Chronology of Modern History PDF

# CHRONOLOGY Modern History - 1859 Indigo Revolt - Bengal - 1860 Indigo Commission - Indian Penal code - 1861 Indian Councils Act - (6-12) members - No Real power - Neither can discuss budget nor can - question any executive decision - Civil Service Act - Exam conducted in England in Eng...

# CHRONOLOGY Modern History - 1859 Indigo Revolt - Bengal - 1860 Indigo Commission - Indian Penal code - 1861 Indian Councils Act - (6-12) members - No Real power - Neither can discuss budget nor can - question any executive decision - Civil Service Act - Exam conducted in England in English. - 1862 - 3 more members nominated - Raja of Benaras - Raja of Patiala - Sir Dinkar Rao - 3 New High counts - Calcutta, Mumbai, & Madras - (Allahabad H. Count - 1866) - 1863 Satyendra Nath Tagore - First Indian to join civil service. - 1864 Indian forest service - 1866 East Indian Association, London Dadabhai + Retired Naoroji British official - 1869 Lord Mayo (New Viceroy) - 20 Oct Gandhi born - 1870 Female Infenticide Prevention Act - Poona Sarvajnik Sabha (M. G. Ranade) - To protect Peasants' rights - 1871 Criminal Tribes Act - Criminalize community as a habitual criminal. - 1865 The London Indian Society - W. C. Benerejee, M. Ghose, P. Mehta, B. Tayyabji Under the guidance of Dadabhai Naoroji - 1872 Indian society in London - A. M. Bose - First All India census - Lord Mayo - Parameters - caste, Religion, Profession, Age - Native mariage Act - Child marriage prohibition Act - Can't marry before the age of 14 - Henry Walter - Father of Indian censes - conducted census in Dhaka 1830. - 1875 Muhammadan. Anglo-oriental college - Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. - 1876 Indian National Association - (S.N. Banerjee, A. M. Bose) - Royal Titles Act - (Queen Victoria recognised as British Subject. - Demand by Poonsarvagnik Sabha to givent Indic the same porttical status as enjoyed by British subjects. - 1877 1st Delhi Darbar, Ganesh vasudeo joshi-wearing homespun spotless white khadi - Organised by Ramnath Tagore. - Thomas Henry Herr Thornton. - Held to celebrate sucess of Edward-VII as Empress of India - 1903 2nd Delhi Darbar - Held to celebrate sucess of Edward-VII as Empress of India. - 1911 3rd Delhi Parber (22 march) - Sovereign, George - I Attended - Native Princess - Begum of Bhopal attended - Annulment of the partition of Bengal announced - 13 december, the royal couple (George & Queen mary) made a darshan at the Jharoka (balcony window) of Red fort, a custom Started by Humayun. - 1878 Vernacular press act (by Lytton) - curtail the freedom of Indian press - 1881 - The factory Act(Ist) - It prohibited the employment of children under the age of 7. - Provision of one hour rest during working period - Synchronous census conducted - Ripon - 1882 Repeal of vernacular press Act - Hunter education commission (objective to look into the complaints of non-implementation of wood's dispatch of 1854) - * Resolution of local self Grort - Ripon - "father of local self Grovt" - *known as - Ilbert Bill- Indian Judges given power to charge against "European British subjects, of they were themselves not European. But bill got diluted- (7 British Judge, 5 Indian Judges) - 1884 Madaras Mahajan Sabha. - (M. vearanga wacharias & Amand charlu) - 1885 Bombay presidency association - (Phesoz shah Mehta, koto Telang, Bachuddin Tayyabji - 28 deet - Indian national congress (by A. O. Hume) - First INC session, Bombay, 72 delegates - President WoC. Benarjee. (womesh chandra) - 1888 - First temple for untouchables (Arivippumam, Kerala) - By Sri Narayan Crinu - 1889 British committee of INC, london - To mobilize public union for Reforms - Wo Wedderburn-chairman, W. Digby - secretary - 1891 Second Factory Act - child below gyss was Probhibited - women working has-11 - women employment at night prohibited - Age of consent Act - Prohibited maniage of girls before 12 yos - 1892 The Indian councils Act - Increased the size of LG in India (10-16)-members - Indirectly - Given right to ask Questions on the Budget. - 1893 B. G. Tilak started Ganpati festival - 11 sep- Swami Vivekanand - Deliver speech on parliament of world religion, chicago, - Durand line Demarcated - Afghanistan & British India (After second Anglo-Afghan war) - 1894 - Punjab National bank founded by Lala Lay pat pai - 1895 The shivaji festival was started by- B.G. Tilak (Rajgarh fort Pune) - Deccan Sabha cras started by - Gopal krishna Gokhle - After the split of Poona Sarvagnik Sabha. (sput on the issue of age of consent Bill) - 1897 Bubonic plague (Bombay & pune) - Epidemic disease act 1897. - Two British officials assassinated by chapekar brothers, Wic. Rand, Ayerst - The Battle of Saragashi (21 Sikh Soldiers fought with Afghan Tribes) - 1899 Lord custon (Viceroy of India) (introduced by - Charles Rivaz) - 1900 Punjab Land Alienation Act - India-first time participated in olympics in Paris. - 1904 Indian universities Act - It was intended to make recommendation for reforms in university education in India. - Co-operative credit soicties Act - To Recommended by Sir Edward Law - This art gave impetus to the cooperative movement in India. - cooperative movement - kanjivaram in machas Province in October - 1905 19th July- Partition of Bengal announced by lord curzon. - Swadeshi movement (August, Calcutta Townhall) - B. G. Tilak - Bombay - L.L. Roy - Punjab - chidambaram-chennai - Syed Raza - Delhi - 1906 The national council of Education (15 Ang 1900) - All-India Muslim League (Shimla deputation) - 30ded 1906 (Nawab Salimullah, Khawaja Nawab of Dhaka & Aga Khan) - INC session, calcutta - Dadabhai Naoroji -was again elected president of INC - Resolution of self bort (Swarag) - 1907 Surat Split, moderators Extremists - "The Pagdi sambhal Jatta" movement (Sardar Ajit singh) - written by- Banke Dayal s Editor of Thang sayal - 1909 Nasik conspiracy case - A.M.T Jackson was killed by Anant Mohan Kanhare. - (21 dec) - S.P. Sinha - First Indian to become a member of the viceroy's executive council. - member of Abhinav Bharat society ( Young India Society) - Indian councils Act - Is Morley-Minto Reforms - * seperate electorate for muslims - central legislative council - members (16 to 60) - The members could discuss the Budget & move Resolutions. - 1910 - Lord Hardinge-viceroy - 1911 Delhi Durbar, Creorge -- emperor - Annulment of partition of Bengals - The capital was shifted to Delhi in 1911 (12th dec) - Assam made a seperate province - Bihar & orissa seperated from Bengal - End of Swadeshi movement. - INC, calcutta session - Jana Ghana Mana was first sung on 27 Dec 1911 at calcutta session. - 1912 Delhi conspiracy case - Bomb attack on lord Hardinge Rash Bihari Bose, Sachin sanyal, Basant Kumar Viswas, Amir chand, Avadh Behari - convicted & Executed. - 1913 - Raja Harish chandra movie. - Dada Saheb Phalke - The father of Indian cinema. - Tagore revered 'The nobel prize for literature - The Ghadar party established, San fransisco California - Handayal singh 15 July - Romy staander - Sohan Singh Bhakna (President) - 1914 Komgata Madu incident - The japanese ship komgata Maru, on which A group of people from British India attempted to Immigrate canada in April 1914 - Shimla Accordin - Macmohan Line - Agreement b/w British India & Tibetan. - 1915 Defence of India Act (19march) - Defence of India Regulations Act - Afghanistan - Provisional govt of India (By Raja Mahendra Pratap with the help of Amanullah Khan) - The provisional gort of India was a provisional govt-in-Exile established in Kabul, Afghan on Dec 1,1915 - 9 Jan - Gandhi return to India - Established Ashram in Ahmadabad- Sabarmati Ashram, - 1916 The Indian Homerule league movement - Nationalist respo against world war I - Tilak- Maharashtra-Belgaon - Annie Besant - Madaras, sep-1916 - Moderates & Extremists - Reuhite - lucknow INC session - Ambika charan Majmudar- He had served as the president of 31st session of the INC in 1916 where famous luck now part was signed. - Indian National congress - All India Muslim league - Lucknow Pact - Congress accepted seperate electorate. - on a commar goal -self zule - 1917 Champaran Satyagraha - first CDM - Abolished Tinkathiya system - 25% compensation to pensants. - Angust Decleration - Montagu Decleration - responsible govt would be setup gradually - development f self-governing instr. - increase the participation of Indian in every Branches of administration. - 1918 Ahmadabad mill Strike - on the issue of discontinuation of plague bny - Kheda satyagaraha (Gujarat) - First Non-cooperation movement by Grandhi - other leaders - Patel, Narhari parikh, Mohanlal Pandaya, Ravi shankar vyas. - Montagu - chelmsford Reforme Report - Introducing of new reforms - Nop Swaraj option. - 1919 Rowlatt Acts. (March 1922 act repealed) - GGort can arrest people & keep them in prison without any trial - Habeas corpus suspended - Rewlatt satyagraha (6 April) - first All India Strike - Dr. Saifuddin kitchlew & Dr. Satyapal. Arrested. - Jalianwalah Bagh (13th April) - Tagore returned his 'Knighthood' - Gandhi returned his Kaiser-i- Hind medal against Amritsar massacre. - Hunter commission 1920 - to examine Jalianwalah Bagh massacre. - No action recommended - Govt of India Act 1919 - Provincial levels of diarchy - Reserved - members got power to present no confidence. - 70% members elected - women got the right to vote. - Governer could veto Bills & issue ordinance - Power to refert Budget - Governer had the power to restore budget - Transferred - No responsible gout, Viceroy had All the power - central list - Provincial list - 8 members in executive council - with ③ Indian members - Bicameralism - Rajyasabha - Male members only - Syss of Tenure. - Loksabha - 3 yss Tenure - 25%. Of Budget was subjected to vote. - 75% of Budget was still not votable. - 1919 Jawaharlal Nehru - Joins congress - President - Motilal Nehon - the khilafat movement the caliphate movement - All Imustinis over the world, including India, Regarded the Sultan of Turkey as their Spiritual leader. - the khilafat movement was started to Support the sultan of Turkey. - Khilafat committee (Bombay) - Shaukat Ali, Mohammad Ali, Abul Kalam Azad, Ajmal Khan, Hasrat Mohani - All India Khilafat committee (Delhi) - Gandhi-elected as President. - Indian National liberal federation - LS.N. Banerjee, Tej Bahadur sapsu, MoR. Jayakar - 1920 - 1 Aug 1920- B. G. Tilak Died (Mumbai) - Tilak swaraj Fund-started fo finance Non-cooperation movement - 31st Ang - Khilafat committee Started Non-cooperation movement at Allahabad - sep - INe calcutta session - Gandhi moved Non-cooperation Resolution Compelling the British administration to accept its fault regarding govt. action in Punjab, - Support khilafat movement. - attainment of self gout, Poorna Swarag - December - ING Nagpur session - Nem endorsed Swaraj - through peaceful & Legitimate means - CWC of 15 members were set up - CWC Linguistic basis - ALL India trade union congress (AITUC) - first president Rãy - Secretary - Dewan chaman lal - In may 1923, the first may Day was celebrated in India, in Madras. - 1921 All India khilafat commi Hee - ↳ calls muslims Not to serve British Aimy - The Malabar rebellion - The Moplah Massaore - opposed British Tenancy law - The Wagon Tragedy - 67 prisoners died of suffocation. - a Chamber of privicess - established to provide a forumdia in