Camping Learning Content PDF
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This document provides information about camping, including different types of camping, activities, and essential gear. It also touches on concepts like outdoor recreation and the benefits of recreation in personal, social, and economic contexts. Different camping activities like camping knot tying are also discussed.
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ubject: Physical Education and Health 4 S Grade: Grade 12 Semester: First Grading, Second Semester Topic: A. Introduction to Recreational Activity B. Camping: Knot Tying RECREATION Is an activitythatpeople...
ubject: Physical Education and Health 4 S Grade: Grade 12 Semester: First Grading, Second Semester Topic: A. Introduction to Recreational Activity B. Camping: Knot Tying RECREATION Is an activitythatpeopledoduringtheirfreetime.Thiscanalsobeasocialinstrument because of what it can contribute to the community. Recreation programs planned and implemented by bothprivateandgovernmentorganizations,builddesirablebehaviorssuchas using one’s free time wisely and maintaining one’s physicalfitness.Also,suchprogramshelp promote youth development, leadership, good family relations, civic consciousness, and the attainment of various physical, psychological, and social needs of individuals. Recreation is derived from the Latin word recreare which means to be refreshed. Recreational activities dependonone’sinterest,pursuits,andneedswhichmaybereflectivetoone’sbeliefandlevel of gratification. What is Outdoor Recreation? - Done during vacation or school break - They want to have fun - Done outdoors with nature OutdoorRecreationisorganizedactivitiesdoneduringone’sfreetimeforhis/herownpersonal reasons, where an interaction between man and an element of nature is present. A day can be divided into three parts according to CLAYNE R. JENSEN (2006): 1. EXISTENCE TIME – is time spent for biological needs like having a meal, sleeping, and other personal care. 2. SUBSISTENCE TIME – refers to the hours spent for economic purposes such as going to work, chores and for students, hours spent in school , and school work. 3. FREE TIME - is the remaining time after. How one decides to spend their free time varies from person to person.. Perhaps, to those who have been very busy with workload or school work. This is the best time to do recreational activities, to relax, and to rejuvenate. BENEFITS OF RECREATION PERSONAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT · Helps promote · Provides · Serves as a · Creates physical fitness leadership preventive awareness of opportunities health service and interest in · Aids stress thatbuildstrong nature especially management · Resultsinafit communities during trekking and, untimely, · Plays an and hiking · Reduces productive important role activities alienation, workforce in the human loneliness and · Encourages development · Motivates antisocial involvement in process business behaviors. the conversation relation and of natural · Promotes expansion in resources. ethnic and the cultural community harmony Camping: Knot Tying amping is a recreational activity in which participants take up temporary residence in the C outdoors,usuallyusingtentsorspeciallydesignedoradaptedvehiclesforshelter.Campingwas at onetimeonlyarough,back-to-naturepastimeforhardyopen-airlovers,butitlaterbecame the standard holiday forvastnumbers of ordinary families. Types of camping .Frontcountry camping- sometimes also called as “car camping” is camping on planned a campgrounds where it is close to a vehicle, with certain amenities (bathrooms and stores) and emergency aid. This is just like camping on the school grounds and in the local parks. Typically, picnic tables are provided, location of tents is specified, and fire rings are designated. This may also include travel-trailer camping. .Backcountry camping- no amenities are readily available and motorized vehicles cannot b reach the camping site. It will require physical exertion such as hiking or canoeing to travel to the location or to move from place to place. ` How did camping begin? homas Hiram Holding- father of modern recreational camping. He was a British traveling tailor T whose passion for camping was developed as a child. Together with his parents, they used to cross the United States in a wagon train heading for Oregon Territory. So at a very young age, he learned ways of camping. 1800’s- Holding took a canoe and camping trip in Scotland. 1894- First campsites were held on the Isle of Mann. 908- He wrote the first Camper’s Handbook- basics of camping were described which he 1 learned from his experiences. 