Chapter 7 Film and Video PDF

CHAPTER 7 FILM AND VIDEO © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  LEARNING OBJECTIVES (SLIDE 1 OF 3)  Discuss the influence of silent films on film genres,...

CHAPTER 7 FILM AND VIDEO © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  LEARNING OBJECTIVES (SLIDE 1 OF 3)  Discuss the influence of silent films on film genres, production techniques, and narrative formulas.  Weigh at least two advantages with two disadvantages of vertical integration in the 1930s Hollywood studio era film industry.  Give at least two examples of how the film industry responded to new competition from television in the 1950s. © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  LEARNING OBJECTIVES (SLIDE 2 OF 3)  Summarize three strategies that the modern movie industry has employed to remain profitable in the competitive digital market.  Define the following special effects terms: rear projection, front projection, compositing, matte, postproduction, and nonlinear editing. © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART. LEARNING OBJECTIVES (SLIDE 3 OF 3)  Describe the role of each individual involved in the movie-making process, including studio executives, producers, writers, guilds, talent, distributors, and audience members.  Understand the role of indie production versus studio production in today’s film industry. © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  HISTORY: GOLDEN MOMENTS (SLIDE 1 OF 2)  Edison’s camera (1888)  Great Train Robbery (1903)  Industry moved to Hollywood (1915)  Birth of a Nation (1915)  Hollywood star system (1910s, ‘20s)  Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (1922)  The Jazz Singer (1927) © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  HISTORY: GOLDEN MOMENTS (SLIDE 2 OF 2)  Film attendance peaks (’46)  Television, studios divest theaters (1948)  MPAA movie ratings (1968)  Star Wars (1977)  Toy Story (1995)  DVD introduced (1997)  Netflix streams films (2007)  Avatar in 3D (2010) © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  HOW TO USE IMAGES  Silent films: 1903-27  Established today’s genres  Westerns – The Great Train Robbery  War movies – Napoleon  Horror – Dracula  Romance – The Sheik  Comedies – Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton  Dramas – Intolerance  Documentaries – Nanook of the North  Action/adventure – Thief of Bagdad  Action and lavish sets © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  STARS AND STUDIOS  Hollywood film studios’ assembly line- style production  Star system: Valentino, Gish, Pickford, Chaplin  Some films shock audience  The Jazz Age (1929)  Hays Code: self-censorship © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  HOW TO USE SOUND  Warner Brothers: The Jazz Singer  Dialogue; “blackface”  “Talkies” end golden age of silent films  Singin’ in the Rain  Influx of new talent  New genres: zany, screwball comedies; crime; historical epics; mysteries; film noir © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  PEAK OF MOVIE IMPACT?  Movies’ cultural impact on U.S. and world, 1930s & ’40s  Theater could be an all-day affair  Newsreel, serials, double features  70 million tickets a week  Escapism during Depression  Studios form MPEAA; U.S. movies go international © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  SILENT MOVIES? © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  VERTICAL INTEGRATION  Studio system  Five major studios  Owned production and distribution (movie theaters)  Quality films and B movies  Federal regulators worried  Studios had distinctive styles © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  FILM FACES TV, 1948-60 (SLIDE 1 OF 2)  TV hurt box office receipts  Government limits concentration of ownership in film system  Studios sell off theaters  Movies shift to suburbs: drive-ins, shopping centers  Studios produce series, movies for TV © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  FILM FACES TV, 1948-60 (SLIDE 2 OF 2)  Color, wide-screen film  Studios respond with lavish spectacles  Ben Hur (1959)  Added controversial material  Sex, social issues  Art house/campus theaters  1960s: Independent producers gained more of a role © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  STUDIOS IN DECLINE (SLIDE 1 OF 2)  Studios struggled, thrived  Audiences change  Younger, cosmopolitan, wanted sensation/social observation  Independent producers gain power (Coppola, Allen)  Political and topical films  M*A*S*H, Taxi Driver, The Graduate  Pushing censorship limits (Hays Office closed)  MPAA content ratings © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  STUDIOS IN DECLINE (SLIDE 2 OF 2)  Exports boost U.S. profits in 1950s, ‘60s  Return to blockbusters with Jaws in 1975, Star Wars in 1977  Special effects, sound systems  First-run distribution aims at 15- to 24-year-olds  Star system returns  Tom Cruise: $20 million per film © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  HOLLYWOOD MEETS HBO  Cable TV (HBO in 1975)  Video rentals: VCRs, DVDs  Began with independent shops, taken over by chains  Blockbuster phenomenon  Audience segmentation  Movies made for TV (and now for cable)  Movies turned into TV, cable series © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  MOVIES GO DIGITAL (SLIDE 1 OF 2)  Technology, market forces transform movie industry  Home video revenue more than box office  Rentals; DVD/video sales  Revenue dropped with digital distribution  Production costs skyrocket  Revival of independent (indie) films © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  MOVIES GO DIGITAL (SLIDE 2 OF 2)  Competition from video games  Internet downloads/DVD release  Netflix: fewer movies, more original programming  Franchise films: Iron Man, Spider-man  Digital projectors and 3-D © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  MAKING MOVIE MAGIC  Muybridge’s galloping horse  Edison’s kinetograph  Lumière brothers’ projector  20 frames per second (later 30 fps)  From sound synchronization to surround sound  Special effects  Stop-action  Rear-projection  Front projection  Digital: Star Wars, The Matrix, Toy Story © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  MOVIE VIEWING  Digital light processors  Increase in digital screens, 3-D and IMAX theaters  Blu-ray DVDs  BitTorrent: illegal downloads  Netflix, Amazon, iTunes  Video-on-demand © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  THE FILM INDUSTRY (SLIDE 1 OF 2)  Players: Eight major producers, a few conglomerates  Each produces 15–20 movies a year  Average cost: $66 million each  Independent filmmakers  Most films made are independent; very few are ever distributed  The guilds: writers and actors © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  THE FILM INDUSTRY (SLIDE 2 OF 2)  Film finance: Hollywood controls financing  Distribution windows  Thwarting piracy  Growth in movie industry  Theaters  Home video © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  TELLING STORIES: FILM CONTENT  Team effort  Director plays central role  Finding audience segments  Many current film genres = old film genres  More diverse audiences means more diverse content  Social media needed to create buzz © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.  FILM AND YOUR SOCIETY  Violence, sex, and profanity  MPAA’s rating system began in 1968  Industry’s piracy concerns  MPAA opposed VCRs until it realized money could be made  Now, illegal downloading  SOPA defeated in 2011  Crackdown on piracy abroad  Taping first-run movies: flashing dots, night vision goggles, video fingerprinting © 2018 CENGAGE. MAY NOT BE SCANNED, COPIED OR DUPLICATED, OR POSTED TO A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART.