Computer Engineering Drafting and Design Module 1 PDF

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 1 3. Effective Communication × Freehand lettering allows Freehand Lettering...

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 1 3. Effective Communication × Freehand lettering allows Freehand Lettering designers to annotate - Vital skill for designers, engineers, sketches on the spot, and architects. facilitating real-time - It enhances the clarity and communication during professionalism of the sketches and brainstorming sessions or technical drawings. client meetings. IMPORTANCE OF FREEHAND LETTERING 4. Personal Expression × Unique lettering styles can 1. Clarity and Readability reflect the designer’s × Clear lettering improves the personality and creativity, understanding of sketches. making their work stand out. × It ensures that viewers can easily interpret labels, BASIC TECHNIQUES dimensions, and annotations, 1. Use guidelines to keep letters straight which are crucial for and evenly spaced. This can involve conveying technical lightly sketching horizontal lines to information. guide letter height. 2. Professional Presentation 2. Aim for uniform height, width, and × Well-executed lettering adds spacing. Consistency in lettering a polished look to sketches, contributes to the overall neatness of making them more the sketch. presentable. 3. Simple, geometric letters that are × It is important in professional easy to read. Ideal for technical settings where the first annotations. impression matters. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MATERIALS TO USE PAPER SIZES 1. H-Pencils (Hard) Standard Sheet Sizes: in millimeters - Hardness: H pencils have harder × A4: 210 x 297 leads, which produce lighter marks. × A3: 297 x 420 - Uses: × A2: 420 x 594 × Fine Details × A1: 594 x 841 × Initial Sketches × A0: 841 x 1189 × Drafting Computer engineers commonly use specific 2. HB-Pencils (Medium) standard sheet sizes for various applications, - Hardness: HB pencils have a balance including documentation, schematic designs, between hardness and softness, and technical drawings. producing a medium-dark marks. - Uses: APPLICATIONS IN COMPUTER × General Purpose ENGINEERING × Everyday Use × Circuit Design: Engineers use A3 or B × Sketching size sheets for circuit schematics and 3. B-Pencils (Soft) PCB layouts. - Hardness: B pencils have softer leads, × Documentation: A4 sheets are stand producing, darker marks. for writing reports, specifications and - Uses: user manuals. × Shading × System Architecture: Larger sheets × Expressive Drawing (A1 or Arch D) may be used for × Final Touches illustrating complex system architectures and networking diagrams. × Prototyping: Engineers might use various sizes for paper prototypes of sketches during the initial phase design. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN TYPES OF LINES MODULE 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS × Type of technical drawing that represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. × They consist of multiple views of the same object. TYPES × Front View: Shows the height and width. BASIC STROKES × Top View: Displays the width and depth. × Side View: Illustrates the height and depth of left and right view. UPPER CASE LETTERS & NUMERALS LINES TO USE COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 3 COMMON SYMBOLS FLOWCHARTING × Process of creating flowcharts, which are visual diagrams that represent a sequence of steps in a process or system. × Use standardized symbols and shapes to illustrate actions, decisions, and the flow of FLOW DIRECTIONS information. × Commonly used in various fields, × Arrows connect symbols to indicate business, engineering, software the sequence of actions and decisions. development, and education to × Top to bottom or left to right are the simplify and communicate complex flow. processes. PURPOSE OF FLOWCHARTING × Visualize processes for better understanding. × Identify inefficiencies or areas for improvement. × Facilitate communication among team members. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN TYPES OF FLOWCHARTS BENEFITS OF FLOWCHARTING 1. Basic Flowchart × Clarity: Provides a clear visual × Simple, straightforward step- representation, making complex by-step process. processes easier to understand. Use: Used for simple workflows, × Documentation: Acts as a formal standard operating procedures record of processes for training and (SOP), and training materials. reference. 2. Swimlane Diagrams × Problem Solving: Helps identify × Shows responsibilities across inefficiencies, redundancies, or different participants or bottlenecks in workflows. departments. APPLICATIONS OF FLOWCHARTING × Divides processes into lanes, × Business Processes: To map out each representing a different workflows, customer service participant, department or processes, or project management role. task. Use: Used in organization to clarify roles and responsibilities, especially × Software Development: For for cross-functional processes. algorithm design and system architecture visualization. They help in identifying handoffs × Education: To teach concepts and between departments. processes in a visual format. 