901- Association of Cycle Campers was founded because he took the first bicycle camping trip 1 to Ireland using portable equipment using his own design 932- First international camping was organized and the Federation of Internationale de 1 Camping et de Caravanning (FICC) was founded.The popularity of camping a a recreation since then had grown to what it is today. How to prepare for a camping trip? 1. Identify the participants in the activity: names, contact information and health information. 2. Date, location and itinerary. 3. One should get in touch with the administrators of the camping resort hat are essential things to bring in camping?(see page 155 Chapter 9 Mountaineering W Activities) a. Clothes lothes are the first line of defense so that the body can maintain an appropriate core C temperature. The most effective way to regulate body temperature is through layering of clothes. This way, when temperature rises or drops, one can either take off or add layers of individual garments. The layering of clothes is as follows: (https://procarseatsafety.com/clothingoutdoors.html) Layer 1: Base Layer or Skin Layer Fabric should be thin and not block wind Synthetics, wool or silk Fits snug to your skin Not cotton Layer 2: Insulating Layer Middle layer worn over base layer Helps keep heat to your body Lightweight, quick drying and packable Layer 3: Wind and/or Rain-Barrier Layer Also called as shell- protection from wind, rain or snow. Should be windproof, waterproof and durable Should not restrict movement . Sleeping Bag and Pad b Sleeping bags provide warmth and comfort for a good rest at night. The warmth of the sleeping bag is determined by: ( https://momgoescamping.com/sleeping-bags-pad-sleeves/) 1. Kind of Insulating Material Down is warmer but not waterproof. Heavier and bulkier 2. Loft (refers to thickness of bag) Thicker loft will provide more warmth 3. Shape of the bag c. Tents The tent gives protection from the rain, wind, and bugs. It also adds warmth, comfort, and a sense of security. Tents come in many shapes, styles, and sizes.Tents should be light and compact so it will be easier to carry. d. Cooking and Eating Utensils A small lightweight backpack stove is more efficient than open fire temperature can be controlled. It also lessens the threat of starting fires and most importantly it has less impact on the environment as it will not leave fire residue. Cooking pot can double as an eating utensil, if one wants to conserve space. Bring spoon, fork, and knife although these can be combined in a camping swiss knife. CAMPING: KNOT TYING Knots knot is a connection in a cord or length of rope that has been formed in one of A twoways.Firstly,bypassingonefreeendofapieceofropethroughaloopanddrawingittight. Secondly, a knot can be made by intertwining or tying together two pieces of rope or cord. roups of Knots G Stopperknotspreventtheendsofaropefromfrayingandalsostoptheropefrombeingpulled throughapulleyblockoranyotheropening.Stopperknotsarealsousedtoweightheendofa length of rope to make it easier to throw. Shorteningknotsareusedtoformnoosesandloopsandtoshortenalengthofropeinsteadof cutting the rope with a blade. inding knots serve two purposes: they canconfineandconstrictasingleobjectorlengthof B rope or they can be used to hold closely together two or more objects or lengths of ropes. Hitches are used to tie a rope around an object like a pole, spar, or ring. Bend is a knot that ties two ropes together. roperties of a Rope P In the twentieth century, all rope was made of vegetable fiber, which came from a variety of sources: plant stems, such as flax and jute, leaves of agave (sisal) and abaca (hemp), fibrous coconut shells (coir), silk, wool, camel, and even human hair, have all been used. he properties of a rope are determined by the material from which it is made, as well as by the T way in which the rope has been constructed. Parts of a Rope orking end - the end of a rope that is actively involved in the knot-tying process (Anglers may, w however, also call it the tag end.) standing part- the remaining part of the rope. Standing end - the end of the standing part of the rope - that is, the other end, away from the end you are working with Bight - Rope that is folded back on itself without crossing over. You can create a bight to locate the exact center of a piece of rope Loop - When the two adjacent parts of a rope cross over Elbow - Add an extra twist to the loop Knot Tying Reef/Square Knot 1. Placetheworkingendintherighthandovertheworkingendinthelefthandandtiean Overhand Knot. 2. Place the working endinthelefthandovertheworkingendintherighthandandtiea second Overhand Knot. 3. Pull ends tight. “Right over left, left over right, ties a square knot, tidy and tight.” Uses - Tying two rope ends of the same size together - Many craft projects, for instance tying bandanas, macramé, etc. Round Turn and Half-hitches 1. Pass the working end of a line back from back to front, through or around the anchorage/stick. 