Clinical Chemistry Past Paper PDF

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‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ PLEASE KEEP THIS FILE CONFIDENTIAL ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ‼️ ANNOUNCEMENT: Yellow for correct answers Orange for unsure answers 1. All numbers apply to all subjects in MCE 2. Please INPUT agad sa docs ang questions nyo WITHIN THE DAY 3. Ang indi mag type question WITHIN THE DAY after exam, AUTOMATICALLY E-REMOVE sa docs. 4. Write your question sa phone nyo lng sa notes or paper AFTER EVERY SUBJECT para indi nyo malipatan (As much as possible, ang choices itry man type biskan keywords lang if laba) 5. Try to memorize/familiarize the question and choices assigned to you before you pass your paper (If laba ang question, get the main idea/keywords) 6. If ever may nakasulat na sa number mo but lain man imo question, sugpon lang after 100 nga number 7. ALSO, IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO PUT CORRECT ANSWER AND MAKE THE RATIONALE 8. Ang mga same questions pwede ta na ma delete kung maka input na tanan. K NOTE: WE are here to help each other, don’t be selfish or greedy. PLEASE COOPERATE. Thank you! FORMAT AR Question 1. IF SAME NUMBER AND MAY NAKA INPUT NA BUT LAIN IMO QUESTION, Answer a. b. Put ang choices here Correct answer Rationale Why muna ang answer Add ano pagid ano ang iban na M PLEASE SUGPON SUNOD SA 100. c. Not sure upod if may ara (Ex. TAG, HDL, d. LDL and meaning) Pwede man page sa book ER AT CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Question Answer Rationale W 1. Separation.. migration of a. chromatography charged particles in an electric b. Electrophoresis field 2. The Medtech during his shift notices a. Deteriorates due to reagent aging One cause of Trend is that the reagent the sample control going downshift is deteriorating. Trend is considered as a systematic error 3.What Protective equipment is used a. Face mask for Face splashes b. Face shield c. Gloves d. contact lenses 4.What protective equipment when the a. Face mask patient has TB… Aerosolizing b. Face shield c. Respirator 5. Chemical that spontaneously a. Combustible ignite/explode b. Corrosive c. Reactive d. carcinogenic 6. Quality control in Levy Jenning a. 20-30 days in 20 different days b. 20-30 days 1 batch c. Daily in one month from aliquot with more than one control serum d. Consistent with one personnel only 7. a. Oxalates Torento, p. 19 Anticoagulant that binds calcium to This anticoagulant combines with form calcium oxalate salts calcium to form an insoluble calcium oxalate salt. 8. Anticoagulant for blood analysis and a. Citrate Torento, p. 20 ammonia b. Heparin This anticoagulant is recommended for c. Sodium oxalate blood gas, pH, and ammonia. It is d. Fluoride considered the ideal universal anticoagulant. 9. Anticoag that combines with calcium a. Citrate Reference: Juanillo pg. 15 in non-ionized - Citrates prevent coagulation by combining with calcium in a non-ionized form. K 10. Solve for Normality… Normality = grams of solute Eq. wt. solute x liters solution Eq/L or mmol/mL (N)= Molarity (M) x Valence(n) AR 11. Solve for Molarity… 12. Solve for Milliliters needed in a solution….. 13. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry a. No excitation of electrons but merely dissociation of their chemical bonds in the neutral ground state Molarity = grams of solute MW solute x liters solution M 14. What is the meaning of discrete a. Something like may sarili syang analyzer receptacle na sakanya lang for chemical measurement ER 16. Precursor of creatinine a. Creatine b. Uric acid c. Urea d. Ammonia 17. If a specimen is collected with an a. Plasma anticoagulant, what is the yellowish b. Serum fluid that is formed after centrifugation c. CSF d. Buffy coat AT 18. How can we prevent the a. 1,2 metabolism of glucose when come in b. 3,4 contact with the cell c. 1,3 I. Incorporate a gel-like material d. 1,2,3 to separate the serum from the cell II. Separate the serum immediately after W centrifugation III. Protect from light IV. Store in the cabinet if not yet analyzed 19. In the reaction of Glucose Oxidase, a. 1, 2 Torrento p. 65 which combination of enzymes is b. 3,4 Glucose oxidase catalyzes the employed? c. 2, 3 oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid I. Hexokinase d. 1, 4 and hydrogen peroxide. In the II. Glucose Oxidase presence of the enzyme peroxidase, a III. Peroxidase reduced chromagen is oxidized to Give IV. Dehydrogenase A colored compound whose absorbance Is measured spectrophotometrically 20. The term glycolysis pertains to a. Conversion of Glucose to Glycogen Glycolysis is a set of reactions that which of the following: b. Conversion of Hexose to converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate. Pyruvate and Lactate This is the first metabolic pathway to c. Breakdown of Lipids to form glucose be elucidated and hence is considered d. Formation of glucose from non as a paradigm of metabolic pathways. carbohydrate sources Glycolysis is also called  Embden-Meyerhoff pathway. 21. Cholesterol oxidase peroxidase A. Free cholesterol and cholesteryl The enzyme cholesteryl ester enzymatic method… what will esters hydrolase cleaves the fatty acid cholesterol oxidase peroxidase B. Free cholesterol and fatty acids residue from cholesteryl esters, which specifically react with? C. Free Cholesterol only comprise about two-thirds of circulating D. Cholesteryl esters only cholesterol, converting them to unesterified or free cholesterol. The free cholesterol is reacted by the second enzyme, cholesterol oxidase producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a substrate for a common enzymatic color reaction using horseradish peroxidase to couple two colorless chemicals into colored compounds. (Bishop, 8th ed. Page 327) 22. An anticoagulant that combines a. Oxalate Oxalate - Anticoagulant that combines with calcium to form calcium oxalate with calcium to form an insoluble salt. 23. Ketone bodies are formed because The term ketones & ketone bodies of an excessive breakdown of fatty a. B-hydroxybutyrate identify three intermediate products of K acid acids. of the following b. Lactic acid fatty acid metabolism: metabolites, which may be classified c. Pyruvate Acetone, as a ketone body? ​Diacetic acid/Acetoacetic acid, & ​Beta-hydroxybutyrate. AR 24. Crucial intermediary in metabolism of triglyceride to form energy 25. Which of the following methods is a. b. c. d. a. Bile Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetate Pyruvate Jaffe Under Enzymatic Method M used for triglyceride determination? b. Porter-Silber Mother of the H2O2 reaction c. Nagele-Trinder d. Xanthydral 26. VLDL-Cholesterol solving Given: ER Cholesterol: 275 mg/dL TAGS: 190 mg/dL HDL: 138 mg/dL LDL: 425 mg/dL (not sure sa values huhu) 27. Which of the following is not a. Haptoglobin IgG - Synthesized by plasma cells produced in the liver? b. Albumin c. IgG AT d. Transferrin 28. Which of the following uses copper a. sulfate b. c. Biuret 29. about uric acid and uricase if what a. Coupled Uricase Reaction nga mga method ga use H2O2 b. - H2O2 is coupled with W 1. UV c. 2 and 3 peroxidase reaction 2. Coupled enzyme d. 1, 2, 3, 4 - Chromogens: 3. uricase-Hantzch - O-dianisidine, 4. Polarographic dimethyl aniline, p-aminophenazone Uricase-Hantzch - Also a coupled reaction - In this reaction, H2O2 is added to the methanol found in the reagent - It will then be acted upon by the enzyme catalase - This produces formaldehyde and H2O - Formaldehyde is then acted upon by acetyl acetone and ammonia (NH3) - This reaction produces yellow diacetyl dihydrotoludine and water 30. in UV method - ano ang uric acid a. 1 and 2 ENZYMATIC METHOD: UV and uricase specific nga reaction b. 1 and 3 Uric acid is oxidized by uricase to form 1. destruction of UA c. 1,2,3 allantoin which results in decrease in 2. formation of allantoin d. 1,2,3,4 absorbance. 3. increased absorbance 4. reduction of phosphotungstic acid CHEMICAL METHOD: PTA (Phosphotungstic acid) uses redox reaction but with the enzyme Sodium cyanide/carbonate not uricase. 31. Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease, a. Presence of monoclonal band on Cecilia ur breaking ma heart when electrophoresis is performed on the gamma globulin region a serum of a patient, what will be the b. Polyclonal bands on the electrophoretic pattern observed? gamma-globulin fraction c. bridging between beta-gamma globulin fraction d. Albumin fraction is increased 32. Precursor of creatinine a. Urea b. Uric acid c. Creatine d. Ammonia K 33. When Jaffe method is used in the a. Folin-Wu filtrate kinetic method for creatinine, what b. Somogyi-Nelson filtrate sample is used? c. Serum Sample is directly used AR d. Whole Blood 34. Relationship of creatinine plasma a. Directly related and in GFR in normal patient b. Indirectly related c. NO relationship d. GFR is only used in Urea 36. Solving for Ratio of Standard to Cu= Au x Cs / As unknown M 37. Ketone bodies are formed because a. Pyruvic acid KETONE METABOLITES: of breakdown of fatty acid. Which b. Lactic acid - Acetone metabolite is classified as ketone c. Oxaloacetate - Acetoacetic acid bodies? d. B-hydroxy butyrate - B-hydroxy butyrate ER 38. Which compound is crucial a. Bile intermediary in the metabolism of b. AcetylCoA triglycerides to form energy? c. Pyruvate d. Lipat ko 39. False regarding the use of a. repeatedly using the pipette tip automated pipettes for different samples 40. How to prevent glucose from a. incorporate gel between serum and AT interfering with cell something clot b. remove serum from clot immediately c. don't expose to light d. store in a cabinet 41. What will you do to prevent the a. 1 and 2 continued metabolism of glucose? 1. Add gel like material to W separate cells and serum. 2. Separate cells from serum immediately after centrifugation. 42. What metabolites does not increase a. Lactate INCREASED after exercise? b. Creatinine kinase - Lactate and Pyruvate c. Cholesterol - CK - muscle contraction d. Glucose - Cholesterol - Increased HDL - Ketone - Fatty acids DECREASED - Glucose 43. What is not secreted by the liver? A. Haptoglobin IgG - plasma B cells B. Fibrinogen C. IgG 44. A 2 year old boy has dwarfism, a. TSH coarse skin, and is overweight- 45. In protein determination, what is a. Quantification of peptide bonds Torrento pg 80: the basis of Kjeldahl reaction b. UV spectrophotometry quantification In determination of protein nitrogen, it of aromatic rings @ 280nm can be measured by liberating their c. Quantification of nitrogen content nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl of protein digestion procedure done by oxidation with heat at 350 C and strong sulfuric acid. 46. Split type albumin in protein a. Bisalbuminemia Presence of two separate albumin electrophoresis hands 47. Total protein reaction, copper a. Jaffe The biuret reagent contains sodium sulfate, potassium iodide, sodium b. Biuret hydroxide, hydrated copper (II) sulfate hydroxide, potassium tartrate c. Fearon and potassium sodium tartrate (to d. Schryver stabilize the complexes). 48. Increased in amniotic fluid in spinal a. a1-trypsin Diagnostic Importance: bifida b. A1-fetoprotein 1. Increased levels seen in spina c. A1- acid glycoprotein bifida, neural tube defects, presence of K d. A2 - macroglobulin twins (Spinal column protects the spinal cord) AR 49. What is true regarding enzymes? a. Reduce activation energy to expedite the reaction 50. 55 y/o presents with stiffness, a. Paget’s disease Paget’s disease - abnormality of bone headache and fatigue formation (ostitis deformans) ALP increased 5’N normal GGT normal M 51. What is the precursor of creatinine? a. Urea ER (Set B) b. Uric acid c. Creatine d. Ammonia 52. In jaffe reaction, when kinetic assay a. Folin wu precipitate is employed/used, what specimen is b. Somgyi nelson precipitate used? c. Serum d. Whole blood AT 53. What tests renal plasma flow in the a. Urea Clearance Recheck ko anay absence of tubular renal damage? b. Creatinine clearance c. Bromthalpusein Halloo po sayooo~ d. Hippuric Acid test According to Torento (page 129), PAH measures the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) in the absence of a tubular functional impairment. W Soo kung muna, PAH or para-amino hippurate test — same ba siya sa hippuric acid test? Pa confirm nalang po if ever same ta naisip tenkyuuu huhuhu -j♡ 54. What is the relationship of a. Directly Proportional High eGFR is a good indication that glomerular filtration rate to creatinine? b. Inversely Proportional the kidneys are working properly; c. No relationship creatinine is a waste product of muscle d. GFR is only for urea metabolism which is excreted through urination, making the serum creatinine decreased. If GFR is low, it means the kidney function is poor and that it cannot excrete waste such as creatinine therefore concentrating it’s content in the blood. Urea on the other hand is absorbed in the kidneys, therefore we cannot determine its relationship with eGFR 55. About 10 year old boy… 56. 