ch 1 learning outcomes.docx

Define Microbiology: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are tiny living organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Name the 3 domains in taxonomy and list the characteristics of each: - Bacteria: Single-celled o...

Define Microbiology: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are tiny living organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Name the 3 domains in taxonomy and list the characteristics of each: - Bacteria: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus. They have a simple cell structure and can be found in various environments. - Archaea: Similar to bacteria but have unique biochemical and genetic traits. Often found in extreme environments, like hot springs or deep-sea vents. - Eukarya: Organisms with cells that have a true nucleus, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists. 3. Describe the 7 specific microorganism types and the general characteristics of each: - Bacteria: Single-celled, prokaryotic organisms with various shapes and metabolic pathways. - Archaea: Similar to bacteria but live in extreme conditions; have distinct genetic and biochemical traits. - Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular (like yeast) or multicellular (like molds). - Protozoa: Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are often motile and found in water or soil. - Algae: Photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms, mostly aquatic, can be single-celled or multicellular. - Helminths: Multicellular parasitic worms. - Viruses: Non-living infectious agents composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat, requiring a host to replicate. 4. Discuss the 8 levels of Linnaean Classification: The 8 levels from broadest to most specific are: - Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. 5. Discuss the benefits and importance of microorganisms to us and all other life: Microorganisms are essential for processes like decomposition, nutrient cycling, and fermentation. They are also used in biotechnology for producing antibiotics, vitamins, and vaccines, and they play a role in maintaining human health through the microbiome. 6. Describe what a pathogen is and the two types of pathogens: A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease. The two types of pathogens are: - Primary pathogens: Cause disease in healthy individuals (e.g., Streptococcus causing strep throat). - Opportunistic pathogens: Cause disease in individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., Candida causing infections in immunocompromised patients).