Cardiopulmonary Pathology Final Exam Practice Questions PDF

**Cardiopulmonary Pathology Final Exam Practice Questions** **1. A 56-year-old patient arrives to the ER with extreme shortness of breath. Upon observation, you note that the patient has an increased AP chest diameter, using accessory muscles and pursed-lips to breathe. The following [ABG results](...

**Cardiopulmonary Pathology Final Exam Practice Questions** **1. A 56-year-old patient arrives to the ER with extreme shortness of breath. Upon observation, you note that the patient has an increased AP chest diameter, using accessory muscles and pursed-lips to breathe. The following [ABG results](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/abg-practice-questions-tmc-exam/) are available:**\ pH 7.28\ PaCO2 97 mmHg\ HCO3 37 mmHg\ PaO2 40 mmHg\ **Based on this data, what treatment would you recommend?**\ A. Recommend administration of 50% FiO2 via venturi mask and monitor closely\ B. Administer K+ and Cl- solutions via an IV\ C. Recommend [**initiation of BiPAP ventilation**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/initiation-mechanical-ventilation/) and 40% FiO2\ D. Recommend intubation and mechanical ventilation with 100% FiO2 **2. A 74-year-old man with a long history of emphysema and chronic bronchitis enters the ER in respiratory distress. His RR is 34/minute and labored. His HR is 115/minute and BP is 170/120. What is the clinical interpretation of the following ABG (in addition to hypoxemia)?** **pH 7.51**\ **PaCO2 68 mmHg**\ **PaO2 49 mmHg**\ **HCO3- 53 mEq/L** A. Acute alveolar hyperventilation\ B. Acute ventilatory failure\ C. Acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure\ D. Acute ventilatory failure superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure **3. A 74-year-old patient with a [long history of COPD](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/copd-practice-questions/) enters the ER in respiratory distress. His respiratory rate is 34/min and labored. His heart rate is 115/min and temperature is 101.9 degrees F. His ABG values are as follows:** **pH 7.57**\ **PaCO2 68 mmHg**\ **HCO3- 37 mM/L**\ **PaO2 49 mmHg** **What treatment would you recommend for this patient?**\ A. Recommend administration of K+ and Cl- IV solution\ B. [**Mechanical ventilation**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/mechanical-ventilation-made-easy/) with a FiO2 of 60%\ C. Recommend administration of BiPAP and FiO2 of 100%\ D. Administer 30% O2 via a venturi mask and suggest a course of antibiotic therapy **4. A bony abnormality that exists when the [sternum](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/sternum/) bulges outward (pigeon breast) is known as:**\ A. Pectus excavatum\ B. Kyphosis\ C. Scoliosis\ D. Pectus carinatum **5. In which of the pulmonary disorders would you expect to see a faster respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume?**\ A. Pulmonary fibrosis\ B. Emphysema\ C. Asthma\ D. Chronic [**bronchitis**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/chronic-bronchitis-practice-questions/) **6. A patient's electrolyte panel reveals a K+ level of 3.0 mEq/L and a Cl- level of 73 mEq/L. This would be documented as:**\ A. Hypocarbia and hypochromia\ B. Hypocalcemia and hypocapnia\ C. Hypoglycemia and hypoxemia\ D. Hypochloremia and hypokalemia **7. An abnormal pulsation that exists as a result of right ventricular heart failure is known as:**\ A. Clubbing\ B. Abdominal paradox\ C. Right ventricular heave\ D. Cor pulmonale **8. Confusion and agitation may be seen in patients with [severe hypoxemia.](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/hypoxemia/) This is due to the effects of:**\ A. Hepatomegaly\ B. Cerebral hypoxia\ C. Hyperventilation\ D. Cor Pulmonale **9. The decrease of white blood cells is known as:**\ A. Leukocytosis\ B. Leukopenia\ C. Anemia\ D. Polycythemia **10. Diffusion of oxygen from the air through the A/C membrane to the blood is known as:**\ A. External respiration\ B. Internal respiration\ C. Marked breathing\ D. External resonance **11. During an assessment of a patient, the RCP places her hand on a patient's right lower lobe and asks the patient to repeat "99". Findings include decreased tactile fremitus in the RLL as compared to the left. This finding is consistent with:**\ A. [**Pleural effusion**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/pleural-effusion/) of the RLL\ B. Pneumothorax of the LLL\ C. Pneumonia of the RLL\ D. Atelectasis of the RLL **12. Guillian-Barre is which type of dysfunction?