland 垂體 O Growth hormone (GH) 生長激素 Stimulates growth of skeletal muscles and bones 刺激骨骼肌和骨的生長 5 Anti-diuretic hormone Regulates the water content of the blood (ADH) 抗利尿激素 調節血液的水份含量 Follicle stimulating stimulatedevelopment of orum. hormone (FSH) 促卵泡激素 I SPAA t - Luteinizing hormone Stimulates ovulation in females (LH) 促黃體激素 刺激女性排卵 Thyroid gland Regulates the metabolic rate 甲狀腺 Thyroxine A調節代謝率 lower blood Pancreas insulin A glucose *. 胰 Glucagon 胰高血糖素 raise blood glucose. Adrenal gland 腎上腺 adrenalinePrepares the body for physical activity or emergency 預備身體在緊急情況下作出反應 Ovaries 卵巢 Stimulates the development of the female Oestrogen reproductive system and female secondary sexual E characteristics 刺激女性生殖系統的發育和第二性徵的發展 17 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 Progesterone Regulates the menstrual cycle 孕酮 控制月經週期 Testes 睾丸 testosterone Stimulates the development of the male reproductive system and male secondary sexual characteristics t 刺激男性生殖系統的發育和第二性徵的發展 W 5. How does hormone coordinate our body? 激素如何協調我們的身體？ Example: regulation of blood glucose 例子：血糖水平的調節 G After meal, the carbohydrate break E Receptor: Cell in pancreas detect the glucose down into __________ and then being absorbed into blood through. Stimuli: blood increase in blood glucose level glucose level blood capillaries _____________________. rise ____________. 受體：胰細胞探測到 刺激：飯後，碳水化合物被分解成 刺激：血糖水平 #S 血糖水平上升 T K. __________並經由_________被吸收 _______ 進血液 insulin stimulate Response: _____________. green liver to take up more ____________ and convert it into ___________to body store in liver. ___________ also stimulate somatic cell to take up more 0 Target cells: liver glucose Coordination: pancreas. ____________. cells and other insulin 反應：__________刺激肝細胞吸收 secrete __________- somatic cells T 更多__________並將其轉化成 目標細胞：肝細胞 into the bloodstream - AE ⑦ _________儲存在肝臟。________亦 和其他體細胞 協調：胰分泌 刺激體細胞吸收更多_________ T _________到血液中 Blood glucose level returns to normal 血糖水平回復正常 18 F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 6. Do you know our nevous system and endocrine system will coordinate together to respond to same stimuli? Watch the following video and answer the following questions. 你知道我們的神經系統和內分泌系統會一起協調，以對同樣的刺激做 出反應嗎？觀看以下視頻，回答以下問題。 Video: 神經系統和內分泌系統會共同協調生理反應 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OheI8Ij9NBA (a) This action mentioned in the video is voluntary or involuntary? State one evidence to support your answer. (a) 影片中提到的這個行為是隨意的還是不隨意的？請 提供一個證據支持你的答案。 _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (b) If we did not wear jacket when we feel cold, what is the response coordinated by nervous system and endocrine system respectively?? What is the significance of these response? 如 果我們在感到寒冷時不穿外套，神經系統和內分泌系統會分別協調我們的身體者出甚 麼反應？這些反應的意義是什麼？ Nervous system 神經系統:___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Endocrine system 內分泌系統:________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 19  F5 Biology/Chapter 17 Coordination in humans Class Note 中五級生物科／第十七課 人體的協調 課堂筆記 L. What is the difference between nervous coordination and hormonal coordination? 神經協調和激素協調有甚麼分別？ Nervous coordination Hormonal coordination 神經協調 激素協調 System involved nevous system. endocrine system A L system 涉及的系統 circulatory Nature of message ⚫ electrical (nerve ⚫ chemical Chormone) 信息的性質 impulse) MELEAEG). 4) chemical (neurotransmitter ⚫. 4 FREE T Route of transmission 傳遞途徑 along nerve fibre e. bloodstream i. across synapse I E DS Speed of transmission 傳遞速度 faster E A slower Speed of response 反應的速度 faster E A slower Duration of response 反應維持的時間 short term long lasting 2 · restricted to widespread Area affected 2 effector B *** 影響的範圍 (localized. 3. Responses coordinated involuntary _____________ action and 17 Growth and development, voluntary - 協調的反應 ________________ action # reproduction, regulation of the B __________動作和 internal environment 生長和發 & - _____________動作 育、生殖、體內環境的調節 with sudden different synchronizebody sustain Significance Fr loping. stimuli ↓part of survival. , At long-term EF EX* - W 20 --