which the ruless of princely States of India could voice their needs & aspirization's to tere colonial govt of British India. - 1922 - 1st Feb - Gandhi threatened to Launch CDM from Barddi, Gujarat - If political prisoners were not released & press controllers were not released. - 5th Feb- chaumi-chaura incident - 12th Feb - Congress met at Bardoli - Gandhi decided to withdraw NCM. - 10th Masch- Gandhi anested - A prison for 6 yrs, - INC session raya - congress must Join council - Either council not to operate - council should not attain its obrative - defeat of Sevarajist - Led to the formation of congress- khilafat Swaraj party - Simply Swarajist Party with COR. Das President - Motilal Nehru - one of the secrateries - Leaders - M.Nehsu, C.Ropas, N.G. Kelkan - 1923 Mo changers - opened Ashsam - chaskha move ment - opened National school. - 1924 vaikom Satyagraha - Travancore - L↳ Sri Narayan bura - Against unfochability. - Hindustan Republic assou ation. - L↳ Ramprasad Bismil, Sachin sanyal. - 1925 - 9th Any - Kakai Train Robbery - Bismil & Azad - 26 Dec - Communist party of India - M.N. Ray - first General secretary→ 2. V. Ghate - Vithal Bhai Patel - president of central legislative Assembly - Sarojini Naidu- President of INC (Kampus) (first Indian women) - Annie Besant - first women president (1917) of INC (Calcutta) - 1924-Mahatma Gandhi became (Belgam). President of INC. - 1927 India Muslim League - All proposal (also called Delhi proposal) - Joint electrolate in place of seperate electorate - 1/3 reservation for Muslims in central LA. - Congress accepted it ( at madaras session dec1927) - Appointment of Simon commissioned - 7 members, No Indian members - To review the govt. of India Act 1919 - INC session Madaras - passed resolution against simon commission - 1928 Simon Commission arrived India - Recommendation - - Federalism, Abolition of dyaschys. No universal franchise - 1 seperate electorate until the communal tensions had - Representative at province ko level - No representative novt. at centre. - Feb 1928 Nehsu report- Answer to Lord Birken a head's challenge, Prepared by a committee headed by Motilal Nehsu. - Members - Tes Bahadur Sapru, Subhas Bose, M.S. Aney, Mangal singh, Ali Imam, Shuaib Quraishi, G.R. Pradhan, Jawabal lal Nelsu. - Recommendations:- - No seperate electorate - Fundamental rights Rincluding, equalrights forwomen- - Province on Linguistic basis (adult suffrage) - Dominion state - Complete dissociation of state from religion - Nemu & Subhas Bose rejected & setup → Independence for India league - Sep 1928 - HRA changes to HSRA (Ferozshah Kotla Delhi) - Participants included Bhagat singh, Sukhdev thapad, Bhagwati charan (Punjab), Bejoy Kumar Sinha, shive verma & Jayder Kapoor (United provinces) - Dec 1928- Saunders. Murder (Lahore) - Death of L. L. Ray during the protest against Limon commission, - Bhagat singh & Shiv ram Rajguru Shot dead J.P. Saunders. They actually wanted to kill S.P James cott. Sukhdev thapad, Chandrashekar Azad & were also involved. - INC session calcutta - Nehru repat accepted... - 1929 Jinnah's 14 points - Fedzal coust", with Residual powers at Provinces. - reservation for Muslims in the central Legislature. - Bhagat singh & Batukeshwar Dutta - Throw Bomb in L.A. - Public Safety bill & Trade dispute Bill were discussed. - Oct 31 Irwin decleration Deepavali decleration - Dominion status to India, But no timescale given. - Round Table conference (after simon comiccion repart submitted) - Nov 2,1929 Delhi manifesto - INC should have majority representation in RTC. - Purpose of RTC should not be determine whether when dominion status was to be reached but to formulate a const for implementation of the dominion status & Basic principle of dominion status should be immediately accepted. - Rejected