**\ A. CNS\ B. Pulmonary dysfunction\ C. Neuromuscular\ D. Musculoskeletal **13. Hepatomegaly, jugular venous distension, and a right ventricular heave are consistent with what clinical condition?**\ A. Right heart failure\ B. Congestive heart failure\ C. Tension pneumothorax\ D. Severe asthma **14. How far above the carina should the tip of the [endotracheal tube](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/intubation-study-guide/) be seen on the chest x-ray?**\ A. 5 to 7 cm\ B. 4 to 6 cm\ C. 2 to 3 cm\ D. 7 to 9 cm **15. Increased resonance to percussion is associated with which of the following conditions?**\ A. Pneumonia\ B. Lung tumor\ C. Emphysema\ D. Pleural Effusion **16. Inward movement of the abdomen with each inspiratory effort is known as:**\ A. Paradoxical pulse\ B. Respiratory alternans\ C. Hepatomegaly\ D. Abdominal paradox **17. It is best to hyperventilate a ventilated patient with a head injury. This helps by producing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which in turn will result in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and reduce the ICP.**\ A. Acidosis; vasoconstriction\ B. Alkalosis; vasodilatation\ C. Alkalosis; vasoconstriction\ D. Acidosis; vasodilatation **18. Oxygenation failure is present when the PaO2 falls below what value despite a FiO2 of 50%?**\ A. 55 mmHg\ B. 60 mmHg\ C. 65 mmHg\ D. 50 mmHg **19. Which of the following are initial treatments for a patient who presents to the ER with the diagnosis of an overdose?**\ A. Stomach lavage\ B. Possible dialysis to excrete drugs\ C. Immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation\ D. All of the above **20. The following data are collected from a patient's chart:** **PH- 7.44**\ **HCO3- 19 mEq/liter**\ **PaCO2- 32 torr**\ **SaO2- 95%**\ **PaO2- 95 torr**\ **Hb- 6 gm/dl** **Which of the following lab values is most important in assessing this patient's oxygen-carrying capacity?**\ A. pH\ B. PaO2\ C. Hb\ D. SaO2 **21. The main goal of mechanical ventilation with chronic CO2 retention is:**\ A. Return pH to a patient's [**normal baseline values**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/respiratory-therapy-normal-values/)\ B. Increase the minute ventilation\ C. Return the PaO2 to the patient's normal baseline values\ D. Reduce the patient's maximum inspiratory pressure **22. The lowest acceptable PaO2 for a 75-year-old patient is about:**\ A. 70 mmHg\ B. 55 mmHg\ C. 60 mmHg\ D. 65 mmHg **23. The most common [cause of hypoxemia](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/causes-of-hypoxemia/) is:**\ A. Anatomic shunt\ B. V/Q [**mismatch**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/ventilation-perfusion/)\ C. Low metabolic rate\ D. Hyperventilation **24. What change in the [patient's vital signs](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/vital-signs/) is expected as a result of fever?**\ A. Decrease in blood pressure\ B. Increase in respiratory rate\ C. Increase in blood pressure\ D. Decrease in heart rate **25. What clinical condition is most closely associated with harsh bronchial breath sounds over the affected region?**\ A. Pneumonia\ B. Pneumothorax\ C. Emphysema\ D. Asthma **26. What clinical condition is most likely to produce coarse crackles?**\ A. Atelectasis\ B. Excessive airway secretions\ C. Sudden opening of peripheral airways\ D. Narrow airways **27. What condition is often associated with abdominal paradox?**\ A. Diaphragm fatigue\ B. Severe asthma\ C. Cor Pulmonale\ D. Heart failure **28. What is the correct [interpretation of the following ABG values](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/abg-interpretation/) ( in addition to hypoxemia)?** **pH- 7.17**\ **PaCO2- 77 mmHg**\ **PaO2- 54 mmHg**\ **HCO3- 25 mEq/L** A. Acute ventilatory failure on chronic ventilatory failure\ B. Acute alveolar hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis)\ C. Acute ventilatory(respiratory) failure\ D. Acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure **29. What method of weaning helps the patient overcome the workload imposed by the resistance of the artificial airway?**\ A. IMV/SIMV\ B. Pressure support\ C. All of the above\ D. T --piece **30. What term is used to describe shortness of breath in the upright position?