3. Data Flow Diagrams: × Focus on the flow of data MORE INFO ON SWIMLANE DIAGRAM within a system. × A type of flowchart that visually × Shows how data is input, distinguishes responsibilities for processed and output. different participant in a process. Use: Commonly used in IT and × Organizes activities into lanes, where systems design to understand data each lane represents a specific factor, processing and improve system department, or stakeholder. architecture. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN × This format helps in clarifying who is × Improvement Initiatives: Analyze responsible for each part of a process and improve processes by identifying and how different roles interacts. delays and miscommunications. KEY FEATURES OF SWIMLANE DIAGRAMS EXAMPLE OF A SWIMLANE DIAGRAM × Lanes: The diagram is divided into horizontal or vertical lanes. Each lane corresponds to a participant or group involved in the process. × Process: Within each lane, the steps of the process are outlines in the form of standard flowchart symbols. × Flow: Arrows indicate the flow of the process, showing how tasks move from one lane to another, FLOWCHARTING TOOLS highlighting collaboration and handoffs between roles. × Miro.com × Clarity: Swimlane diagrams provide a × LucidChart.com clear visual representation that × Draw.io makes it easy to follow complex × SmartDraw.com processes and identify inefficiencies × Microsoft Visio or bottlenecks. × Canva.com USES OF SWIMLANE DIAGRAMS × Process Mapping: Map out complex processes involved in multiple stakeholders. × Roles and Responsibilities: Clarify who is responsible for each task. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 4 IMPORTANCE IN ENGINEERING AND DESIGN SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Facilitates Communication × Essential visual tools used to represent the components and × Provides a clear and concise way to connections of electrical and communicate complex information, electronic circuits. making it easier for teams to × Provides a clear, standardized way to collaborate. document and troubleshoot complex Design and Analysis systems. × Schematic diagrams emphasize the × Allow engineers to visualize the functional relationships and signal entire system, making it easier to pathways. analyze performance and troubleshoot issues. CHARACTERISTICS Documentation × Simplifies representation of × Essential for documenting designs, components. which are critical for future reference × Uses standardized symbols and notations. and maintenance. × Focus on the logical flow rather than APPLICATIONS OF SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM physical construction. Computer/Electronics/Electrical PURPOSE IN ENGINEERING Engineering: Used to represent circuits wiring, and connections in devices and × Illustrates circuit functionality and systems. design, aids in troubleshooting, serves as the blueprint for Mechanical Engineering: Illustrated to show manufacturing. mechanical systems, such as gears, levers, linkage. Civil Engineering: Applied in infrastructure projects to depict flow systems like drainage. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN WIRING AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM useful for design and understanding circuit operation. 1. Wiring Diagram Layout: Typically organized to make Purpose: Illustrates the physical the circuit's function clear, rather connections and layout of an than the physical layout. electrical/electronic system. Detail: Shows the actual connections COMMON SYMBOLS IN SCHEMATIC between components, including DIAGRAM wires, connectors, and physical Resistors: Represented by a zigzag line or a locations. rectangle. They limit current flow and are Focus: Focuses on the installation, fundamental in voltage division. and real-life application, so it’s useful Capacitors: Shown as two parallel lines (for for installation and troubleshooting. non-polarized) or one curved line (for Layout: Often includes labels for wire polarized). They store electrical energy colors, lengths, and types to aid in the temporarily. actual wiring. 2. Circuit Diagram (Schematic Diagram) Inductors: Depicted as a series of loops or Purpose: Represents the theoretical curves. They store energy in a magnetic field design of an electrical circuit, when current flows through them. showing how components Transistor: A semiconductor device that can functionally connect. amplify or switch electronic signals and Detail: Uses symbols to represent electrical power. It consists of three layers of component-like resistors, capacitors, semiconductor material, typically made of and transistors, and lines to silicon, and has three terminals: the emitter, represent connections. It does not base, and collector. usually show physical aspects like wire types. Diodes: Shown as a triangle pointing to a Focus: Emphasizes the logical flow line. They allow current to flow in one and function of the circuit, so it’s direction and are critical in rectification processes. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN READING AND INTERPRETING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS Identifying Components: Recognize the various electronic components (power sources, ground connection) and their corresponding symbols within the schematic. Introduce students to the importance of component datasheets Trace Connections: Follow the ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION (EDA) interconnections between components to × It refers to a category of software Understand the flow of signals and power tools used to design electronic within the circuit. systems, primarily circuit boards and Interpret Labels: Understand the meaning of integrated circuits (ICs). EDA tools the annotations and labels to gain additional automate various aspects of context about the circuit's operation. Read electronic design processes, making schematics from left to right and top to it easier for engineers to create, test, bottom, similar to reading text. and validate electronic components and systems. COMMON TOOLS AND SOFTWARE FOR CREATING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS BEST PRACTICES IN SCHEMATIC DESIGN × Use Standardized Symbols and Notation: Consistency in symbols and notation helps in understanding and maintaining the schematic. Utilize industry-standard symbols for components like resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits. × COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN × Keep the Design Simple and Clear: A Clearly indicate unconnected pins to clear schematic is easier to read and avoid confusion about whether they understand, which reduces errors are intentionally left floating. during implementation and × Document the Design Thoroughly: troubleshooting. Avoid overcrowding Comprehensive documentation is the schematic with too many vital for understanding and components. maintaining the design in the future. × Properly Label Components: Clear Include notes, comments, and labeling helps with identification and explanations directly in the troubleshooting. Use meaningful schematic where necessary. Maintain designators (e.g., R1 for the first a separate document that outlines resistor, C2 for the second capacitor). the design specifications. Include values (e.g., resistance, × Version Control and Backups capacitance) and important Importance: Keeping track of specifications directly on the changes helps in managing revisions schematic. and understanding the evolution of × Maintain a Logical Layout: A logical the design. layout aids in understanding the flow Recommendation: Implement of signals and power within the version control systems (e.g., Git) to circuit. Organize components manage changes to the schematic logically, with input signals on the left files and ensure that backups are and output signals on the right. made regularly to prevent data loss. Group related components together. × Test and Validate the Design × Use Appropriate Connection Importance: Testing ensures that the Methods: Clear connections prevent schematic performs as intended mistakes and confusion during before proceeding to manufacturing. assembly and debugging. Use Recommendation: Simulate the junction dots to indicate connections circuit using appropriate software between lines and avoid ambiguity. tools to verify functionality. Make COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN adjustments based on simulation × IEC Standards: The International results before finalizing the design. Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) provides a global standard for EXAMPLE DESIGNS electrical symbols (IEC 60617). This standard is used internationally and covers a vast array of symbols for electrical components and systems. × DIN Standards: The Deutsches Institut für Normung(DIN) offers standards primarily in Germany. DIN ORGANIZATIONS THAT ESTABLISH 40700 is an example that specifies STANDARDS RELEVANT TO SCHEMATIC symbols used in electrical diagrams, DIAGRAMS which are widely recognized in × IEEE Standards: The Institute of European engineering practices. Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) provides a set of standards for electrical and electronic diagrams, including IEEE Std 91 for symbols used in electrical diagrams and IEEE Std 315 for graphical symbols used in electrical and electronics. × ANSI Standards: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has developed standards for various engineering disciplines, including ANSI Y32.2, which covers graphical symbols for electrical and electronics diagrams. These symbols are widely accepted in the United States. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 5 × 3D Viewer: Visualize designs in 3D, including components and the CIRCUIT LAYOUT USING KICAD placement on the PCB. Circuit Layout PROCESS OF CREATING A NEW PROJECT × A crucial step in the electronics × Create a New Project: Choose a design process, where the schematic project name and directory to store diagram is transformed into a your design files. physical representation for a printed × Add Components: Search and insert circuit board (PCB). the components you need from the × This involves arranging components, built-in library or custom libraries. routing connections, and ensuring × Connect Components: Draw wires that the design meets electrical and and connections between mechanical constraints. components, ensuring proper WHAT IS KiCAD? connections in your circuit. × KiCad is an open-source software SCHEMATIC DESIGN suite used for electronic design × Component Placement: Arrange automation (EDA). components on the schematic × It facilitates the design of electronic canvas, ensuring clarity and logical schematics and printed circuit boards flow. (PCBs). × Wire Connections: Draw wires to KEY FEATURES OF KiCAD connect components according to × Schematic Editor: Create and edit the circuit's design, ensuring proper electronic circuit diagrams with a paths. wide array of components. × Annotations: Label components, × PCB Layout Editor: Design and route wires, and nets for clarity and printed circuit boards with advanced organization, adding important tools for routing and placement. details. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN FOOTPRINTS × Component Placement: Place components on the PCB, ensuring clearance and proper positioning. × Routing: Connect components using traces, considering electrical rules and physical constraints. × Via Placement: Create vias to connect traces on different layers of the PCB, ensuring proper connections. PCB LAYOUT × Top Layer: Surface-mount components, traces, and vias. × Bottom Layer: Through-hole components, traces, and vias. MANUFACTURING AND FABRICATION × Gerber File Generation: KiCad exports Gerber files, which are standard formats used by PCB manufacturers. × PCB Fabrication: The Gerber files is the submitted file to a PCB manufacturer for fabrication. × Component Assembly: Components can be assembled manually or by a professional assembly service. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 6 COMPONENT SHORT CUT INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT SIMULATION V = Voltage source What is LTSpice? G = Reference/Ground × LTspice is a free, powerful SPICE R = linear resistance based simulation tool developed by C = Ceramic capacitor Linear Technology (now part of L = Inductor Analog Devices). × It is widely used for simulating analog D = Diode circuits W = Wire PURPOSE STANDARD UNIT PREFIXES IN LTSpice × The software allows users to simulate the behavior of electronic circuits without physically building them, saving time and resources in the design process. APPLICATION OF LTspice × Academe × Industry: Engineers and designers use LTspice for product development, testing circuit designs, and troubleshooting existing circuit. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN STEPS IN USING LTSpice × Parametric Analysis: Allows you to simulate the circuit multiple times × Step 1: Open LTspice while varying one or more × Step 2: Create a New Schematic parameters × Step 3: Place Components × Step 4: Wire the Components × Step 5: Set Component Values × Step 6: Add a Simulation Command (if needed) × Step 7: Run the Simulation × Step 8: Analyze Results CONFIGURING ANALYSIS × Transient Analysis: Simulates the circuit's response over time, capturing how voltages and currents change in response to time-varying inputs. × AC Analysis: Determines the frequency response of the circuit, showing how the circuit behaves at different frequencies. × DC Sweep Analysis: Evaluates the circuit's behavior as a DC parameter (voltage or current) is varied. × Noise Analysis: Evaluates the noise performance of a circuit, providing insights into how noise affects signal integrity. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN MODULE 7 telecommunication, home appliances, automotive and robotic WHAT IS A PCB? technologies, offering advantages × A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a flat such as faster functionality, improved board made of insulating material control, and enhanced precision that serves as a foundation for compared to conventional wiring mounting electronic components. methods. × It features conductive pathways, PCB DESIGN TOOLS typically made of copper, which connect various components such as resistors, capacitors, and microchips, allowing them to communicate and function together as part of an electronic circuit. CHARACTERISTICS OF A PCB × Material Composition: Made from non-conductive materials (like fiber and glass). × Electrical Conduction: Utilizes copper tracks instead of traditional wires for electrical connections. Design the PCB Circuit with a Software × Component Assembly: Involves × Draw the schematic circuit diagram drilling holes for components, which with the PCB layout software such as are then inserted and soldered to CAD software-Eagle, Multisim create