Cell Organelles Lesson PDF

Remember: All organisms are made of cells Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic All cells contain organelles- structures within cells that perform special functions Today we will learn about the different organelles, what they do, and in what cells they are found in Our Focus: I...

Remember: All organisms are made of cells Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic All cells contain organelles- structures within cells that perform special functions Today we will learn about the different organelles, what they do, and in what cells they are found in Our Focus: In each organelle, we will discuss its function (job) and the cells they are found in: Prokaryotic (like bacteria) Eukaryotic Plants or Animals (Remember: fungi and protists are eukaryotes too, but we are not focusing on those) Cell Membrane AKA Plasma membrane Found in: All Cells Prokaryotic- Yes Eukaryotic- Yes (Both plant and animal) Function: Maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell Cytoplasm Gel-like substance inside the cell Found in: All Cells Prokaryotic- Yes Eukaryotic- Yes (Both plant and animal) Function: It suspends the organelles and provides an environment for chemical reactions within the cell Ribosomes Found in: All Cells Prokaryotic- Yes Eukaryotic- Yes (both plants and animals) Floating in cytoplasm and on ER Function: Makes proteins Cytoskeleton A network of proteins found throughout the cell Found in: Eukaryotic Cells Both plants and animals Function: Provides structure for cells and movement of organelles  All of the rest of the organelles are considered to be “membrane bound” organelles (surrounded by a membrane). Therefore, they are only found in eukaryotic cells.  DNA Nucleus Surrounded by a nuclear membrane Found in: Eukaryotic Cells Both plants and animals Nucleolus Function: Stores genetic information (DNA) Nucleolus is found within and makes ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) “Rough” because of ribosomes Found in: All eukaryotic cells Both plants and animals Function: Makes and transports proteins Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Found in: All eukaryotic cells Both plants and animals Function: Makes lipids and membranes Also detoxifies (liver) Stores calcium (muscle) Golgi Bodies (Golgi apparatus) Found in: All eukaryotic cells Both plant and animal Function: Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins Can send proteins to other places within the cell or out of the cell Mitochondria Mitochondrion is singular Found in: All eukaryotic cells Both plants and animals Function: Creates energy (ATP) from food Site of cellular respiration Vacuole Found in: All eukaryotic cells Both plant and animal Function: Stores food, water, or wastes within the cell *plant cells have a special vacuole we will discuss Lysosome Found in: Animal Cells (May be few in plants but we will discuss only animals) Function: Uses enzymes to digest bacteria, viruses, and old organelles Old cell parts are recycled Centrosome Contains centrioles Found in: Animal Cells only Function: Create special structures called spindle fibers that are used in cell division Cell Wall Rigid structure outside of the cell membrane Found in: Plant cells and Prokaryotic cells Also fungi and algae Function: Provides shape, structure, and protection for the cell Chloroplast Found in: Plant Cells Other photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) Function: Site of photosynthesis Uses the sun’s energy to produce food Central Vacuole Found in: Plant Cells Function: Stores water in order to maintain plant shape Think: If a plant needs water, it wilts. Practice! Get familiar with the cell organelles by coloring the cells according to the table.