**\ A. Eupnea\ B. Apnea\ C. Platypnea\ D. Orthopnea **31. What term is used to describe [sputum](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/sputum/) that appears to contain pus?**\ A. Fetid\ B. Purulent\ C. Phlegm\ D. Mucoid **32. What term is used to describe sputum that is clear and thick?**\ A. Mucoid\ B. Fetid\ C. Purulent\ D. Phlegm **33. What term is used to describe the lateral curvature of the spine?**\ A. Pectus carinatum\ B. Scoliosis\ C. Kyphosis\ D. Pectus excavatum **34. What test is most useful for evaluating renal function?**\ A. Platelet Count\ B. Creatinine and BUN\ C. Blood glucose\ D. Sweat chloride **35. What treatment alternative is most appropriate when the patient's [ventilation is adequate](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/ventilation-vs-oxygenation/) and the problem with oxygenation is likely to resolve quickly?**\ A. Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation\ B. Mechanical ventilation\ C. [**Mechanical ventilation**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/mechanical-ventilation-final-exam-guide/) with PEEP\ D. Mask CPAP **36. What treatment alternative is often needed when the patient has refractory hypoxemia due to shunting?**\ A. Mechanical ventilation\ B. Increased FiO2\ C. Mechanical ventilation with PEEP\ D. Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation **37. What type of white blood cell is most responsible for responding to allergic reactions?**\ A. Neutrophils\ B. Eosinophils\ C. Monocytes\ D. Lymphocytes **38. What type of white blood cell would most likely be elevated if a patient had an acute viral infection?**\ A. Monocyte\ B. Neutrophil\ C. Eosinophil\ D. Lymphocyte **39. [Wheezing](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/wheezing/) is:**\ A. Produced by bronchospasm\ B. Usually heard as a high-pitched sound\ C. A cardinal finding of asthma\ D. All of the above **40. When lung compliance decreases as in [restrictive diseases](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/restrictive-lung-diseases/), which of the following is seen?**\ A. Ventilatory rate usually decreases\ B. Tidal volume usually increases\ C. Ventilatory rate usually increases\ D. Tidal volume usually increases **Practice Quiz** Pathology TMC Practice Questions [**Pathology TMC Practice Questions**](https://products.respiratorytherapyzone.com/pathology-tmc-practice-questions) Take our quiz with premium TMC practice questions and detailed rationale explanations. [**Get Instant Access**](https://products.respiratorytherapyzone.com/pathology-tmc-practice-questions) **41. Which of the following are acceptable methods for [weaning patients](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/weaning-from-mechanical-ventilation/) from mechanical ventilation?**\ A. Pressure support ventilation\ B. [**IMV/SIMV mode of ventilation**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/ventilator-modes-practice-questions/)\ C. T-piece trials\ D. All of the above **42. Which of the following best describes a patient being treated effectively for a shunt-like effect?**\ A. Post-op patient receiving supplemental FiO2 via an oxygen mask\ B. Patient on a ventilator suffering from [**pulmonary embolism**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/pulmonary-embolism-practice-questions/)\ C. Patient receiving 5 cmH2O PEEP via mechanical ventilation due to aspiration pneumonia\ D. Patient receiving 5 cmH2O mask CPAP at an FiO2 of 100% due to [**end-stage pulmonary fibrosis**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/pulmonary-fibrosis/) **43. Which of the following characteristics is typical for Pleuritic chest pain?**\ A. A dull pressure sensation\ B. May radiate to the arm\ C. Increases with inspiration\ D. Centrally located **44. Which of the following clinical findings would be associated with a patient diagnosed with COPD?**\ A. Increased consolidation\ B. Decreased V/Q ratio\ C. Increased FEV1\ D. Increased airway resistance **45. Which of the following conditions is NOT likely to cause [hemoptysis?](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/hemoptysis/)**\ A. Pulmonary embolism\ B. Bronchogenic carcinoma\ C. Heart failure\ D. Pneumonia **46. Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce a dry cough?**\ A. Cystic Fibrosis\ B. Heart Failure\ C. Asthma\ D. Bronchitis **47. Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce an abnormal white shadow on the chest x-ray?**\ A. Pneumothorax\ B. Pneumonia\ C. Emphysema\ D. Asthma **48. Which of the following parameters is most indicative of the patient's tissue oxygenation status?**\ A. Sensorium\ B. Blood pressure\ C. Pulse pressure\ D. Heart rate **49. Which of the following represents compensated metabolic alkalosis?**\ A. pH 7.45; PaCO2 61; HCO3- 41\ B. pH 7.52; PaCO2 45; HCO2- 29\ C. pH 7.45; PaCO2 26; HCO3- 19\ D. pH 7.55; PaCO2 21; HCO3- 17 **50. While listening to a 53-year-old-male patient, the RCP notices that the patient has a S3 galloping heart sound. This could be caused by which of the following?**\ A. Renal [**failure**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/renal-failure/)\ B. Heart failure as the result of an MI\ C. Enlarged liver\ D. COPD **51. While reviewing a patient's chart, the [respiratory therapist](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/what-is-a-respiratory-therapist/) notices the patient's Hb level is 11g/dL and the SpO2 is 88%. Which of the following is true regarding this situation?**\ A. The patient has 3.44 grams of desaturated Hb\ B. The patient has 1.32 grams of desaturated Hb\ C. The patient is cyanotic\ D. None of the above **52. While reviewing the chart of a patient with lobar pneumonia, the respiratory care practitioner notices that the respiratory rate for the last 24 hours has been between 28 to 42 /min on a 50% venturi mask. Which of the following most likely caused the increased respiratory rate?**\ A. Hypothermia\ B. Hypoxemia\ C. Weakened diaphragm\ D. Hyperalkemia **53. You are assessing a patient and determine that the patient's blood pressure is 70/53 mmHg and the patient has a temperature of 90.5 degrees F. From this information, you would expect:**\ A. Clubbing of the digits\ B. Capillary refill time of 6 seconds\ C. Full and bounding pulse rate of 88 bpm\ D. Coarse breath sounds in the lung bases **54. You obtain the following ABGs and get the following results:** **pH- 7.28**\ **PaCO2- 110 mmHg**\ **PaO2- 45 mmHg**\ **HCO3- 37 mEq/L** **You observe that the pH is too high for the PaCO2. What would the pH be if this were an acute situation? (Use 7.40 as your baseline pH and 40 as your baseline PaCO2)**\ A. 7.00\ B. 7.10\ C. 7.05\ D. 7.15 **55. Your patient has a PaO2 of 38 mmHg. This is best described as:**\ A. Mild hypoxemia\ B. Severe hypoxemia\ C. Moderate hypoxemia\ D. Depends on patient's age **56. Your patient has been living at high altitude for several years. What lab result do you expect?**\ A. Leukocytosis\ B. Lymphocytosis\ C. Leukopenia\ D. Polycythemia **57. Which of the following represents a normal Albumin level?**\ A. 6.0 g/dL\ B. 4.0 g/dL\ C. 3.0 g/dL\ D. 7.5 g/dL **58. A lab method used to confirm the identity of [microbes and the antibiotics](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/narrow-spectrum-antibiotics/) that these microbes are sensitive to is known as:**\ A. Gram stain\ B. WBC\ C. Culture and sensitivity (C&S)\ D. Acid-fast stain **59. Which of the following describes an intrapulmonary shunt?**\ A. Ventilation in excess of perfusion\ B. Perfusion is completely absent\ C. Lung regions with poorly ventilated alveoli but properly perfused with blood\ D. Lung regions with [**well-ventilated alveoli**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/alveoli/) but poorly perfused with blood **60. Inverse I:E ratio ventilation is a strategy sometimes used to improve oxygenation in which of the following disorders?**\ A. [**Exacerbation of COPD**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/acute-exacerbation-copd/)\ B. Pulmonary [**Edema**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/pulmonary-edema-practice-questions/)\ C. ARDS\ D. Head [**trauma**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/head-trauma-injury/) **61. A patient comes into ER with slow, shallow breathing and is slow to arouse. What should be done first?**\ A. NIPPV\ B. Mechanical Ventilation\ C. Non-rebreather\ D. Intubation **62. All the following are opioids except which of the following?**\ A. Codeine\ B. Valium\ C. Fentora\ D. Demerol **63. A new patient was admitted and has been diagnosed with pneumonia. The patient has an oxygen saturation of 87% on 2 L/min nasal cannula. Which of the following would cause the patient to be hypoxemic?