Clinical Chemistry Lecture PDF

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY – Lecture 3rd Year – MED221 National University – MOA Introduction to the Clinical Chemistry Section of Performed the 1st elemental chemical analysis of the Laboratory proteins...

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY – Lecture 3rd Year – MED221 National University – MOA Introduction to the Clinical Chemistry Section of Performed the 1st elemental chemical analysis of the Laboratory proteins Clinical Chemistry PPOSPER SYLVAIN DENIS (1841) Described the separation of blood proteins into The primary purpose of a clinical chemistry albumins and globulins by salt precipitation laboratory is to perform analytic procedures that yield accurate and precise information, aiding in patient HERMAN FEHLING (1848) diagnosis and treatment Performed the 1st quantitative test for urine sugar Defined as the study of biochemical processes and JULES DUBOSCQ (1854) qualitative and quantitative analyses of constituents Developed the 1st visual colorimeter based on in body fluids or tissues to facilitate the diagnosis and Beer's Law treatment of disease. MAX JAFFE (1886) This section of the laboratory involves laboratory Developed the alkaline picrate method for the analyses that can evaluate the general condition of determination of creatinine an organ of the body. JULIUS ELSTER and HANS FRIEDRICH GEITEL Chemistry profiles or panels are groups of tests used (1893) to evaluate a particular organ, body system or the Invented the photoelectric cell general health of a patient. T.W. RICHARDS (1893) Clinical Chemistry - Is the medical discipline that Invented the nephelometer uses various methods of analysis and instrumentation to determine values or chemical components in normal and diseased states, types and concentrations of blood toxins, and therapeutic drug levels Analyte - substance to be measured. o Kidney Profile: NPN's o Liver Profile: Ammonia, Liver Enzymes (AST,ALT), Bilirubin o Lipid Profile: Cholesterol, TAG, HDL, LDL OTTO FOLIN (1907) Developed test for urine analytes (urea, NH4, crea, Reagent UA, total nitrogen, P, Cl, total S04 & acidity) - are chemical solutions that are used in Attempted to measure blood ammonia diagnostic tests, They are usually: Introduced the colorimetric method for epinephrine o Liquid o Lyophilized Published the 1st reference values of UA, NPN & o Frozen CHON in blood Established the relationship of NPN's to renal Brief History function ANTOINE DE FOURCROY (1789) Developed FOLIN CIOCALTEU reagent Discovered cholesterol I Considered the Father of Clinical Chemistry GERARDUS MULDER (1830) (Northeastern part of USA)  CLINICAL CHEMISTRY – Lecture 3rd Year – MED221 National University – MOA 1920 1st lab method for serum Phosphorus 1921 1st lab method for serum Magnesium ARNE TISELIUS (1926) Developed the moving boundary for electrophoresis of proteins (1946) developed the separation of proteins by WROBLEWSKI and LA DUE (1955) chromatography Developed the lab method for serum lactate OTTO FOLIN (1929) dehydrogenase (LDH) introduced the use of the light filter in colorimetry (1956) developed the method for serum alanine KAY (1930) amino transferase (ALT) activity (formerly SGPT) & Developed the first test for Alkaline Phosphatase recognized its greater specificity for liver disease which started Clinical enzymology KARMEN (1955) CHERRY and CRANDALL (1932) Developed the clinical laboratory method for AST Developed the first test for serum lipase (aspartate amino transferase) formerly known as SGOT SOMOGYI (1938) Developed tests for serum and urine amylase VAN HANDEL and ZILVERSMITH (1957) Developed a direct method for the determination of GUTMAN (1938) Triglycerides Developed the 1st assay of Acid Phosphatase 1960 CONWAY and COOK (1939) 1st method of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in Developed the 1st lab method for blood alamonia serum is introduced 1940 FEICHTMEIER -invents the mechanical pipettor Visual colorimeters began to be replaced by FEICHTMEIER -invents the mechanical pipettor photoelectric colorimeters Developed a method for glutamic dehydrogenase 1948 (GLDH) American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC) SAVORY (1971) was founded Developed serum albumin assay on the Technicon LEVEY and JENNINGS (1950) Auto Analyzer (1955) Adapted the Shewhart Quality Control chart to be J. WESTGARD (1973) used in clinical laboratories Introduced Westgard Control rules into Clinical KUBY (1954) laboratory QC Developed the lab method for serum creatine phosphokinase activity