57. Something that goes like: “What is a. Inhibits glycolysis the purpose of sodium fluoride in urea determination” 59. Why do females have less amount a. Males have more muscle mass than Females have a protective effect in of uric acid than males? females regulating uric acid through estrogen. b. Males utilize more Estrogen, especially estradiol, are glucose-phosphate using the known to have an inverse relationship Pentose-phosphate pathway… with uric, promoting its excretion. c. Females have estrogen which affect the uric acid 60. Same with 61 (PLEASE ADD IF MAY a. ARA DIF QUESTION) 61. What cells acts as protective — a. Bile caniculi Bile caniculi - small spaces between b. Kupffer cell hepatocyte c. Hepatocytes Kupffer - engulfing bacteria thus K d. Bile Duct protecting us Hepatocytes - works for the regenerative property of liver Bile duct - carries bile from bladder AR 62. What disease is when no delivery of bilirubin to sinusoidal capsule 63. What is Direct Bilirubin? a. b. c. a. b. c. Criggler najar Gilbert syndrome Dubin johnson Soluble with water Unconjugated bilirubin ??? Criggler - absence of UDPGT Gilbert - impaired cellular uptake of bilirubin Dubin - blockade of the excretion of bilirubin Direct bilirubin, also known as conjugated bilirubin, is a form of bilirubin that has been processed by M d. ??? the liver which is attached to glucuronic acid, making it water-soluble. (ChatGPT) 64. Disorders that are considered to Wala nko kadumdom sng choices 🙁 Disorders that are considered to ER induce Hepatic Jaundice induce Hepatic Jaundice: - Hepatitis - Liver Cirrhosis - Alcoholic Liver Disease - Non-Alcoholic, Fatty Liver Disease - Drug-Induced Liver Injury - Autoimmune Hepatitis - Hepatocellular Carcinoma/Liver Cancer AT - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Gilbert’s Syndrome - Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - Dubin-Johnson Syndrome/Rotor Syndrome 65. How is indirect bilirubin being Caffeine with diazotized sulfanilic acid In the Jendrassik-Grof method for measured? bilirubin measurement, the addition of W caffeine plus diazotized sulfanilic acid and the serum produces azobilirubin. 66. The lifespan of an RBC is 120 days. Spleen It is broken down into bilirubin in which organ? 67. Malic dehydrogenase is added to a. ko Oxalacetate to malate the aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) reaction to catalyze the conversion of: a. alpha-ketoglutarate to aspartate b. alpha-ketoglutarate to malate c. aspartate to oxaloacetate d. oxalacetate to malate 68. Increased total serum lactic a. Viral hepatitis Elevation of serum LD4 and LD5 is een dehydrogenase (LD) activity, confined in liver and skeletal muscle disease to fractions 4 and 5 is most likely to be because the isoenzyme are located in associated with: the tissue. 1. myocardial infarction 2. viral hepatitis 3. pancreatitis 4. renal failure 69. Types of Jaundice a. Hepatitis, crigler-najjar, cirrhosis, dubin johnson 70. How is indirect bilirubin measured a. By adding caffeine solution to allow it to react (solubilize) 71. ALP – increased a. Paget’s syndrome 5’nucleotidase – normal GGT – normal 72. Purpose of malate dehydrogenase a. when added to aspartate aminotransferase K AR 73. In the assay of ALP activity, what a. Monophosphate substrate is used when the method is b. Phenyl Phosphate for Bessy Lowry Brock c. P-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) d. Disodium phosphate M 74. Macroenzymes are occasionally a. Production of large molecule seen in atypical bands in b. Enzymes bound to electrophoresis with larger molecular immunoglobulin ER weight than their corresponding c. Media artifact in cellulose acetate normal form. They are: electrophoresis d. Autosomal recessive variants 75. What constituent of the normal a. Albumin serum alters the drug effects. 76. Which of the ff. classes of a. Amphetamines Diazepan (Valium) is an example of a compounds has a sedative effect and b. Opiates benzodiazepine. This group of drugs is AT as such is used to treat anxiety c. Cannabinoids used for the treatment of anxiety. d. Benzodiazepines Oxazepam is an active metabolite of diazepam and is also available as a prescribed drug (Serax). 