Carbon and its Compounds PDF

4. Draw the structures for the following compounds. ? (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane* (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal. *Are...

4. Draw the structures for the following compounds. ? (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane* (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal. *Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane? 5. How would you name the following compounds? (i) CH3—CH2—Br (ii) (iii) 4.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS In this section we will be studying about some of the chemical properties of carbon compounds. Since most of the fuels we use are either carbon or its compounds, we shall first study combustion. 4.3.1 Combustion Carbon, in all its allotropic forms, burns in oxygen to give carbon dioxide along with the release of heat and light. Most carbon compounds also release a large amount of heat and light on burning. These are the oxidation reactions that you learnt about in the first Chapter – (i) C + O2 → CO2 + heat and light (ii) CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + heat and light (iii) CH3CH2OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O + heat and light Balance the latter two reactions like you learnt in the first Chapter. Activity 4.3 Activity 4.4 CAUTION: This Activity needs the teacher’s assistance. n Light a bunsen burner and n Take some carbon compounds (naphthalene, adjust the air hole at the camphor, alcohol) one by one on a spatula and burn base to get different types of them. flames/presence of smoke. n Observe the nature of the flame and note whether n When do you get a yellow, smoke is produced. sooty flame? n When do you get a blue n Place a metal plate above the flame. Is there a deposition flame? on the plate in case of any of the compounds? Saturated hydrocarbons will generally give a clean flame while unsaturated carbon compounds will give a yellow flame with lots of black smoke. This results in a sooty deposit on the metal plate in Activity 4.3. However, limiting the supply of air results in incomplete combustion of even saturated hydrocarbons giving a sooty flame. The gas/kerosene stove used at home has inlets for air so that a sufficiently oxygen-rich Carbon and its Compounds 69 2024-25