Cardiovascular Circulatory System PDF

CARDI VASCULAR SYSTEM  Blood vessels heart blood  Makes up bulk Cardiac muscle of heart Provides force to pump blood  functions: Functions: 1. Transports nutrients, gases, waste, & hormones...

CARDI VASCULAR SYSTEM  Blood vessels heart blood  Makes up bulk Cardiac muscle of heart Provides force to pump blood  functions: Functions: 1. Transports nutrients, gases, waste, & hormones 2. Protects the body from infection & blood loss 3. Thermoregulation The blood 55% 45% specialized specialized connective connective tissue tissue  Functions: functions: 1. Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones 2. Regulates: body pH, body temperature 3. Protection against foreign microbes & toxins, and clotting mechanism Classification of Blood Cells & the Composition of Plasma Classification of Blood Cells Erythrocytes (RBC) Leukocytes (WBC) 95% of the Thrombocytes volume of Agranular blood cells & Granular Platelets  Composition of Plasma Water (91%) Proteins (7%) Fluid portion Solutes (2%) of blood is Albumin, Ions, nutrients, 91% water globulin, waste products, fibrinogen gases, enzymes, hormones Formation of Blood Cells: Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis Produced in red bone marrow Lymphocytes & monocytes produced by lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils  Blood Cell Anatomy & Functions  Erythrocytes Biconcave disks No nucleus Heme: binds O2 Contain hemoglobin Globin: binds CO2  Granular leukocytes Phagocytize Neutrophils foreign substances Produce antihistamines Eosinophils Produce heparin, Basophils histamine, serotonin  Agranular leukocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes Phagocytize bacteria & T lymphocytes cellular debris Macrophages: in B lymphocytes tissues  Thrombocytes Disk-shaped cellular fragments with nucleus Prevent fluid loss when blood vessels are damaged CLOTTING MECHANISM Damaged tissue releases Thromboplastin Prothrombin activator Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin  CLOT -Fibrin forms long threads acting like a net -Platelets get enmeshed Syneresis - Clot retraction Fibrinolysi -Dissolution of s blood clot  Thrombosi -unwanted clotting s Embolus -circulating blood clot Infarction -Tissues killed as a result of loss of blood supply Anatomy of the heart  The heart is located at the  LAYERS OF THE HEART WALL The heart is surrounded by ERICARDIA PERICARDIA  CHAMBERS OF THE HEART Upper Chambers la ra Lower lv Chambers rv CHAMBERS OF THE HEART Chambers separated internally by SEPTUM External separations: CORONARY SULCUS: A/V GREAT VESSELS OF THE ❤ CORONARY SINUS-drains blood from the heart  VALVES OF THE HEART Tricuspid valve Mitral valve RA/RV LA/LV Pulmonary valve Aortic valve RV/PT LV/AA Blood flow through the heart BLOOD BLOOD FLOW FLOW THROUGH THROUGH THE ❤ THE ❤ Two atria contract while ventricles relax Two ventricles contract while atria relax BLOOD BLOOD FLOW FLOW THROUGH THROUGH THE ❤ THE ❤ De.O BLOOD FROM O BLOOD TO THE THE BODY BODY Right Atrium Aorta Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Left Atrium Lungs Pulmonary Vein  CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE ❤ heart ❤  CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE ❤ initiates impulse sends impulses to AV bundle send impulse to sends impulses to myocardial cells both sides of system Anatomy of blood vessels ANATOMY OF BLOOD VESSELS TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS MAJOR ARTERIES & VEINS OF THE BODY AORTA BRANCHES ASCENDING AORTA & AORTIC ARCH BRANCHES VEINS MERGING INTO THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA VEINS MERGING INTO THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA  Some Major Blood Circulatory systemic. pulmonaryRoutes. cerebral. fetal  SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION All blood leaving L.V. - OXYGENATED All blood returning to R.A.- DEOXYGENATED CORONARY HEPATIC PORTAL PULMONARY CIRCULATION blood flow to lungs for gas exchange  CEREBRAL CIRCULATION route to the brain FETAL CIRCULATION between developing fetus and mother Tapus na pu. tnx,.