English Worksheet No. 2 PDF

## English Worksheet No. 2 ### Ex1 Fill in the blanks, by replacing the words in heavy type with antonyms from the box. | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | descended | villain | gathered | minimum | loss | small | retreated | recklessly | | declined | left | innocent | defeat | | | cer...

## English Worksheet No. 2 ### Ex1 Fill in the blanks, by replacing the words in heavy type with antonyms from the box. | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | descended | villain | gathered | minimum | loss | small | retreated | recklessly | | declined | left | innocent | defeat | | | certain | | **(i)** The huge ___small___ army advanced ___retreated___ after its victory ___defeat___. **(ii)** The climbers ascended ___descended___ the mountain cautiously ___recklessly___. **(iii)** Maximum ___minimum___ security existed for the guilty ___innocent___ prisoners. **(iv)** It is doubtful ___certain___ that the venture will make a profit ___loss___. **(v)** The crowd dispersed ___gathered___ when the police arrived ___left___. **(vi)** The hero ___villain___ accepted ___declined___ the award. ### Ex2 Match the informal language on the left with the formal words on the right that have the same meaning. | Informal | Formal | |---|---| | up for grabs | available (i) | | crack up | laugh (ii) | | as a result | consequently (iii) | | | approximately (iv) | | around | requirement (v) | | make up your mind | decide (vi) | | | disparity (vii) | ### Ex3 Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. **(i)** ___Settling___ (settle) himself in an easy chair, he ___started___ (start) reading ___a novel___ (read) a novel. **(ii)** The only way ___learning___ (learn) to play ___the piano___ (play) the piano is to ___practice___ (practice) well. **(iii)** ___Deserted___ (desert) by his companions, he ___decided___ (decide) to ___continue___ (continue) the journey on his own. **(iv)** When he finally ___reached___ (reach) the counter, he ___was told___ (tell) ___to go___ (go) to another. **(v)** ___Distracted___ (distract) by a plane ___flying___ (fly) overhead, we almost ___missed___ (miss) a turning. ### Ex4 Synthesize each pair of sentences using a participle. **(i)** He was offended by the question. He refused to give an answer. ___Offended by the question, he refused to give the answer___. **(ii)** Ted followed the river. He was able to find his way back to the camp. ___Following the river, Ted was able to find his way back to the camp___. **(iii)** Peter has left school. He is looking for a job. ___After leaving the school, Peter is looking for a job___. **(iv)** The car ran out of petrol. It stalled at the traffic lights. ___Stalled at the traffic lights, the car ran out of petrol___. **(v)** He worked overtime. He managed to earn enough to repay his debts. ___Managing to earn enough to repay his debts, he worked overtime___. ### Ex5 The Colon The Colon can be used in the following ways: 1. Before a list that is introduced by a complete sentence. **Example:** The reporter interviewed the following people: the department heads, the members of the faculty council, and a representative group of students. 2. To introduce the effect, or logical consequence of an action. **Example:** There was only one way he could win: he had to cheat. 3. Before a quotation. **Example:** This is what Plato had to say about mathematicians: "I have hardly ever known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning." 4. After the salutation in a business letter or memo. **Example:** Dear Senator Harkin: 5. To separate hours from minutes. **Example:** Our soccer game starts at 7:30. 6. To show ratios. **Example:** Pour in the milk and water at a 3:1 ratio. ### Fill in the missing colons. 1. I gave you the spray bottles for one reason: to clean the windows. 2. You will need the following ingredients: milk, sugar, flour, and eggs. 3. Ali, please set the alarm clock for 6:00. 4. My father ended every conversation the same way: "Don't give up." 5. Dear Mr. Kurasu: of the Kiragowa Corporation 6. Mix the oil and vinegar at a 1:2 ratio. 7. I have invited the following people to my party: Kevin, Amy, and Keeley. 8. There is only one way to make it to the top: hard work. 9. The soldier shouted the following before leaving to war: "We shall be victorious!" ### Ex6 Complete the collocations in the following sentences. **(i)** The negotiator was looking for a way to ___bring___ the two sides together. **(ii)** He came into the room quietly so that he wouldn't ___draw___ attention. **(iii)** We have to ___do___ some more research before we publish the results. **(iv)** I'm sorry. I didn't ___catch___ your name. Could you tell me again? **(v)** The mafia boss had his associates do everything for him, so he didn't have to ___get___ his hands dirty. ### Ex7 Fill in the missing words in these proverbs and sayings. **(i)** ___Always___ put your best foot forward. **(ii)** Cross the stream where it is ___shallowest___. **(iii)** A fool and his