complete circuits. software and KiCAD. × Applications: Widely used in × This type of PCB design software electronic products, particularly in contains a library of components that consumer electronics, medical can be used to build the circuit. devices, industrial equipment, COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN × It is also possible to change the circuit sheared to create multiple boards of design’s position and then to modify varying sizes. it according to your convenience and Preparing Drill Holes for PCBs requirement. × Drilling holes in printed circuit boards Film Generation Overview (PCBs) is done using machines and × Film generation involves creating a carbide drills. negative image or mask from the × There are two main types of drilling finalized PCB layout. machines: × This process uses the design from × Hand Machines: Require manual PCB layout software, which is then effort to drill holes. sent to the manufacturing unit. × CNC Machines: Computer-controlled There, the negative image is printed machines that follow programmed onto a plastic sheet, serving as a instructions for automated or manual crucial step for further PCB drilling. production. × The drilling patterns, including drill bit sizes, number of holes per panel, Select Raw Material and drilling times, are stored in the × Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are computer. primarily made from unbreakable × The PCB boards are placed in the CNC glass or fiberglass with copper foil machine, which drills holes according bonded to one or both sides. to the specified pattern for × Less expensive options include component placement. phenolic paper with bonded copper, Applying Image on PCBs commonly used in household electrical devices. × The printed circuit layout can be × The industry-standard thickness for applied to PCBs using various copper-clad laminates is typically methods, including manual pens, dry 0.059 inches, and panels may be transfers, pen plotters, and printers, COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN with laser printers being the most Testing for PCBs effective. × After manufacturing, printed circuit The process involves the following steps: boards (PCBs) undergo testing to ensure proper functionality. × Use clean copper paper and place it × Modern automatic testing in the laser printer. equipment is available for high- × Store the designed layout film on the volume PCB testing. computer. × The laser printer prints the circuit The main types of testing equipment layout onto the copper paper when a include: print command is received from the × ATG Test Machines: These feature computer. flying probes for efficient testing. Stripping and Etching × Fixtureless Testers: These offer universal grid testing capabilities, × The stripping and etching process allowing for versatile assessment of removes unwired copper from PCBs circuit boards. using chemicals like ferric chloride and ammonium persulfate. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRINTED CIRCUIT × Solvent Preparation: Mix 1% sodium BOARDS hydroxide with 10 grams of sodium Different Types of Printed Circuit Boards hydroxide pellets in one liter of water (PCBs) until dissolved. × Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are self- × Cleaning: Place the PCB in a chemical contained boards with bowl and clean it with a brush. If the interconnected electrical and PCB is greasy from sunflower or seed electronic components found in oil, the developing process may take devices phones, radios, and about one minute. computers. They consist of a layer of conducting material on an insulating COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN substrate, with components soldered Single-Sided Printed Circuit Boards to the circuits. × Single-sided printed circuit boards Types of PCBs: (PCBs) consist of one layer of substrate, with one side coated in a × Single-Sided PCBs: Components are thin layer of metal, typically copper, mounted on one side of the for electrical conductivity. substrate. × Double-Sided PCBs: Components are Key Features: mounted on both sides. × A protective solder mask is applied × Multi-Layered PCBs: Multiple layers over the copper layer. of circuits are stacked for complex × A silkscreen layer may be added to designs. mark components on the board. × Rigid PCBs × All circuits and electronic × Flex PCBs components are located on one side. × Rigid-Flex PCBs Advantages and Limitations: Connection Methods: × Ideal for simple electronics, making × Hole Technology: Components have them popular for beginners. leads that pass-through holes in the × Cost-effective for mass production substrate and are soldered on the compared to other types of PCBs. reverse side. × However, their use is limited due to × Surface Mount Technology: inherent design constraints. Components have terminals that Single Sided PCB directly contact the PCB, with solder paste (including glue, solder, and flux) applied to secure them until soldering occurs. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN Double-Sided Printed Circuit Boards Double Sided PCB × Double-sided printed circuit boards (PCBs) are more common than single- sided boards, featuring conductive metal layers on both sides of the substrate. Components are attached to both sides, with holes allowing connections between circuits. Multilayer PCBs Connection Techniques: × Multilayer printed circuit boards × Through-Hole Technology: Involves (PCBs) enhance design density and feeding small leads through holes in complexity by incorporating multiple the PCB and soldering them to the layers beyond the top and bottom corresponding components. layers found in double-sided boards. × Surface Mount Technology: Uses small leads that are soldered directly Key Features: onto the board, eliminating the need × Increased Layers: Designers can for wires. create thick and complex designs Advantages: with numerous layers. × Power Planes: These additional layers × Surface mount technology allows for supply power to circuits and reduce more circuits in a smaller space, electromagnetic interference (EMI). enhancing functionality while By placing signal layers between reducing weight and increasing power planes, lower levels of EMI are speed compared to through hole achieved. Examples: Laptops boards. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN Rigid PCBs Flex PCBs × Rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs) are × Flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs) characterized by their solid, inflexible use a flexible plastic substrate, substrate material, typically allowing them to bend and fit into fiberglass, which prevents twisting shapes that rigid boards cannot. This and bending. flexibility enables movement during use without damaging the circuits. Key Features: Key Features: × Solid Structure: The rigidity of the substrate provides stability and × Material: Made from flexible plastic, durability. which accommodates various forms × Common Usage: A typical example is and movements. the motherboard found in computer Advantages: towers, which showcases the rigidity essential for reliable performance in × Reduces the need for heavy or bulky electronic devices. Rigid PCBs are wiring, making them ideal for space- sensitive applications like satellites. widely used in various applications × Available in formats such as single- due to their robustness and sided, double-sided, or multilayer. reliability. Despite higher design and production costs, flex PCBs offer significant benefits in terms of versatility and space efficiency. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN Rigid-Flex Printed Circuit Boards KiCAD MENU OF OPTIONS × Rigid-flex printed circuit boards Schematic Editor (PCBs) combine the technologies of × The Schematic Editor is where you both rigid and flexible circuit boards. create and edit circuit schematics. It A basic rigid-flex board consists of a allows for the placement of rigid PCB connected to a flexible components, wiring, and annotation circuit board, allowing for more of the schematic, serving as the complex designs when needed. foundation for your PCB design. Key Features: Symbol Editor × Hybrid Design: Merges the stability × In the Symbol Editor, you can create of rigid boards with the flexibility of and modify symbols for electronic flex boards. components. This includes defining × Complexity: Can be designed to meet the graphical representation and intricate requirements, making them electrical properties, which are then versatile for various applications. used in the Schematic Editor. Examples: Smart Phones, tablets, PCB Editor wearable devices. × The PCB Editor is used for designing the physical layout of printed circuit boards. It enables you to place components, route connections, and define the board’s shape and dimensions. COMPUTER ENGINEERING DRAFTING AND DESIGN Footprint Editor Drawing Sheet Editor × The Footprint Editor allows you to × The Drawing Sheet Editor is used to create and edit footprints that create and manage the layout of correspond to the physical pads and documentation sheets for outlines of components on the PCB. schematics and PCB designs. It helps It’s essential for ensuring that organize and present design components fit properly on the information clearly. board. Plugin and Content Manager Gerber Viewer × This feature allows users to manage × The Gerber Viewer is a tool for plugins and additional content, visualizing Gerber files, which are enhancing the functionality of KiCad used in PCB manufacturing. It helps by integrating third-party tools and verify that the design output libraries into the design workflow. matches the intended layout before SCHEMATIC SHORTCUTS production. Image Converter × This tool converts images into formats suitable for PCB designs, such as bitmaps. It’s useful for adding logos or graphics directly onto the PCB. Calculator Tools × Calculator Tools provide various utilities for performing electronic calculations, such as resistor values, voltage dividers, and other design- related computations.