Chinese Civilization PDF

CHINESE CIVILIZATION Cycle 6, Meeting 1  China has a varied terrain ranging from high plateaus in the west to flatlands in the east; mountains take up almost one-third of the land. And that’s what makes China isolated from other civilizations. Rivers in China where the civiliz...

CHINESE CIVILIZATION Cycle 6, Meeting 1  China has a varied terrain ranging from high plateaus in the west to flatlands in the east; mountains take up almost one-third of the land. And that’s what makes China isolated from other civilizations. Rivers in China where the civilization emerged: Yangtze River Huang He (Chiang Jiang) (Yellow River) China’s Climate The northeast experiences hot and dry summers and bitterly cold winters. The north and central region has almost continual rainfall, hot summers and cold winters. The southeast region has substantial rainfall, with semi-tropical summers and cool winters. Central, southern and western China are also susceptible to flooding, and the country is also periodically subject to seismic activity.  China’s Environmental Challenge Huang he’s flooding caused China’s Sorrow China’s borders did not completely protect them from invaders China’s isolation- settlers had to supply their own goods rather than trading with outside people 上 Processing: 1. Describe the ancient Chinese society. 2. What is the structure of the Chinese Family? 下  THE ANCIENT CHINESE FAMILY In old Chinese society, the whole family include three generations: Grandparents, parents and children Central to the Chinese society with the virtue of respect for one’s parents Filial Piety- refers to the duty of the members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family  Ancient Chinese Government: Mandate of Heaven and the Dynastic Cycle  Mandate of 福 Heaven also known as Heaven's Mandate, was the divine source of authority and the right to rule of China's early kings and emperors. An important element of the mandate was that although the ruler had been given great power he also had a 中 moral obligation to use it for the good of his people, if he did not then his state would suffer terrible disasters and he would lose the right to govern.  Cycle each dynasty rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. Factors that caused the Fall of the Dynasties Political Instability Peasant Revolt Noble Revolt Barbarian Invasion MATERIAL LEGACY OF THE CHINESE CIVILIZATION CHINESE CIVILIZATION  TORTOISE SHELLS AND ORACLE BONE WRITING Divinations were an important part of the Shang king’s role as a political and religious leader. Being the spiritual go-between for the royal class, his people, his deceased ancestors, and the gods, the king was responsible for performing rituals to ensure the health and well-being of his family and people. SILK ROAD The Silk Road is neither an actual road nor a single route. The term instead refers to a network of routes used by traders for more than 1,500 years, from when the Han dynasty of China opened trade in 130 B.C.E. Religion and ideas spread along the Silk Road just as fluidly as goods. Towns along the route grew into multicultural cities. The exchange of information gave rise to new technologies and innovations that would change the world. The Great Wall of China Construction begun in the Han continued up to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), when the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure. Chinese leaders instituted wall-building projects to protect the land from northern, nomadic invaders. The Great Wall has long been incorporated into Chinese mythology and national symbolism  THE TERRACOTTA ARMY The terracotta army consists of many life-size mud models of chariots, horses, and fighters which were erected to guard the tomb of the First Emperor  THERE IS A UNIQUE BLEND OF OFFICIALS (TALLER THAN EVERYONE ELSE), MOUNTED FORCE, CROSSBOWMEN, SKIRMISHERS, ARCHERS, CHARIOTEERS, AND GROOMS THAT MAKE UP A COMPLETE ARMY ON THE FRONT LINES, AND THERE ARE 600 PONIES AND AROUND 100 CHARIOTS THAT CARRY OFFICIALS AND RIDERS IN THE MILITARY FORBIDDEN CITY  Major contributions of the Chinese Civilization GUNPOWDER PAPER MAKING AND COMPASS PRINTING Major contributions of the Chinese Civilization DIAMOND SUTRA CIVIL SERVICE EXAM CHINESE SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS Philosophy forms the worldview of people, as it largely determines their behavior and approaches to decision-making in particular problem... Its main function is to form a world view, also have an indirect influence on the development of practical solutions. M.O Webb, A.G. Karabayevab , I.M. Kuntuovab  There will be order in society if people will improve their character and emphasized good manners and proper conduct. 天 1. Confucianism 月 Perfectibility of Man expressed a belief in the fundamental similarity of all persons and in the perfectibility and educability of each individual. The ruler's main function in the Confucian state was to educate and transform the Confucius people. Confucius Golden Rule  Confucianism Merit, Bureaucracy, and Civil Service Filial Piety 5 BASIC RELATIONSHIPS OF CONFUCIANISM  Confucianism This philosophy is patriarchal. It has a low opinion of women. Women were not entitled to education and government office “Laozi cultivated Dao and virtue, his learning was devoted to self-effacement and not having fame. 2. Daoism Founded by Laozi Dao De Jing o“The Book of the Way and its Virtue” A harmonious natural order that arises between humans and the world, and that Taoists should strive to achieve.  Wu Wei means something like “act naturally,” “effortless action,” or “non willful action.” The point is that there is no need for human tampering with the flow of reality. Yin Yang Represents the balance of the opposites in the universe  He believed that human beings were basically selfish, greedy, and corrupt – evil by nature. 3. Legalism Founded by Han Fei Tzu “When the people are weak, the state is strong; hence the state that possesses the Way devotes itself to weakening the people” The government should rely on an extensive bureaucracy 3. Legalism 3. Legalism Emphasized the importance of strengthening the state and widening its power. Punishment and Reward Actions that benefited the people and the state were rewarded. Actions that were harmful to others and the state were punished severely Synthesis: Base on the philosophies discussed, where do women stand in the society? How do these changes challenge the existing traditional view on women? EQ: Do people have the power to challenge belief systems?