money ___are soon parted___. **(iv)** A chain is only as strong as its ___weakest___ link. **(v)** Among the ___blind___ the one-eyed man is king. ### Ex8 Express these collocations in your own words. **(i)** He was always one for cutting off his nose to spite his face. ___He always performs or does the things which harm him___. **(ii)** A stitch in time saves nine. ___It's better to take right decisions rather than remedy a situation___. **(iii)** The choice was between the devil and the deep blue sea. ___Both situations were undesirable___. **(iv)** A miss is as good as a mile. ___It doesn't matter how many times you have failed before you get succeed___. **(v)** It's as broad as it's long. ___Every alternative is equal___. ### Ex9 Express these colloquial expressions in a formal way. **(i)** The teacher responded to my reason for not doing my assignment with a ___pinch of salt___, ___not believing___. ___The teacher responded to my reason for not doing my assignment.___ **(ii)** I felt really ___cheesed off___ when he gave me a detention for not handing in my work ___I felt disappointment when he gave me a detention for not handing my work___. **(iii)** I was given a new playstation for my birthday so I tried to ___flog___ the old one to my best friend. ___ I was given a new playstation for my birthday, so I tried to (flog) sell the old one to my best friend___. **(iv)** My younger brother was ___very excited___, ___full of beans___ when he came back from his friend's birthday party. ___ My younger brother was very excited when he came back from his friend's birthday party___. **(v)** Although I disagreed strongly with the speaker's point of view I thought it best not to ___argue___, to ___make waves___ at the meeting. ___Although I disagreed strongly with the speaker's point of view I thought it best not to argue at the meeting___. ### Ex10 In each of the sentences that follow, replace the words in heavy type with a colloquial word or phrase from the box. | Colloquial words | |---|---| | make ends meet | an old bomb | shoot through | pinched | | threw in the towel | went mad at | | | **(i)** The car salesman showed him a very dilapidated old vehicle. ___ an old bomb___ **(ii)** When the dog began barking loudly, they decided it was time to leave the area in a hurry. ___shoot through___ **(iii)** The police woman spoke angrily to the foolish motorist. ___went mad at___ **(iv)** When it was clear that he would not be able to catch the others, the runner ceased making any attempt. ___threw in the towel___. **(v)** It was widely reported that he had stolen the bicycle. ___pinched___ **(vi)** Many small businesses have been struggling to earn enough money ___to continue___. ___make ends meet___ ### Ex11 Types of Sentences **Complex Sentence** A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. When the dependent clause comes first, a comma should be used to separate the clauses. **Example:** While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late. Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent clause and it does not require a comma. **Example:** Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station. **Compound-Complex Sentence** A compound-complex sentence is comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Because compound-complex sentences are normally longer than other sentences, it is very important to punctuate them correctly. **How to write compound-complex sentence** A compound-complex sentence combines compound and complex sentences. **For example:** Compound sentence: I would like to read the book, but it's not available. (with coordinating conjunction) Complex sentence: Though it's not available, I'd like to read the book.( with subordinating conjunctions such as because, though, as, while, if, etc. These are also known as adverb clauses) **OR** I would like to read the book which was written by John Handy. (relative pronouns who, which, that, etc.) **Combining the Two:** Most compound-complex sentences contain coordinating conjunction and an adverb or relative pronouns. **Example:** I would like to read the book which was written by John Handy, but it's not available. Other examples of compound- complex sentences - Though Mitchell prefers watching horror movies, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much. - Susan teaches the kids who live in the neighborhood in the evenings after she comes home from work. **Read the sentences and choose the answer that identifies the type of sentence.** 1. The clock's minute hand is moving, but the second hand has stopped. - (b) compound sentence 2. Before the sun rises, she runs two miles or exercises. - (d) compound-complex sentence 3. As it happens, you are right, and I am wrong. - (d) compound-complex sentence 4. Choose the correctly written compound-complex sentences. - (b) Although the exercise was difficult, we managed to finish it on time, so we passed the exam. 5. Which sentence is complex? - (a) Before scientists invented telescopes, the moon was a mystery.