Cardiac Anatomy PDF

Gross Anatomy Of The Heart Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum). A double- layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart like a sac. The outer layer of the pericardium surrounds the roots of...

Gross Anatomy Of The Heart Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum). A double- layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart like a sac. The outer layer of the pericardium surrounds the roots of your heart's major blood vessels and is attached by ligaments to your spinal column, diaphragm, and other parts of your body. The inner layer of the pericardium is attached to the heart muscle. A coating of fluid separates the two layers of membrane, letting the heart move as it beats, yet still be attached to your body. The Heart In The Plain Chest-X-Ray MRI, coronary angiogram, and 3-D- reconstruction Anatomical Position of the Heart The Diaphragm 1, 3, 7: vertebral, costal, and sternal muscular parts 2 aorta 4 oesophagus 5 inferior cava vein 6 tendinous centre  Some Technical Data The heart weighs between 7 and 15 ounces (200 to 425 grams) and is a little larger than the size of your fist. By the end of a long life, a person's heart may have beat (expanded and contracted) more than 3.5 billion times. In fact, each day, the average heart beats 100,000 times, pumping about 2,000 gallons (7,571 liters) of blood. Layers of the Cardiac Wall  Muscle Tissue Types skeletal muscle - The voluntary striated contractile tissue of the body; the bulk of this contractile tissue mass is located within the head, trunk, and the limbs; this contractile tissue consists of giant multininucleate cells derived from the fusion of embryonic mesodermal stem cells.striated muscle - The muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes, a banding pattern observed in microscopy, due to the parallel arrangement of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin, within the cell's contractile organelles, the myofibrils; skeletal and cardiac muscle are striated; it develops from embryonic mesoderm. cardiac muscle - The specialized involuntary striated contractile tissue of the heart; comprising the myocardium in which the uninucleate cells are connected to each other by intercalated discs; it develops from embryonic mesoderm. smooth muscle - The involuntary unstriated contractile tissue of the body; the muscle found in the walls of internal organs including blood vessels; consisting of small uninucleate spindle-shaped cells; Your heart has 4 chambers. The upper chambers are called the left and right atria, and the lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. A wall of muscle called the septum separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in your heart. The left ventricle's chamber walls are only about a half-inch thick, but they have enough force to push blood through the aortic valve and into your body. The 4 Chambers of The Heart arrows show direction of blood flow  Right Atrium The right atrium receives de-oxygenated blood from the body through the superior vena cava (head and upper body) and inferior vena cava (legs and lower torso). The sinoatrial node sends an impulse that causes the cardiac muscle tissue of the atrium to contract in a coordinated, wave-like manner. The tricuspid valve, which separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, opens to allow the de- oxygenated blood collected in the right atrium to flow into the right ventricle.  Right Ventricle The right ventricle receives de-oxygenated blood as the right atrium contracts. The pulmonary valve leading into the pulmonary artery is closed, allowing the ventricle to fill with blood. Once the ventricles are full, they contract. As the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes and the pulmonary valve opens. The closure of the tricuspid valve prevents blood from backing into the right atrium and the opening of the pulmonary valve allows the blood to flow into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs.  Left Atrium The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. As the contraction triggered by the sinoatrial node progresses through the atria, the blood passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.  Left Ventricle The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood as the left atrium contracts. The blood passes through the mitral valve into the right ventricle. The aortic valve leading into the aorta is closed, allowing the ventricle to fill with blood. Once the ventricles are full, they contract. As the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens. The closure of the mitral valve prevents blood from backing into the left atrium and the opening of the aortic valve allows the blood to flow into the aorta and flow throughout the body. Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation Four valves regulate blood flow through your heart: The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen. The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle. The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, your body's largest artery, where it is delivered to the rest of your body. Anatomy: Pulmonary (pulmonic) Valve  The 4 Cardiac Valves The “valvular plain“ anatomical, schematic, and in ultrasound. Arteries and Veins Aorta The aorta is the largest single blood vessel in the body. It is approximately the diameter of your thumb. This vessel carries oxygen- rich blood from the left ventricle to the various parts of the body. Pulmonary Artery The pulmonary artery is the vessel transporting de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. A common misconception is that all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. It is more appropriate to classify arteries as vessels carrying blood away from the heart. Pulmonary Vein The pulmonary vein is the vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium. A common misconception is that all veins carry de-oxygenated blood. It is more appropriate to classify veins as vessels carrying blood to the heart. Because the heart is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue that continuously contracts and relaxes, it must have a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. The coronary arteries are the network of blood vessels that carry oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood to the cardiac muscle tissue. The blood leaving the left ventricle exits through the aorta, the body’s main artery. Two coronary arteries, referred to as the "left" and "right" coronary arteries, emerge from the beginning of the aorta, near the top of the heart.