Dentistry Practical Skills Final Exam PDF

Final Exam: Introduction to Dentistry Practical Skills Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. What is the primary purpose of an odontogram? a) To sterilize instruments b) To record the dental health status of a patient c) To create dental impressions d) To design...

Final Exam: Introduction to Dentistry Practical Skills Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. What is the primary purpose of an odontogram? a) To sterilize instruments b) To record the dental health status of a patient c) To create dental impressions d) To design orthodontic appliances 2. Which dental nomenclature system uses a two-digit code for tooth identification? a) Universal system b) FDI system c) Palmer notation d) Alphabetical system 3. The crown of a tooth is primarily covered by: a) Cementum b) Dentin c) Enamel d) Pulp 4. Which instrument is used to retract soft tissues and reflect light during a dental procedure? a) Explorer b) Mouth mirror c) Cotton pliers d) Periodontal probe 5. Which pliers are specifically designed for bending and shaping orthodontic wires? a) Mershon pliers b) 3-prong pliers c) Tweed pliers d) Cutting pliers 6. What is the purpose of psychomotor training with mirror vision? a) To understand dental anatomy b) To practice hand-eye coordination with indirect vision c) To sterilize instruments effectively d) To prepare dental impressions 7. Instruments like high-speed turbines are primarily used for: a) Removing calculus b) Polishing teeth c) Cutting and shaping hard tissues d) Examining soft tissues 8. Which of the following is NOT a basic ergonomic principle in dentistry? a) Maintaining a neutral spine b) Keeping the patient at eye level with the dentist c) Adjusting the dental chair for access d) Using excessive force for better control 9. The first step in preparing the dental clinic for a patient is: a) Sterilizing the instruments b) Placing the dental chair in a reclined position c) Wearing PPE d) Disinfecting surfaces 10. The function of the periodontal probe is to: a) Remove tartar from teeth b) Measure gum pocket depth c) Cut dental materials d) Retract the tongue 11. Which material is most commonly used for dental instruments due to its durability? a) Plastic b) Stainless steel c) Aluminum d) Ceramic 12. The Universal numbering system assigns the number 1 to which tooth? a) Upper right central incisor b) Upper right third molar c) Lower right third molar d) Upper left third molar 13. Which tool is essential for placing separators in orthodontics? a) Weingart pliers b) Mershon strips adapter c) How pliers d) 3-prong pliers 14. Sterilization is primarily required to: a) Remove plaque from instruments b) Eliminate all microorganisms c) Disinfect surfaces d) Improve instrument sharpness 15. What is the role of a band pusher in orthodontics? a) Cutting wires b) Placing separators c) Seating bands securely d) Holding ligatures Short Answer Questions 1. Explain the differences between the Universal, FDI, and Palmer tooth numbering systems. Universal System: Used mainly in the U.S. Permanent teeth are numbered 1–32, starting from the upper right third molar to the lower right third molar. Primary teeth are labeled A–T in a similar pattern. FDI (ISO) System: Internationally accepted system. Two-digit notation: The first digit represents the quadrant (1–4 for permanent teeth, 5–8 for primary teeth), and the second digit represents the tooth number within the quadrant (1–8 for permanent teeth, 1–5 for primary teeth). Palmer Notation: Used in the U.K. and some other countries. Each quadrant is represented with a bracket (┘ └ ┐ ┌), and teeth are numbered 1–8 from the midline outward for permanent teeth or A–E for primary teeth. 2. Describe the proper ergonomic position for a dentist, assistant, and patient during a procedure. The recommended position is the Human Balanced Operating Position 3. List the steps involved in the sterilization of dental instruments. ➔ Immerse the instruments in detergent-disinfectant solution ➔ Penetrating ultrasonic cleaning ➔ Rinse with water and dry and inspect (review by hand if necessary) ➔ Bagging with color indicators ➔ Autoclave ➔ Storage of sterile instruments (sealed in the container where we proceeded to sterilization) 4. What are the key elements of a clinical examination that should be recorded in the patient’s history? ➔ Extraoral clinical examination 1. Extraoral general inspection ➔ Consists of seeing if the patient’s general physical appearance is normal and trying to classify within biotypes (picnic, athletic, and asthenic) ➔ Height/weight ➔ Extremities 2. Extraoral facial expression ➔ Face symmetry ➔ Patient profile ➔ Analyze smile ➔ scars ➔ Functional exploration ➔ Types of breathing (nasal or oral) ➔ Swallow ➔ Lip filling ➔ Presence of habits ➔ Exploration T.M.J ➔ Degree of mouth opening ➔ Deviations in mandibular opening or closing ➔ Popping or cracking ➔ Discomfort or pain ➔ Intraoral examination ➔ Soft tissue Mucosa and floor of the mouth (look at the consistency, texture, and color) Lips and cheeks, see if they work properly Gingvia: observing texture, color, and whether there is any structural abnormality Tounge: size (macroglossia,microglossia, normal), and structural alterations.Braces: Lip, tongue, and mouth. Observe implementation. Advanced Final Exam: Introduction to Dentistry Practical Skills Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which of the following accurately describes the enamel structure? a) Contains living cells that repair damage b) Composed primarily of hydroxyapatite crystals c) Has a high collagen content for flexibility d) Is the thickest layer of the tooth (dentin is the most thickest tissue) 2. During a dental examination, how can you differentiate between primary and permanent teeth? a) Permanent teeth are always larger and darker. b) Primary teeth lack pulp chambers. c) Primary teeth have fewer roots and a lighter color. d) Permanent teeth have no signs of wear or damage. 