C02-SYSTEM UNIT&STORAGE 2.pdf

Chapter Two System Unit Components & Types of Storage Discovering Computers Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World  The System Unit The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer u...

Chapter Two System Unit Components & Types of Storage Discovering Computers Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World  The System Unit The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Page 210 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-1  The System Unit The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes: Loading… Page 211 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-2  Laptop Cant vor The System Unit if broke again The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit – A computer chip contains integrated circuits Page 212 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-3  Processor The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer Proce calculations – Loading… Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) mostruction control o Faster / H Let your computerProcess Faster Page 213 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Processor Page 213 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-4  Processor The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations Page 214 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0  Processor For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle inPat toted tempin S Momomiy understandin Page 215 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-5 Processor Most current personal computers support pipelining – Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction Pages 215 – 216 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-6 Processor visit second sowher you fina alreadydata is Men ↑ Page 216 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Processor The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD Loading… Pages 216 – 217 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-7 Processor A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up Require additional more cooling – Heat sinks – Liquid cooling 19 technology Pages 219 - 220 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figures 4-9 – 4-10  Processor Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task – Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors Page 220 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-11 Data Representation Page 221 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Data Representation A computer circuit represents the Eight bits grouped together as a 0 or the 1 electronically by the unit are called a byte. A byte presence or absence of an represents a single character in electrical charge the computer Page 221 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figures 4-12 – 4-13 Data Representation 16 f ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely used coding scheme to represent data Page 221 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-14 Data Representation Page 222 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-15  Memory Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data Stores three basic categories of items: Page 223 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0  Memory Each location in memory has an address Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB) Page 223 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-17  Memory The system unit contains two types of memory: Pages 223 - 224 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0  Memory Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data Page 227 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-22 Memory Page 228 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0  Memory Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten – CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes little power Pages 228 – 229 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-23  Memory Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory – Measured in nanoseconds Page 229 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figures 4-24 – 4-25  Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them Pages 230 – 231 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-27  Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards Removable flash memory includes: – Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC Cards/ExpressCard modules Page 231 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-28 Ports and Connectors Page 233 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-31  Ports and Connectors A USB port can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector – You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a USB hub Page 234 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figure 4-32 Ports and Connectors A Bluetooth wireless port adapter A smart phone might converts a USB port into a communicate with a notebook Bluetooth port computer using an IrDA port Loading… Page 235 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Figures 4-33 – 4-34 Power Supply Page 239 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Keeping Your Computer or Mobile Device Clean Page 240 Discovering Computers : Chapter 4 0 Storage Pages 352 - 353 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Storage Pages 352 – 353 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-1  Storage Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold Page 354 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-2  Storage A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media Page 354 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0  Hard Disks A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information Page 355 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-5  Hard Disks Hard disks can store data using longitudinal recording or perpendicular recording Page 356 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-6 Hard Disks Page 358 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-9 Hard Disks Pages 360 – 361 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figures 7-14 – 7-15 Flash Memory Storage Pages 364 – 365 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figures 7-18 – 7-19  Flash Memory Storage USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device Page 367 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-21  Cloud Storage Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer users Page 368 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-23 Cloud Storage Page 368 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-24  Cloud Storage Users subscribe to cloud storage for a variety of reasons: Page 369 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0  Optical Discs An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music Read only vs. rewritable Page 370 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-25 Optical Discs Optical discs commonly store items in a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to the edge Track is divided into evenly sized sectors Page 371 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-27  Optical Discs Care of optical discs Page 371 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-28 Optical Discs Pages 372 – 373 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-29 Optical Discs Pages 375 – 376 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-29 Other Types of Storage Page 376 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0  Other Types of Storage Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information A tape drive reads and writes data and information on a tape Page 376 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-35 Other Types of Storage A magnetic stripe card contains a magnetic stripe that stores information A smart card stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card Page 377 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-36  Other Types of Storage Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet film Page 378 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-37 Other Types of Storage Page 378 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-38  Other Types of Storage Enterprise storage stores huge volumes of data and information for large businesses – Uses special hardware for heavy use, maximum availability, and maximum efficiency Page 379 Discovering Computers : Chapter 7 0 Figure 7-39