CE 104 - Code Provisions (PDF)

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES - MANILA CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 104 - CODE PROVISIONS PRESENTED BY: ENGR. HOWELL KIM H. VENTOSA INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs) Identify various m...

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES - MANILA CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 104 - CODE PROVISIONS PRESENTED BY: ENGR. HOWELL KIM H. VENTOSA INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs) Identify various minimum standards and requirements in a building based on the National Building Code of the Philippines. Explain various structural terms in relation to the design of structure based from the National Structural Code of the Philippines. Distinguish various pertinent codes and standards related to the National Building Code of the Philippines. Generate building plans using the given standards in the National Building Code of the Philippines. CODE PROVISIONS Codes and Standards are fundamental to building design, serving as essential guidelines that designers must follow. They ensure uniformity and effectiveness across different designs, providing proven safeguards and reducing the risk of anonymous or inconsistent design practices. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES RA 6541( Republic Act 6541) Formerly called PD 1096 Signed by Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. on February 16, 1977. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control; and to this end, make it the purpose of the Code to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design, quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance. SCOPE AND APPLICATION It covers multiple disciplines, including architectural, civil/structural, electrical, mechanical, sanitary, plumbing, and electronics. It applies to various activities related to public and private buildings and structures, excluding traditional indigenous family dwellings and those covered by Batas Pambansa Bilang 220 (Economic and Socialized Housing Projects). Existing buildings or structures without proper permits can be legalized if they comply with RA 6541. However, penalties, surcharges, fines, and other measures will be imposed. It will use applicable and consistent provisions from allied professional codes and other government agency codes, as approved by the DPWH Secretary, as referral codes under PD 1096. GENERAL BUILDING REQUIRMENTS All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all respects to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they are designed. Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards. Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition. SITE REQUIREMENTS The land or site for constructing any building or related facility must be sanitary, hygienic, and safe. For buildings meant for human habitation, they should be located at a safe distance from polluted water bodies, polluted air sources, volcanoes, and potential fire or explosion hazards, as determined by competent authorities. NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the design of buildings, towers, and other vertical structures, and minimum standards and guidelines to safeguard life or limb, property and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials pertaining to the structural aspects of all buildings and structures within its jurisdiction. NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES The National Structural Code of the Philippines has gone many versions, from its first release in 1972 as National Structural Code for Buildings (NSCB) then on its third edition in 1987 as the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), up to the current 7th edition of NSCP 2015. SCOPE OF NSCP The code's provisions govern the construction, alteration, demolition, repair, maintenance, and use of buildings, towers, and other vertical structures. For special structures like single-family dwellings, storage silos, liquid tanks, and hydraulic flood control structures, specific design guidelines are required. However, the code's provisions serve as the minimum standard when applicable to these structures due to their unique design needs, such as hydraulic forces. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Strength Requirement Serviceability Requirement Structural Analysis Foundation Investigation Design Review STRENGTH REQUIREMENT Buildings, towers, and other vertical structures must be designed and constructed to withstand all imposed loads, such as dead and live loads, within the limitations set by the code. SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENT It refers to how well a structure fulfills its intended purpose, ensuring it remains usable once operational. The code requires that structural systems and members be designed with sufficient stiffness to limit deflections, drifts, vibrations, or other deformations that could negatively impact the use and performance of buildings, towers, and other vertical structures. SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Structural analysis must be based on rational principles of mechanics, considering equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility, and both short-term and long-term material properties. Analysis should account for residual deformations in structural members that accumulate under repeated service loads, including added eccentricities expected during their service life. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS The analysis should ensure a system that provides a complete load path, transferring all loads and forces from their origin to load-resisting elements. Considerations should include resisting overturning forces, self- restraining forces (e.g., due to temperature, moisture, shrinkage, heave, creep), and uplift and sliding forces in the roof, columns, and walls. FOUNDATION INVESTIGATION Required for buildings, towers, and vertical structures as mandated by the Building Official to ensure proper foundation investigation and effective foundation design. DESIGN REVIEW Design calculations, drawings, and specifications must undergo review by an independent recognized structural engineer hired by the owner. The design review should verify compliance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), including design load criteria, design concept, mathematical models, and techniques. The review ensures there are no major errors in calculations, drawings, and specifications, and that the structure meets minimum standards