77. What classification of enzymes a. Oxidoreduction does Lactate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase, Isocitrate W dehydrogenase belong? 78. Levels of 8-9% carboxyhemoglobin a. Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning saturation in whole blood are b. Acute CO poisoning commonly found in what situations? c. Non smoking individual d. Cigarette smoking 79. Which of the following hormones a. Aldosterone PTH - increases Ca levels by has no effect on calcium b. PTH increasing calcium reabsorption in the c. Vit D kidneys d. Calcitonin Vit D - increases Ca levels by increasing intestinal absorption of Ca in the GIT. Also increases PTH and decreases phosphate Calcitonin - decreases Ca levels. Inhibits PTH and Vitamin D 80. Characteristic of respiratory a. Decreased Bicarbonate Respiratory acidosis - decrease pH, acidosis b. Increased Bicarbonate increase HCO3, increase pCO2, c. Decreased dissolved carbon dioxide increase reabsorption of HCO3 d. Increased dissolved carbon dioxide 81. if bicarbonate is release, what a. Sodium electrolyte enters the cell in exchange b. Potassium c. Chloride d. Magnesium 82. what will happen if the blood gas a. PO2 & pH decrease, PCO2 The PO2 of air at sea level (21% O2) is specimen is left exposed in air Increase about 150 mm Hg. The PCO2 of air is b. PO2 & pH increase, PCO2 only about 0.3 mm Hg. Consequently, decrease blood releases CO2 gas and gains O2 c. PO2 decrease, pH &PCO2 Increase when exposed to air. Loss of CO2 d. PO2 increase, pH &PCO2 decrease shifts the equilibrium of the bicarbonate buffer system to the right, decreasing hydrogen ion (H+) concentration and blood becomes more alkaline (Harr 5th ed.) 83. What is affected with presence of a. Potassium Hemolysis is characterized as Rbc slight Hemolysis destruction allowing the intracellular cation (K+ or potassium) to leak out causing falsely elevated plasma K potassium 84. Result in blood gasses of patients a. Metabolic acidosis Kidney disease can cause metabolic with chronic renal failure acidosis when your kidneys are not AR able to remove enough acid from your blood, causing a build-up in your body. 85. Blood gas results of patients with a. Metabolic acidosis Chronic kidney disease: 86. Patient is dwarfed, stocky, and a. TSH overweight, low T4. An informative additional laboratory test would be: M 87. What drug acts as a a. Theophylline Theophylline - for asthma bronchodilator? b. Digoxin c. Barbitals 88. What condition is being described a. Mechanical obstruction of the ER when there is the inability to transport canaliculi bilirubin from the sinusoidal membrane b. Gilbert’s syndrome into the hepatocyte? c. Dubin-johnson syndrome d. Crigler-najjar syndrome 89.Parent precursor of estrogen and a. Cholesterol cortisol 90. Main biological active ingredient of a. Triiodothyronine T3 (triiodothyronine)- active iodine T4 (thyroxine/tetraiodo) - abundant AT 91. Effects of hyperparathyroidism INCREASED INTESTINAL ABSORPTION - There is an increase in renal OF CALCIUM excretion and decrease in intestinal absorption of phosphate in cases of hyperparathyroidism - Phosphates are inversely related to calcium (PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone) - OTHER ACTIONS OF PTH: W (Rodriguez, 2018) - Conserve calcium by increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys - Mobilize bone calcium - Activate the process of bone resorption - Suppress urinary loss of calcium - Conversion of inactive vit D to active form (VIT D = calcitriol = Increase calcium) 92. Secretion of HORMONES BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS The hypothalamus coordinates with the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND may be anterior pituitary by synthesizing its controlled by the circulating levels of own trophic hormones that are specific hormones from the respective target for each of the cell population gland, as well as hormone secreted by (Rodriguez, 2018) what organ. 93. Main transporter of Thyroid a. Thyroxine Binding Globulin Hormones 94. Heroin is a precursor of a. Morphine 95. THC primary active agent of what a. Marijuana drug? 96. Acetaminophen particularly toxic to a. Liver what organ? 