**\ 1. Capillary shunting\ 2. Diffusion defect\ 3. Alveolar consolidation\ 4. Hypoventilation\ **Select all that apply:**\ A. 1 and 2\ B. 2 and 3\ C. 1 and 3\ D. All of the above **64. A 16-year-old patient has been admitted and shows signs of poor body development. Upon assessment, you also noted digital clubbing, hyperresonance to percussion, and a productive cough. It has also been reported that the patient has foul-smelling stools. Which of the following conditions are these findings consistent with?**\ A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome\ B. Heart failure\ C. [**Acute bronchitis**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/bronchitis/)\ D. [**Cystic fibrosis**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/cystic-fibrosis-practice-questions/) **65. While reviewing the [chest x-ray](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/review-of-thoracic-imaging/) of a 57-year-old male patient, you noted blunting of the left costophrenic angle. It also states in the patient's chart that he has a history of CHF. Which of the following best describes this finding?**\ A. There is a pneumothorax on the left side\ B. There is a pleural effusion on the left side\ C. There is pulmonary edema in the left lung\ D. There is pneumonia in the left lower lobe **66. You were called by the physician to perform a Tensilon test on a new patient. This test is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis for which of the following conditions?**\ A. [**Myasthenia gravis**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/myasthenia-gravis-practice-questions/)\ B. [**Guillain-Barré syndrome**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/guillain-barre-syndrome/)\ C. Multiple sclerosis\ D. Poliomyelitis **67. While assessing a 49-year-old male patient, you notice swelling in the lower limbs. This is most likely indicative of which of the following?**\ A. Hypovolemia\ B. Chronic hypertension\ C. Right ventricular insufficiency\ D. Left ventricular insufficiency **68. A patient would have reduced tactile fremitus in all of the following conditions except?**\ A. COPD\ B. Pneumothorax\ C. Pulmonary edema\ D. Pleural effusion **69. A 56-year-old male patient has been admitted and diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. In order to determine the patient's need for ventilatory support, which of the following values is the most critical to monitor?**\ A. Residual volume\ B. Inspiratory capacity\ C. Peak inspiratory flow\ D. Expiratory reserve volume **70. A sweat chloride test can be used to diagnose which of the following conditions?**\ A. Muscular dystrophy\ B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\ C. Poliomyelitis\ D. Cystic fibrosis **71. A 61-year-old female patient is receiving mechanical ventilation. Over the last three days, her fluid intake has stayed the same but her output fluid level measurements have been decreasing. Her peak airway pressure has been steadily increasing over this same time period. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?**\ A. [**Ventilator-associated pneumonia**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/what-is-vap/)\ B. Acute respiratory distress syndrome\ C. Pulmonary arterial hypertension\ D. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema **72. A 69-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with pneumonia. The physician asks you to assess the patient. Which of the following breath sounds would you expect to hear upon auscultation?**\ A. Wheezing\ B. Bronchial\ C. Vesicular\ D. Hyperresonance **73. A 64-year old female patient was admitted and the physician suspects that a pneumothorax is present. Which of the following percussion notes would you expect to find in this patient?**\ A. Increased resonance\ B. Flat percussion note\ C. Dull percussion note\ D. Hyperresonant percussion note **74. It has been determined that a patient in the ICU that is receiving [mechanical ventilation](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/mechanical-ventilation-tmc-practice-questions-guide/) has ARDS. Which of the following would you expect to find in this patient?**\ A. Refractory hypoxemia\ B. Metabolic alkalosis\ C. Increased lung volumes\ D. Increased compliance **75. A 66-year-old female patient arrives in the emergency room with chest tightness, dyspnea, and shortness of breath. The doctor ordered a blood test to check troponin and BNP but the results were negative. Her ABG results show partially compensated respiratory acidosis. Which of the following is likely the issue in this case?