for safety, adequacy, and standard design procedures. FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (RA 9514) The State's policy focuses on ensuring public safety, promoting economic development by preventing and suppressing destructive fires, and professionalizing the fire service. To achieve this, the State enforces laws, rules, and regulations to ensure compliance with standard fire prevention and safety measures and promotes accountability in fire protection and prevention services. SCOPE AND APPLICATION This chapter focuses on life safety during fires and similar emergencies in buildings, structures, and facilities. It includes construction, protection, and occupancy features to reduce dangers from fire, smoke, vapor, and fumes before evacuation. It outlines fire drill procedures and guidelines for all types of occupancies to avoid panic. It specifies the number, size, and arrangement of exits needed for safe and prompt evacuation. SCOPE AND APPLICATION The chapter allows for better designs, construction methods, or additional exits beyond the specified requirements. New methods or devices are permitted if they are proven to be equivalent in quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to the standards prescribed by this rule. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Buildings designed for human occupancy must have exits sufficient for fast and safe evacuation in emergencies. Exit designs should not rely solely on one safety feature; multiple safeguards are needed to account for potential failures. Buildings must be designed, constructed, equipped, maintained, and operated to protect occupants from fire, smoke, vapor, and fumes during evacuation. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Exits must be appropriate in kind, number, location, and capacity, considering occupancy, the number of people, available fire protection, and building type and height. Exits must be free and unobstructed at all times. Locks or fastenings that prevent escape are prohibited, except in specific institutions with adequate evacuation provisions. Exits and escape routes must be clearly marked and visible to ensure occupants know the direction of escape. Non-exit doors and passages should be marked to avoid confusion. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS All means of egress must be adequately and reliably illuminated. Fire alarm systems or devices must be installed in buildings based on their size, arrangement, or occupancy to provide sufficient warning to occupants. Buildings or sections with occupancy risks due to potential blocking of exits by fire or smoke must have at least two remote means of egress. Exits should be arranged to minimize the risk of both being blocked by the same emergency condition. Vertical exits and openings between floors must be properly enclosed or protected to ensure occupant safety and prevent the spread of fire, smoke, or fumes through these openings before occupants reach the exits. SANITATION PROVISIONS According to the National Building Code and Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines, all buildings intended for human habitation must have adequate and potable water supply, plumbing installation, wastewater treatment or disposal systems, stormwater drainage, pest and vermin control, and noise abatement devices. These requirements are essential for safeguarding the health of occupants and nearby residents. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Buildings for human habitation must obtain potable water from the municipal or city waterworks system. Drinking water must meet the criteria set by the latest National Standards for Drinking Water. The design, construction, and operation of deep wells for groundwater extraction must comply with the Water Code of the Philippines. Private housing subdivisions or industrial estates with their own water systems must adhere to local waterworks regulations. Interior water piping must follow the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM Buildings must discharge sanitary sewage into the nearest street sanitary sewer main of the municipal or sanitary sewerage system, following the Code on Sanitation and National Pollution Control Commission criteria. Buildings in areas without municipal sewerage systems must use approved private sewage disposal systems, such as septic tanks. Plumbing Installations: Sanitary and industrial plumbing installations within buildings must comply with the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM Rainwater drainage shall not be discharge to the sanitary sewer system. As such, adequate provisions shall be made to drain low areas in buildings and its premises. PEST AND VERMIN CONTROL Buildings with hollow or wood construction must have rat proofing, such as steel rat guards or screens on drainpipes and hard metal strips on doors and windows. Garbage bins and receptacles must be easily cleanable and protected against pests and vermin. Public dining rooms without artificial ventilation must be properly screened to prevent pest entry. NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL Industrial establishments must use noise abatement devices to reduce equipment and machinery noise to levels set by the Department of Labor and Employment and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Additionally, noise and excessive vibration from construction must adhere to emission standards established by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE All electrical systems, equipment and installations mentioned in the Code shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 (PEC-1) and Part 2 (PEC-2), as adopted by the Board of Electrical Engineering pursuant to Republic Act 7920, otherwise known as the Philippine Electrical Engineering Law. OBJECTIVES OF THE PEC a) Safe Use of Electricity - to establish basic materials quality and electrical work standards for the safe use of electricity for light, heat, power, communications, signaling and for other purposes. b) Adequacy – Strict compliance with the provisions of this Code will ensure safety in electrical installation and construction, but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service or future expansion of electrical use. MECHANICAL REGULATIONS All mechanical systems, equipment and installations mentioned in the Code shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Code, as adopted by the Board of Mechanical Engineering pursuant to RA 8495 as amended, otherwise known as the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Law.