2. Pass the working end around or through a second time, for a round turn 3. Taketheworkingendacross,thenbehind,thestandingpartandpassitthroughtheknot and tie a half-hitch. . Make an identical hafl-hitch. 4 5. Pull on the both rope parts to tighten the knot. Uses - secure a rope in a variety of situations – a good all-round hitch that is strong and doesn’t slip -tie a washing line to a tree -tie a load to the roof rack of your car. Sheet Bend 1. Using the working end of one rope, tie a Slip Knot around the other rope. 2. Using the working end of the second rope, tie aSlipKnotaroundthefirstropeonthe standing end side of the first knot. 3. Pull standing ends of both ropes until knots slide together Uses -Joining two ropes of different sizes together. --lengthen a guy line by adding a spare bit of rope or string to the end. Bowline Knot 1. Take a bight in the rope 2. Create a verticaloverhandloopsotheropeformsadouble“6”keepingplentyofrope available on the working end bight. 3. Bring the working end bight through the overhand loop, from back to front. 4. Open the working end bight and put knot all the way through loop. 5. Pull loop tight. Uses -Tie a loop in the end of a line. -Tie a bear bag from the loop at the end of a hanging rope. -Thread the other end of the rope through the loop and tie it off to secure a load on the car Taut line Hitch 1. Wrap the working end around a post from left to right. 2. Wrap the workingend,underhand,aroundthestandingendtwice,gettingclosertothe post each time, passing the end through the loop on the last wrap 3. Wrap the working end, underhand, around the standing end ontheoppositeendfrom the post, tucking the working end through the loop 4. Pull knot tight Uses -The last step for clothes-lines or other lines that may need to be tightened occasionally - Regulating the tension (tightness) on guy lines for tents, shelters, etc. Constrictor Knot 1. Take the working end of a short length of cord or twine from front to back over the foundation rope or object. 2. Lift the working end to complete a full turn 3. In the lower part of the turn just made, pull down a fairly long bight . Lift the bight, give it a half-twist, and pass the bight over the end of the foundation object. 4 5. Pull tightly on both ends. Trim off the ends close to the knot. Use --tie down your gear, secure guy ropes, string up makeshift washing lines, or hoist a tarp shelter. Transom Knot 1. Laytheobjectstobesecured(bamboopoles)attherightangle:thehorizontallyingon top of the vertical. 2. Take the working end off the horizontal pole and around the back of the vertical pole. 3. Bring the working end diagonally down and across its own standing part 4. Take the working end around the back of the vertical piece and return it to the front 5. Tucktheworkingendunderandthroughthediagonalknotparttoformahalf-knot,pull ends to tighten Use -Tying tent poles together -Buildyourowntentoutofwoodenpolesandyou'llhavetofindawayoftyingthepolessothe structure is firm and secure. Pile hitch . 1 ake a bight on the line M 2. Pass the bight over the stake or post 3. Bring the bight round the front of the stake or post and under both standing parts 4. Loop the bight over the stake or post se U -ideal for attaching ropes to posts or rails Slip Knot 1. U sing the working end, tie an Overhand Knot around the standing end, creating a loop. se U -Create an adjustable loop in a rope Fisherman’s Knot 1. Lay the two lines parallel and close to one another, with the working ends of each facing in opposite directions. 2. Pick up the lower working end and tie an overhand knot around the upper line 3. Take the upper working end an tie an overhand knot around the lower line 4. Tighten the individual knot by pulling on both working ends Use -to tie together two ropes or lines Clove Hitch 1. Wrap the working end around the back of a post twice, crossing on the front 2. Wrap a third time, passing the working end under the “x” created by the cross on the front of the post Uses -Hitching an object to a post or railing (e.g. boat at a dock) -Fastening a rope to a tree, post, or railing that will incur a constant force Cow Hitch 1. Place the working end on top of the standing end 2. Wrap a second time and pull tight Use -Putting a knot at the end of a rope to keep it from fraying -Making a “stop” to keep your hand from sliding off the end of the rope -Joining two pieces of string or cord that you do not wish to undo later Carrick Bend 1. Make a loop with the working end of one of the two lines to be joined so that the working end lies over the standing part 2. Pass the working end of the second line on top of the loop formed, then underneath the other standing part. The two working ends should now be parallel to each other. 