Pharmacology of GIT: Colorectal Carcinoma PDF

PHARMACOLOGY OF GIT Colorectal Carcinoma (CA colon) Assist. Prof. Dr. Kamal Al- Yassiry Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer can be given in different ways include: Systemic chemotherapy. Regional chemotherapy is administered via an artery close to the area affected by cancer. Thi...

PHARMACOLOGY OF GIT Colorectal Carcinoma (CA colon) Assist. Prof. Dr. Kamal Al- Yassiry Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer can be given in different ways include: Systemic chemotherapy. Regional chemotherapy is administered via an artery close to the area affected by cancer. This may lead to fewer side effects and help more specifically target the cancer cells in that designated area. Chemoembolization of the hepatic artery, also called hepatic arterial infusion—or sometimes referred to as a chemotherapy pump—is a treatment for colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver.  The most common drugs used during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, sometimes in combination, include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU): an injectable, sometimes given along with folinic acid, which can make 5-FU more successful. Capecitabine: an oral form of 5-FU. Irinotecan: injectable. Oxaliplatin: injectable  5-Fluorouracil It is inactive in its parent form 5-FU is converted to 5-fluorouridine-5′-triphosphate (FUTP), which is then incorporated into RNA. 5-FU is also converted to 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine- 5′- triphosphate (FdUTP), which can be incorporated into cellular DNA. Side effects: myelo-suppression, mucositis, diarrhea, skin toxicity manifested by the hand-foot syndrome, and neurotoxicity  Camptothecins: Irinotecan Plant alkaloids It inhibit topoisomerase I, which is essential for the replication of DNA in human cells. Side effect: Bone marrow suppression and diarrhea Platinum compounds: Oxaliplatin The mechanism of action is similar to that of the alkylating agents. They must be administered via slow I.V infusion in well hydrated patient (otherwise risk of renal impairment is there). Side effect: Severe nausea and vomiting, dose- related nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, cold- induced peripheral neuropathy and myelo- suppression