by Irwin - Dec 19- INC session of Lahore (Neon-president) - Boycott RTC - Poor na Sevarajya resolution - 26 Jan decided as independence day - Starting of CDM. - 31st dec. 1929 - New adopted tricolor flag of forcedom was hoisted on the bank of River Ravi by Nehru & amidst slogan " Inquilab Zindabad" - 1930 Gandhi's Demand - Ban on liquor - Abolish Salt Tax - Reduce Land Revenue by 9 50%. - Ultimatum before Jan 31, 1930 - Dandi March (march 2012, April 6) - Sabarmati Ashram - 78 members - Starting of CDM - Binar - Nochowkidari campaign - Peshawar- Red shirt movement (KhanAbdulgaffarkhan) - Tamil Nadu, The Vedarnarayan Masch (Tiruchirpalli to Tangoredist - Gandhi was anested on the midnight of (4-5 may 1930) - First Round Table conference - congress didnot take part - Muslim league, Justice party, liberals & Ambedkar participate in jost RTC. - Sikh representative - Sardar Vijal singh, & Sardar Sampman singh, - Women - Begum Jahanara shahnawaz & Radhabai subbarayan. - Depressed class - Ambedkar & Rettamalai srinivasan - liberals - J. N. Bersu, Tej Bahadur Saprus, C.Y. chintamani V. S. Srinivasa - 1931 Jangs, Gandhi all the other members of CWC were released unconditionally. - Gandhi Irwin Pact (5 march) - Govt. agreed- - Release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence - right to make salt in coastal areas villages for personel consumption (not for sale) - Withdraw of emergency ordinance. - Gandhi agreed fo suspend CDM;& participation in RTC. - 23 march 1931 - Bhagat singh, Rajguru, Sukhder hanged - INC Session Karachi (special). - Patel (President) - Delhi part endorsed - Swaraj goal - Resolution on FRs - Adoption of National economic programmme - Second RTC (7sep - 1 Dec) - INC represented Gandhi'as a sole representative. A Rangoswami Iyer & Madan Mohan Malviya were also there - Sarojini Naidu representative for women &tromen of Ist RTC. - Second RT6 failed - 29 Dec - CWC decided to resume the CDM - 1932 Viceroy willingdon refused a meeting with Grandhi on Dec 31 (1931) - on Jan 4,1932-Gandhi was arrested. - ✓✓ civil martial law applied - April 1934 - Gandhide cided to withdraw CDM - Comn Communal Award Ramsay Macdonald Award - Is on Aug 16 1932, based on the findings of Indian franchise committee (also called Lothian Commi Hee) - seperate electorate for depressed classes (78 seats granted) - Gandhi went on infinite fast on sep 20, 1932. - Poona Paet (24 sep) b/w Gandhi & Ambedkar - No seperate electorate for depressed classes - Expansion of reserved seat. - Third RTC (NOV 17-Dec 24) - Not attended by Gandhi & INC. If was ignored by most of the Indian leaders - recommendations were released on a white paper in 1933 - 1933 Grandhi's Harijan campaign (first fromjail & After release in Ang 1933. - In Jail he started "All India Anti-Untouchability league in sep 1933 & started weekly "Harijan" in Jan 1933 - Conducted Harijan tour (Nov-1933 to July 1934) - Covering 20,000km, collecting money foreris newly setup Harijan Sevak sangh. - Shifted Ashram. (Sabarmati Wardha) & vowed not to return Labas mati Aslıram untill swaraj won. - 1934 RBI Act - congress socialist party (Narendra Dev & Jayprakash Narayan) - 1935 Govt of India Act - All India federation. - Federal level - Transfer - Subject - Resewed Subject - Residuary power Governer General - Provincial level Attorney - End of Diarchy - seperated electorate expanded - Federal list, concurrent list & Provincial list. - 1936 All India kisan sabha shahajanand Saraswati - 1936-37 - All India Provincial Assembly election - congress election manifesto - Rejection of fort of India Act - 28 month of congress rule in provinces - Extension of civil liberties - Police power curbed - Some agrarian reform - 1938 INC Haripenasession (President S.c Bose) - National Planning committee formed (Head-Mehsu) - 1939 Tripuri session crisis - Bose Ve Bita Ramaiya - won but Resigned. - 3rd Sep 1939 (2nd world was started) - Viceroy lord lithing low delared India's entry into the war without consulting Prominent Indian leaders who were just elected in previous election. - October 1939- congress ministers resigned on this issue. - Muslim league celerbrated Day of Deleberance (22 Dec) - 1940 23rd March - All India Muslim league passed resolution for partion of country in ominto Park! - Nehsu Called it " mad Idea" - Angust offer - Viceroy - Linlithgow - Dominion Status for India, & dicussed first time - Setting up of constituent Assembly - No future const to be adopted without Consent of minorities. - Congress rejected this offer. - Individual Satyagraha (1941) - Too show no diff b/w Nazism & British Govt. - Delhi chalo movement - to march towards Delhi If Grovt does not stop satyagarhis, - June 1941 Germany attacks Russia & Russia attacked intolwar - Dec 1941 Japan attacks. Pearl Harbour - March 1942 Japan ocupies Rangoon - 1942 cripps mission - Dominion status for India - New constituent Assembly A fterwar - congress opposed it. - 1942 AICC Gawaliontank meeting, Mumbai - Quit India movement resolution was zatified in a congress meeting 8th August - Mantra of "Do or Die" was adopted in this session. by Gandhiji - Parallel hort Established in Ballia (UP) chittu Pandey - Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar (Tamsalipta National Gort) in Tamuk, west Bengal - Main leader - satishchandra samata - Ajoy mukharjee - Sushil kumar Phara - Maatangin Hazra - Vidyut Vahini - & a sister corps - organized Biplabi - owned Newspaper - They setup Police Stations, military depts. counts & system of revenue collection.. - Satara (Maharashtras - "Prati Sarkar" was organised by Yore charan, Nana Patil ---- - There was no communal clashes, but these was severe govt. repression with upto 10,000 people killed. - Singapore (17 Feb) - Beb Mohan singh - (Acad Hind Fauz) - First Indian National Army by. - Handover to Loc Bose on 1943, - 1943 Feb, Gandhi Started fasters an answer to an exhortation by Grovt. to condemn vidence - March 23, 1943 - Pakistan Day observed - Pamine of 1943 - 1944 C-R formula - Mi legue to endorse congress demand for independence - League to cooperate with congress in forming a provisional govt at centre - After and of the war, seperate sovereign state will be decided by Plebisute. - 1945 Desai - Liyagat fact - Wavel Plan (Shimla conference) - General Election in 1945 - (labour Party (England) - under clement Atlee came to power o fir Patrick lawrence was the new seerat ary of State for India: - 1946 Cabinet mission plan - 24th June - Election held in provinual Assembly for CA. - July 10, 1946 - Nehou implied constituent assembly as sovereign and could decide on Rules of procedure on its own. - July 29, 1946- League zgected plan in response to Nehsus statement. - DirectActionday-16 Ang 1946. - Interim Govt- 2nd Sep 1946-Headed by Nehou formed without Muslim league, & later was allowed to join on 26 cart 1946 - constituent Assembly - 9 Dee 1946 (metfirst times - first parliament of di independent India - Dr. Sachidanand Sinha - first president. - 1947 Atlee's statement - 20th Feb 1947, PM atlee announced transfer of power on 30 June 1948 - Lord Mount batten last viceroy of British. India - replaces - Lord wavell - Mountbatten plan - June 3,1947 - India independent Act 1947 ( - Based on Mountbatten Plan - implemented in 15th Aug 1947 - Tell new const was adopted Governance to be carried in accordance with GoI Act 1935. - During khilafat movement- - M.A. Jinnah, Annie Besant, G.S. kharpade & B.C. Pal Left congress - S.N. Banesgee, Tej Bahadur sapsu, V. S. Srinivasa. - M-R. Jayakar Founded - Indian national liberal Federation"