3. In an odontogram, a red line over a tooth typically indicates: a) Completed restoration b) Carious lesion c) Planned extraction d) Fracture or incomplete treatment 4. Which of the following is an essential ergonomic adjustment to prevent musculoskeletal strain in dentists? a) Using a static chair without lumbar support b) Adjusting the patient’s head to maintain a neutral wrist angle c) Leaning closer to the patient for visibility d) Standing during all procedures 5. The most effective sterilization method for instruments that cannot withstand high temperatures is: a) Autoclaving b) Chemical sterilization c) Dry heat sterilization d) Ultrasonic cleaning 6. In cavity preparation, which bur is most suitable for removing enamel? a) Round bur b) Fissure bur c) Inverted cone bur d) Tapered diamond bur 7. Which of the following best describes the "neutral zone" in dentistry? a) The optimal space between the dentist and the assistant b) The region where the dentist’s instruments are kept during a procedure c) The area in the oral cavity where soft tissues balance muscle forces d) The position of the patient during routine examinations 8. Which characteristic is exclusive to a high-speed handpiece? a) Torque for slow, controlled cutting b) Generates less heat due to lower speeds c) Operates using an air turbine system d) Designed for scaling and polishing 9. A patient presents with deep periodontal pockets. Which instrument is used to measure pocket depths? a) Dental explorer b) Periodontal probe c) Scaler d) Excavator 10. What is the primary function of the 3-prong pliers in orthodontics? a) Cutting wires b) Seating bands c) Bending or adjusting clasps and wires d) Holding orthodontic brackets during bonding 11. What is the correct position for the dentist’s feet when seated during a procedure? a) Flat on the ground with knees bent at a 45-degree angle b) Flat on the ground with knees at a 90-degree angle c) Elevated on the dental stool for better control d) Resting on the foot pedal throughout the procedure 12. Why is mirror vision training essential in dental practice? a) Enhances tactile sensitivity in direct vision tasks b) Improves the ability to visualize and operate in indirect fields c) Helps maintain a sterile operating environment d) Reduces the risk of contamination during procedures 13. Which of the following instruments is most suitable for shaping and contouring orthodontic wires? a) How pliers b) Weingart pliers c) Tweed pliers d) Mershon band pusher 14. The ergonomic zone for dental instrument transfer is located: a) Over the patient’s chest b) Behind the dentist’s back c) Within the assistant’s dominant hand d) Near the patient's chin within easy reach 15. What is the purpose of the water coolant system in a high-speed turbine? a) To remove debris from the oral cavity b) To sterilize the handpiece during use c) To reduce heat generated during cutting d) To provide lubrication to the turbine blades Short Answer Questions List the main differences between direct and indirect vision in dental practice. Include examples of tasks where each is used. ➔ Direct Vision: ◆ The operator looks directly at the area being treated. ◆ Commonly used for anterior teeth and easily visible surfaces. ◆ Example: Examining the labial surfaces of the incisors or placing anterior restorations. ➔ Indirect Vision: ◆ The operator uses a dental mirror to view areas that are not directly visible. ◆ Commonly used for posterior teeth, lingual surfaces, and during procedures in the maxillary arch. ◆ Example: Inspecting and working on the lingual surfaces of mandibular molars or performing scaling in posterior regions. Explain the steps involved in assessing periodontal health during a clinical examination. ➔ Visual Inspection: ◆ Check for signs of gingival inflammation (redness, swelling, or bleeding). ◆ Observe the contour and texture of the gingiva. ➔ Probing: ◆ Use a periodontal probe to measure pocket depths around each tooth. ◆ Record measurements in millimeters for diagnostic purposes. ➔ Bleeding on Probing (BOP): ◆ Check for bleeding as an indicator of active inflammation. ➔ Mobility Test: ◆ Assess tooth mobility by applying gentle pressure with fingers or instruments. ➔ Furcation Involvement: ◆ Use a furcation probe to evaluate bone loss between roots in multi-rooted teeth. ➔ Radiographic Assessment: ◆ Examine X-rays for bone loss or other periodontal issues. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using rotary instruments in restorative dentistry. ➔ Advantages: ◆ High-speed handpieces allow efficient cutting of enamel and dentin. ◆ Smooth preparation edges for restorations. ◆ Reduced chair time for the patient. ◆ Versatility with various bur shapes and sizes for different tasks. ➔ Disadvantages: ◆ Generates heat, which requires a water coolant to prevent damage to pulp tissues. ◆ Risk of accidental soft tissue damage if improperly used. ◆ Can cause discomfort or anxiety in noise-sensitive patients. Provide an overview of infection control protocols, emphasizing the role of disinfection, sterilization, and PPE in the dental clinic. Disinfection: Clean and disinfect all surfaces between patients using appropriate disinfectants (e.g., alcohol-based or chlorine-based solutions). Ensure suction tubes and dental unit waterlines are flushed regularly. Sterilization: Sterilize instruments using methods like autoclaving (steam under pressure) or dry heat. Use chemical sterilization for heat-sensitive tools. Verify sterilization processes with biological indicators. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Dentists and assistants must wear gloves, masks, protective eyewear, and gowns. Change gloves and masks between patients. Patients may wear protective eyewear during procedures to minimize exposure. Hygiene Practices: Perform hand hygiene before and after contact with patients. Avoid cross-contamination by using barriers on equipment. Waste Management: Dispose of sharps in puncture-proof containers. Segregate medical waste (e.g., gauze with blood) for proper disposal.