Cartilage DTH24 - Tagged.pdf

Cartilage Julie Watson GDC learning outcomes 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.17 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Chmwd4BD21Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZnH7juxXHI 2 Learning Outcomes By the end of this session s...

Cartilage Julie Watson GDC learning outcomes 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.17 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Chmwd4BD21Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZnH7juxXHI 2 Learning Outcomes By the end of this session students should be able to: Describe the composition and development of cartilage Identify the different types of cartilage and where they are found Be aware of the general function of the cartilage types in the body. *There is an expectation that this subject is a revision of prior human biology learning 3 Cartilage, what is it and why do we need to know about it ? A firm, avascular, non calcified connective tissue. Forms much of the temporary skeleton in the embryo / foetus. Frequently serves as a model or template for the bones of the skeleton. It is also present on articular surfaces of free moving joints allowing for flexibility 4  The most important cartilage in the head and neck is the TMJ. Issues with this joint may have a significant impact. It may mean the patient could present with limited opening & discomfort Cartilage depends on its surrounding connective tissue for its cellular nutrition , it is called the perichondrium which is often described as a fibrous connective tissue sheath  Structure of Cartilage Cartilage is made up of cells and a matrix The matrix is fibres / collagen/ intra cellular substances The cells are immature chondroblasts -these produce cartilage matrix and chondrocytes which are in essence mature chondroblasts that maintain the cartilage matrix 6 Matrix: Ground substance Highly hydrogenated gel composed of proteoglycan,chondronectin & water Fibres: Type and number of fibre depends on the type of cartilage 40% of dry weight of cartilage, giving it strength Perichondrium: Capsular sheath that surrounds cartilage Three types of cartilage: Hyaline Fibrous Elastic All cartilage starts as Hyaline but then modifies according to need. 8 Hyaline cartilage Principle type of cartilage, particularly in foetus and infants Small groups of chondrocyte cells Matrix is smooth and solid Appears as a smooth bluish white, glassy tissue Not easily repaired following injury Location: Articulating surfaces of bone Costal cartilages which attach the ribs to the sternum Cartilages of larynx, trachea and bronchi Fibrous cartilage Dense, tough and slightly flexible tissue Groups of chondrocytes separated from each other by thick bundles of collagen fibres Collagen fibres arranged predominantly in tight parallel bundles Location: Intervertebral discs Knee and jaw joints Surrounding the rim of the bony sockets of the hip and shoulder joints Pubic symphysis Elastic cartilage Elastic fibres feature in the intracellular matrix The least common type of cartilage tissue Elastic cartilage Location: Pinna of the ear Epiglottis Forming part of the tunica media of blood vessel walls Further Reading https://cartilage.org/patient/ab https://biologydictionary.net/ca out-cartilage/what-is-cartilage/ rtilage/ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/h ealth/body/23173-cartilage https://www.kenhub.com/en/li brary/anatomy/cartilage