97. What plasma metabolite induce free a. Albumin drug level b. Calcium c. Sodium d. chloride 98. Same with 89 (put lang dif question if may na remember ka pa) 100. Used for manic depression Lithium 101. LDH is an enzyme with the least a. Hepatitis or cirrhosis Torrento pg. 179 K tissue specificity. During b. Pulmonary infarct Hepatic- metastatic liver electrophoresis LD4 and LD5 c. Myocardial infarction cancer (inc. in LD2 & LD3). increases. What disease is associated d. Pancreatitis Pulmonary infarct- inc. LD4 & with that? LD5 Cardiac- inc. in LD1 & LD2 AR 102. What is the principle of the "direct" or "homogeneous" HDL cholesterol automated method, which requires no intervention by the laboratorian? The direct HDL method. a. b. c. Quantifies only the cholesterol in HDL, whereas the precipitation HDL method quantifies the entire lipoprotein Utilizes polymers and detergents that make the HDL cholesterol soluble while keeping the other lipoproteins insoluble Uses a nonenzymatic method to Both the direct and the heparin sulfate manganese chloride precipitation methods measure HDL cholesterol. The direct or homogeneous method for HDL cholesterol uses a mixture of polyanions and polymers that bind to LDL and VLDL and chylomicrons, causing them to become stabilized. M measure cholesterol, whereas the The polyanions neutralize ionic other methods use enzymes to charges on the surface of the measure cholesterol lipoproteins, and this enhances their d. Uses a column chromatography binding to the polymer. When a step to separate HDL from the other detergent is added, HDL goes into ER lipoproteins, whereas the other solution, whereas the other lipoproteins methods use a precipitation step remain attached to the polymer/polyanion complexes. The HDL cholesterol then reacts with added cholesterol enzyme reagents while the other lipoproteins remain inactive. The reagents, polymer/polyanions, and detergent can be added to the AT specimen in an automated way without the need for any manual pretreatment step. Furthermore, the direct HDL cholesterol procedure has the capacity for better precision than the manual precipitation methods. Both the adaptability to automated W installments and the better precision make the direct method a preferred choice for quantifying HDL cholesterol. 103.What is the sedimentation a. Very-low-density lipoproteins A double nomenclature exists for the nomenclature associated with (VLDLs) five principal lipoprotein fractions. The alpha-lipoprotein? b. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) nomenclature is such that the various c. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) fractions have been named on the d. Chylomicron basis of both the electrophoretic mobilities and the ultracentrifugal sedimentation rates. The chylomicrons are known as chylomicrons by both methods. The chylomicrons are the least dense fraction, exhibiting a solvent density for isolation of less than 0.95 g/mL, and have the slowest electrophoretic mobility. The HDLs, also known as the alpha-lipoproteins, have the greatest density of 1.063-1.210 g/mL and move the fastest electrophoretically toward  the anode. The VLDLs, also known as the prebeta-lipoproteins, move slightly slower electrophoretically than the alpha fraction. The VLDLs have a density of 0.95-1.006 g/mL. The IDLs, intermediate-density lipoproteins, have a density of 1.006-1.019 g/mL and migrate as a broad band between beta- and prebeta-lipoproteins. The LDLs, also known as the beta-lipoproteins, have an electrophoretic mobility that is slightly slower than that of the IDL fraction. The LDLs have an intermediate density of 1.019-1.063 g/mL, which is between the IDLs and the HDLs. To summarize the electrophoretic mobilities, the alpha-lipoprotein fraction migrates the farthest toward the anode from the K origin, followed in order of decreasing mobility by the prebeta-lipoprotein, broad band between beta and prebeta-lipoprotein, beta-lipoprotein, and chylomicron fractions. The AR 104. What method of urea determination anhydrase? 