Introduction to Engineering PDF

Introduction to Engineering GE 106 First Term 2021/2022 Dr. El-Sayed I. Abdel Aziz  Topics to be covered …… What is Engineering? The Engineering Process Engineering Professions and jobs Technology Team work 2  Que...

Introduction to Engineering GE 106 First Term 2021/2022 Dr. El-Sayed I. Abdel Aziz  Topics to be covered …… What is Engineering? The Engineering Process Engineering Professions and jobs Technology Team work 2  Questions ???? 1. Do I really want to study engineering? 2. What is engineering and what do engineers do? 3. What are different engineering disciplines (specialization) are there? 4. Do I want to become a mechanical engineer, or should I pursue civil engineering? Or would I be happier becoming an electrical engineer? 5. How will I know that I have picked the best field for me? 6. Will the demand for my area of specialization be high when I graduate, and beyond that? 3  What is Engineering?  Engineering can be defined as the application of practical and scientific knowledge to the solving of a problem through the use of a methodical process. The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problem 4  What do engineers do?  Engineers use their knowledge of math and natural sciences (physics and chemistry) to design, develop, create, and test, using the materials and forces of nature, solutions to problems that affect mankind Engineers are problem solvers Knowledge Solving a problem Engineer Skills Improve service 5  Disciplines of Engineering Some examples are listed below Nuclear Acoustical Ceramic Energy Optical Aeronautical Chemical Environmental Petroleum Aerospace Civil Industrial Power Agricultural Computer Manufacturing Software Architectural Construction Materials Structural Automotive Mechanical Control Systems Bioengineering Mechatronics Cryogenic Textile Biochemical Metallurgical Electrical Tissue Biomedical Mining 6 Electronic Transportation Naval  CIVIL ENGINEERS Geotechnical Engineer Perform site investigations Foundation Design Tunnel Design Embankment Design Retaining Wall Design 7  CIVIL ENGINEERS Environmental Engineer Designs and plans prevention, control and remediation of:  environmental health hazards.  air pollution  water pollution  landfill design 8  CIVIL ENGINEERS Construction Engineer Develop Pert/CPM diagrams Performance Calculations Analyze Maps, Drawings, Blueprints, Aerial Photographry, and topographic maps. 9  CIVIL ENGINEERS Water Resource Engineer 10 Chemical Engineering You might:  Devise alternative production methods  Develop medications  Chemical production and transformation of raw materials  Computer Hardware Engineering You might:  Research, design, develop, and test computer systems  Design networks  Build computer systems  Analyze system requirements 12  Industrial Engineering You might:  Improve efficiency in hospitals  Determine machine layout for manufacturing facilities  Plan effective ways to build structures  Plan lay out production facilities, run organizations, transport goods 13 Marine & Ocean Engineering You might:  Build or maintain oil rigs  Build robots for deep sea exploration  Design marine vessels  Improve submarine technology  Petroleum Engineering You might:  Locate oil or natural gas reservoirs.  Design methods to extract and transport oil or natural gas. 15  Mining & Geological Engineering You might:  Design, develop, and maintain mines, mining equipment, and mining techniques needed to locate and extract ores and minerals from the Earth 16  MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Air & Space Production & Manufacturing Systems Energy 17 Machinery  ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Motors & Instruments Generators Electrical & Electronic Circuits Communication & Networks 18  Technical Support Customer Development Support Research Management Engineering jobs Sales What Engineers Do?? Design Maintenance Analysis Testing Construction  ENGINEERING JOBS Research 1. Knowledgeable in principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and mathematics 2. Computer know-how 3. Masters or Ph. D Degree is always required 20  ENGINEERING JOBS Design  Use computer design software as well as computer aided drafting software in their jobs  Largest number of engineers are employed 21  ENGINEERING JOBS Development  Bridge the gap between the laboratory and the production facility  Identify problems in a potential product 22  ENGINEERING JOBS Testing  Testing the durability and reliability of a product  Simulate instances and environments in which a product would be used Crash testing of a vehicle to observe effects of an air bag 23  ENGINEERING JOBS Analysis  Use computational tools and mathematic models to enrich the work of design and research engineers 24  Manufacturing ENGINEERING JOBS & Construction  Converting raw materials into finished product  Bringing together components from design engineers to make a complete product  Making sure all components of a product work together as was intended by design engineers 25  Operations & ENGINEERING JOBS Maintenance  Maintaining production line Technical know-how to deal with problems  Certified in various inspection methods 26  ENGINEERING JOBS Technical Support  Works between consumers and producers  Not necessarily have in depth knowledge of technical aspects of product  Must have good interpersonal skills 27  ENGINEERING JOBS Customer Support  Often have more of a technical knowledge  Evaluate whether or not a current practice is cost effective via feedback from customers 28  ENGINEERING JOBS Sales  Have technical background  Able to communicate effectively with customers 29 Technology Team Building  Basic concepts  Science: The study of nature and natural processes.  Scientists: seek technical answers to understand natural phenomenon.  Engineers: study technical problems with a practical application always in mind.  Technologists: More technical know-how to use and install the machines properly. More interested in hardware and processes. 31  What is Teamwork & Team Building  Group: One leader with two or more people who share a common goal  Teams: Two or more people, all lead and share a common goal (every member has a sense of ownership and responsibility) Types of Teams Formal teams: Developed within the formal organizational structure Functional (e.g., within a department) Cross-functional (e.g., from different departments) Informal teams: Individuals who get together outside the formal structure to accomplish a goal 32  What is Teamwork & Team Building Teamwork Concept of people working together as a team Someone who is able to get along with their colleagues Team player and work together in a cohesive group Process of establishing and developing a greater sense of Team Building collaboration and trust between members 33  Why Should We Be a Team?  When staff working together, they use their skills and knowledge together, the result is a stronger agency that can fulfill its mission  T----Together  E----Everyone  A----Achieves 34  M----More  Why Teams?  More Complex Problems  Power of Collaboration  Global Companies  Concurrent Engineering  Project Management 35  Stages in Team Building Forming  Forming – “What’s going on?” Storming  Norming – “I have to work with them?” Norming  Storming – “How do we work this out?”  Performing – “How can we keep this up?” Performing  Adjourning – “We did it – now what?” Adjourning 36  The Results of no Team Work 37  Assignment #1 1- Using the Internet, depending on your personal interests, prepare a brief two-page report about the goals and missions of 3 organization you have selected Bioengineering Ceramic engineering Chemical engineering Civil engineering Computer engineering Electrical engineering Electronic engineering Environmental engineering Industrial engineering Manufacturing engineering 38 Materials engineering Mechanical engineering  Assignment #2 2. If you are planning to study electrical engineering, investigate how electricity is generated and distributed. Write a brief report explaining your findings. 2. If you are planning to study civil engineering, investigate what is meant by dead load, live load, impact load, wind load, and snow load in the design of structures. 3. If you are planning to study Mechanical engineering, investigate what is meant by each of the following terms: Thermodynamics, Internal 39 Combustion engines, prototyping, Casting process