3. Take the second working end over the first 4. Make the locking tuck by taking the second working end under, then over, then under the left-hand side of the knot. To tighten the knot, pull on the two standing parts, and the flat heraldic outline will then capsize Sheepshank 1. Make three crossing turns, all in the same direction along the line 2. Pull the central crossing turn through the back of the right-hand crossing turn and through the front of the left-hand crossing turn. 3. Pull on the newly formed loops and then on the standing parts Use - designed to shorten a rope without cutting it Timber Hitch 1. Wrap the rope around the support. 2. Pass the working end around the standing part 3. Pull it to the left from below the loop formed 4. Turn it around two more times 5. Pull ends tightly to secure Use -to secure a rope around a post or any cylindrical object. Granny Knot 1. Bring the two ends of a piece of cord together, crossing the left-hand end over the right-hand one. 2. Tie a half-knot by passing the left-hand end under and back up over the right-hand end 3. Bring the ends together again, and now cross the left-hand end over the right-hand end 4. Tie the second half-knot by passing the left-hand end under and back up over the right-hand end 5. Tighten the knot by pulling on both ends Use - a binding knotto secure a rope or line around an object. Surgeons's Knot 1. Take the two ends of a rope and then cross the left end over the right end 2. Tie a half-knot, make an extra tuck, and then bring the ends together 3. Tie a second half-knot, this time right over left 4. Pull on one working end and its adjacent standing part, then pull on the other working end and its adjacent standing part Use -binding knot, also used by surgeons to tie off blood vessels Overhand Knot/Loop 1. Form an overhand loop with the working end 2. Pass the working end through the loop 3. Pull tight Loop 1. Make a bight in one end of the cord 2. Form a loop in the bight 3. Tie and overhand knot, tighten the knot by pulling ono each four parts of the cord in turn Uses -Putting a knot in the end of a rope to keep it from fraying -Making a “stop” to keep your hand from sliding off the end of the rope -Joining two pieces of string or cord that you do not wish to undo later Eight Knot 1. Make a small bight at the end of the line 2. Give the bight a half-twist and turn it into a loop 3. Make a second half-twist, pass the working end through the loop 4. Tighten the knot by pulling on both ends of the line Uses - Preventing end of rope from running out of a retaining device, such as a cleat. -Tied on a bight, creating a loop, to attach ropes to a climber. Pole lashing 1. Arrange the cord in an “s” shape underneath and close to, the end of the objects to be tied together 2. Take one end of the objects and down through the bight that it was directly opposite 3. Bring the other end over the objects and down through the other bight 4. Pull both ends of the cord to draw the cord and object snugly together 5. Cross the two ends over, left end over right end, and pull tight 6. Bring the ends back together and cross them over, right end over left end, to complete the reef knot. Use -to join together poles or spars to enable the construction of objects and structures References: Books and Journals A parato, Brebante, Callo Dajime. (2017) Physical Education and Health Volume II, First Edition The Knot Handbook, Maria Constantino nline Sources O ( Kiesinger,CarolD.andSmith,GeorgeAlan."mountaineering".EncyclopediaBritannica, 4 Dec. 2023,https://www.britannica.com/sports/mountaineering.) ( Suzie Hall, March 12, 2020- Backpacking, FAQ, Thru-Hiking How do I Distribute my Backpack Weight? (trailandsummit.com) (Lasco, Gideon (2018).Staying safe: Hiking security tips for mountaineers www.pinoymountaineer.com/2018/01/staying-safe-hiking-security-tips-for-mountaineers. html) (Ryalls, Alan and Petri, Robert Lee. "camping". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Dec. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/camping. Accessed 19 February 2024.) Camping Knot: 6 Essential Camping knots for Campers, Joey Holmes) https://coolofthewild.com/camping-knots/