105. true of pipette to contain a. b. a. increase absorbance in nad to nadh decrease absorbance un nadh to nad it contains the exact amount but does not dispense the exact value chylomicrons remain more cathodic near the point of serum application M b. Dispense by gravity c. 106. In amylase determination a. Chromogenic measures the amount of reducing b. Saccharogenic sugars c. Amyloclastic ER d. Amylometric AT 107.Serum protein electrophoresis is a. Electrophoresis will show an extra routinely performed on the serum fraction in the beta-gamma region obtained from a clotted blood b. Electrophoresis cannot be specimen. What results would one get performed because the if a plasma specimen is used instead? anticoagulant will cause migration of the protein fractions in the direction of the cathode c. Electrophoresis will show an extra W fraction in the pre-albumin area d. Electrophoresis cannot be performed because the anticoagulant will retard the mobility of protein fractions 108. Separation of charged particles a. Chromatography electrophoresis based on their rate of migration b. Electrophoresis c. Colorimetric d. spectrophotometry 109. Hba1c of 8.4%, solve a. 194.4 FORMULA: b. 198 Average glucose = (28.8 x hba1c) - c. 275 46.7 d. 284 AG = (28.8 x 8.4) - 46.7 AG = 194.4 110. If stress with epinephrine chu a. increase glucose what is the level of glucose? b. decrease glucose 111. which pipette does not measure a. volumetric pipette b. pasteur pipette c. d. ostwald-folin pipette 112. why is it necessary to wipe the tip a. Accurate volume delivered of the pipette before delivering 113. This refers to the range of values a. Variance described as the mean or plus or b. Probability minus the standard deviation c. d. Values (?) of deviance 114. What is not included in ensuring a. Schedule of staff quality assurance 115. Lipoprotein associated with lipoprotein a 116. To differentiate Prostatic ACP from a. Use Tartaric acid/ Tartrate Red cell ACP K 117. Bile duct obstruction. Result I. I. AR 119. In what organ do Hb converts to a. Kidney Liver, Spleen, Bone marrow bilirubin b. Spleen c. Intestine d. Placenta 120: Where does Regan isoenzymes a. Skeleton with the same properties as alkaline b. Kidney phosphatase originate? c. Intestines d. Placenta M 121: what is the sedimentation a. VLDL nomenclature associated with alpha b. HDL lipoprotein c. LDL ER d. CM 122. What is the basis for Kjeldahl a. Quantification of nitrogen -Based upon the digestion of protein technique for determination of serum b. Quantification of peptide bonds and measurement of nitrogen content total protein c. Refractive index of proteins of proteins AT d. UV light absorption by aromatic ring at 280nm 123. Sample used for Jaffe Kinetic a. Folin-wu filtrate b. Somogyi-nelson filtrate c. Serum d. Whole blood W 124. Relationship between plasma a. Direct relationship creatinine and GFR when kidney b. Inverse relationship function is normal. c. No relationship d. GFR is only for urea 123. What is the “yellowish” part on the a. Plasma blood sample after centrifugation? (Not exact question, pero same concept) 124. What shared characteristic does a. Cardiac isoenzyme Catalyze oxidation-reduction lactate dehydrogenase, malate b. Liver isoenzyme reactions dehydrogenase and isocitrate c. Lyases dehydrogenase have d. Oxidation and reduction 125. Reagent in used colorimetric a. Erlich method of serum calcium b. O-cresolphtalein c. A. Cresolphthalien complexone 126. Measures renal plasma flow a. 1 and 4 b. 2 only i. urea clearance c. 1,2,3 ii. PAH d. 3 only iii. Bromsulpthalein iv. creatine clearance 127. What is the purpose of adding To convert oxalacetate to malate malic dehydrogenase in the ast reaction? K AR PARASITOLOGY Question 1. What cell can be mistaken for amoebic trophozoite Answer a. b. c. d. Plasma cell Macrophage Squamous columnar cells Clumps of WBC Rationale Macrophages are usually present in both bacterial and parasitic infections. In actual practice, one can mistake the active macrophages for amebic M trophozoites. 2. Amoebic liver abscess (ano iya a. Chocolate brown Amoebic liver abscess aspirate is color, odor kag iya consistency sry b. red odorless, thick, and chocolate brown, nalipat ko) c. gray, odorless and is described as "anchovy paste d. yellow green, fishy odor ER 3. Excessive Liver abscess consists of a. Trophozoites and cyst Trophozoite what? b. Cyst only c. Trophozoite only Microscopic examination of pus aspirated d. None of the above from liver abscess they demonstrate trophozoite of E. histolytica in