Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Overview

Here's the transcription of the image into a structured markdown format: ### Coronary Artery Disease(CAD) The image illustrates coronary artery disease with its risk factors, types of angina, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis, and treatments. ### Risk Factors: * Age, HTN, genetics, toba...

Here's the transcription of the image into a structured markdown format: ### Coronary Artery Disease(CAD) The image illustrates coronary artery disease with its risk factors, types of angina, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis, and treatments. ### Risk Factors: * Age, HTN, genetics, tobacco use, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle * Hypercholesterolemia, high triglycerides, metabolic syndrome stress illicit drug ### Types of Angina: * **Chronic Stable Angina:** * Myocardial ischemia caused by O2 supply/demand mismatch * Episodic pain provoked by exertion or stress * Occurs intermittently over a long period of time (predictable) * Relieved by rest or NTG * **Prinzmetal/Variant Angina:** * Coronary vasospasm * Occurs primarily at rest * Triggered by smoking & some substances (histamine, epi, cocaine) * **Unstable Angina:** * Rupture of unstable plaque * Need to rule out MI * New onset angina * Chronic stable angina that changes in ### Pathophysiology * Atherosclerotic plaque deposits in the coronary artery decreasing blood. * Endothelial injury → fatty streak → fibrous plaque → complication lesion (MI) ### Complications * Sudden cardiac death * Dysrhythmias * Myocardial infarction * Heart failure ### Diagnostics: * Cardiac angiogram * Total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, triglycerides ### Treatment: * **Nonpharmacologic Treatment:** * Reduction of risk factors (healthy diet, weight control, smoking cessation, etc.) * **Pharmacologic Treatment:** * **Antiplatelet/anticoagulant (aspirin, Plavix, etc.):** * Inhibits or reduces thrombus formation * **Nitrates:** * Vasodilates vessels, decreases preload & afterload * Promotes coronary artery circulation * Can prevent/control vasospasm * **ACE Inhibitors:** * Promote coronary & peripheral vasodilation * Reduces endothelial injury * Reduce BP, HR, & contractility (makes the heart work less) *Note: "No need to study medications for the patho exam, just have it her to get you familiar when you learn it in pharmacology."*