**\ A. Pneumonia\ B. CHF\ C. Exacerbation of COPD\ D. [**Myocardial infarction**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/myocardial-infarction-heart-attack/) **76. The physician ordered a V/Q scan on a 59-year-old patient. Which of the following conditions would a ventilation scan appear normal but a perfusion scan reveal areas of absent blood flow?**\ A. Pneumonia\ B. [**Lung cancer**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/lung-cancer/)\ C. Pulmonary embolism\ D. Emphysema **77. You are called to help treat a patient with a neuromuscular condition. The patient is showing signs of paralysis that started in the feet but has extended upwards throughout the remainder of the body. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?**\ A. Guillain-Barré syndrome\ B. Myasthenia gravis\ C. Stroke\ D. [**Drug overdose**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/drug-overdose-practice-questions/) **78. A recent post-operative patient is being treated with incentive spirometry. The patient's inspiratory capacity has decreased over the past few days and their level of dyspnea has been increasing. The [chest x-ray shows consolidation](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/radiographic-findings-tmc-cse/) in the lung bases with no shift of the trachea. Which of the following has most likely developed?**\ A. Pneumonia\ B. Pleural effusion\ C. Atelectasis\ D. Pneumothorax **79. While reviewing a patient's chest x-ray, it shows that there is a shift of the trachea and mediastinum to the left side. There is also a complete opacification on the left side as well. These findings indicate which of the following?**\ A. Diffuse pulmonary emphysema\ B. Right-sided pleural effusion\ C. A pneumothorax of the right lung\ D. Atelectasis of the left lung **80. While reviewing the chest x-ray of a 47-year-old male patient, you note that the heart is shifted to the patient's right. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this finding?**\ A. Atelectasis of the left side\ B. Tension pneumothorax on the left side\ C. Tension pneumothorax on the right side\ D. Pleural effusion on the right side **81. While listening to the breath sounds of a 55-year-old patient, you hear a creaking or grating sound. The sound gets louder with deep breathing but is not affected by coughing. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?**\ A. Atelectasis\ B. Pleurisy\ C. Chronic bronchitis\ D. Pulmonary edema **82. You are called to perform a chest assessment of a new patient. Upon assessment, you notice that the patient has a paradoxical chest wall movement. Which of the following best describes this finding?**\ A. Chronic bronchitis\ B. Flail [**chest**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/flail-chest-trauma/)\ C. Exacerbation of COPD\ D. Tension pneumothorax **83. A new patient just finished a cardiothoracic surgery procedure. Upon assessment, you noticed that the patient has a paradoxical pulse. Which of the following conditions is most likely?**\ A. Pericarditis\ B. COPD exacerbation\ C. Myocardial infarction\ D. Cardiac tamponade **84. While assessing a female patient on her posterior side, palpitation reveals minimal diaphragmatic movement on the right side as she takes a deep breath. Her movement on the left side is normal. Which of the following conditions best explains this finding?**\ A. Pulmonary [**emphysema**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/emphysema/)\ B. Atelectasis in the left lower lobe\ C. Phrenic nerve paralysis on the left side\ D. A pleural effusion on the right side **85. A 68-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with shortness of breath and low blood pressure. Upon [initial assessment](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/patient-assessment-tmc-practice-questions/), you note the following: Reduced chest expansion, hyperresonance to percussion, absent of breath sounds, tactile fremitus, and a tracheal shift to the right. Which of the following do these findings suggest?**\ A. Pleural effusion on the left side\ B. Pneumothorax on the left side\ C. Atelectasis on the left side\ D. Consolidation on the left side **86. You are asked to assess a 39-year-old man that was admitted through the emergency department with an abrupt onset of fever and chills. The man shows signs of bilateral rhonchi with a productive cough and his SpO2 is 88% on room air. What should you recommend?**\ A. Intubate and provide mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen\ B. Provide [**noninvasive positive pressure ventilation**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/noninvasive-ventilation/) using a full face mask\ C. Implement postural drainage and percussion with directed coughing\ D. Provide oxygen therapy, give an antibiotic, and obtain a sputum sample for Culture and Sensitivity **87. You heard bronchial breath sounds over the patient's right middle lobe while performing a routine assessment. Due to this finding, which of the following conditions would you expect to be present?**\ A. Asthma\ B. Pneumonia\ C. Emphysema\ D. Pleural effusion **88. Upon assessment of a new patient who was just admitted, you noticed that they have pink frothy secretions. This is most likely indicates which of the following:**\ A. ARDS\ B. Cor pulmonale\ C. Left ventricular failure\ D. An electrolyte imbalance **89. The most likely cause of stridor in an adult patient would be which of the following?**\ A. Croup\ B. Asthma\ C. Epiglottitis\ D. Post-extubation edema **90. After reviewing the chest radiograph of a 71-year-old male, you noticed a large area of consolidation in the right lung. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?**\ A. Pulmonary barotrauma\ B. Tension pneumothorax\ C. Interstitial emphysema\ D. Lobar pneumonia **91. A 60-year-old patient has been admitted and is showing signs of fever, diaphoresis, [use of accessory muscles](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/accessory-muscles-of-breathing/), and a respiratory rate or 22 breaths/min. Auscultation revealed rhonchi in the lower lobes. Which of the following would you suspect?**\ A. Heart attack\ B. Pneumothorax\ C. COPD exacerbation\ D. Bacterial pneumonia **92. You have a patient that complains of left-sided chest pain while receiving mechanical ventilation. While assessing the patient, you note [tachypnea](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/breathing-patterns/), a weak and thready pulse, tracheal deviation to the right, and decreased breath sounds and hyperresonance on the left. Which of the following would you recommend?**\ A. Suctioning\ B. A bronchoscopy\ C. The insertion of a chest tube\ D. A thoracentesis **93. You received an order from a new resident to administer an [albuterol treatment](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/albuterol/) to a CHF patient with acute pulmonary edema for wheezing. What should you do in this case?**\ A. Recommend [**acetylcysteine**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/acetylcysteine/) instead of albuterol\ B. Perform the therapy with [**supplemental oxygen**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/medical-gas-therapy/)\ C. Perform the treatment as ordered\ D. Recommend a [**diuretic**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/diuretic-agents-practice-questions/) and oxygen therapy **94. A patient is the emergency room is suspected to have a pulmonary embolism. In order to confirm this suspicion, which of the following laboratory tests would you recommend?**\ A. Hematocrit\ B. Troponin I\ C. D-dimer\ D. Arterial blood gas **95. While assessing a 54-year-old male patient, you note that he has diminished breath sounds in the right lower lobe with a [trachea](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/trachea/) that has shifted to the right. What is most likely the cause of these findings?**\ A. Pneumothorax on the left side\ B. Pneumonia on the left side\ C. Pneumothorax on the right side\ D. Atelectasis on the right side **96. In which of the following conditions would postural drainage be most helpful?**\ A. Pleural effusion\ B. Cystic fibrosis\ C. Pneumonia\ D. Asthma **97. Which of the following procedures would be most beneficial in [preventing atelectasis](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/atelectasis/) in a 59-year-old female patient that is less than 24 hours post-surgery?**\ A. Albuterol via SVN four times daily\ B. Pursed-lip breathing [**as needed**](https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/prn-meaning/)\ C. Inspiratory resistance exercises three times daily\ D. Incentive spirometry maneuver 10 times per hour