Building Materials, Fasteners, and Adhesives Combined PDF

# Plans: Upgrade PowerPoints with Important Information from Vogt Carpentry and Glencoe Texts **Key** - **Yellow:** Self Guided Learning - **Orange or Red:** General Carpentry Section Reviews - **Purple or Magenta:** Chapter Review - **Green:** Concept Checks - **Blue:** Practice Quiz - **Underlin...

# Plans: Upgrade PowerPoints with Important Information from Vogt Carpentry and Glencoe Texts **Key** - **Yellow:** Self Guided Learning - **Orange or Red:** General Carpentry Section Reviews - **Purple or Magenta:** Chapter Review - **Green:** Concept Checks - **Blue:** Practice Quiz - **Underline:** Power Point Questions - **Grey:** Self the Dynamic Presentation Questions - **Bold:** Carpentry Level 1 Questions ## Overall: Are the safety hazards and precautions associated overall with construction? Wood? Concrete? Steel? Composite building materials? List corresponding section questions to answer: ### 1.0.0 Dynamic Presentation **Who is responsible for safety on the jobsite?** - Foreman - General contractor - Carpenters - Everyone - **a. What are the focus four?** _"Also known as the fatal four, are responsible for almost 60% of construction fatalities. The focus four includes falls, struck-by hazards, caught-in or caught-between hazards and electrical hazards."_ - **i) Most common: Falls:** _“………the number of deaths from falling exceed the number caused by the other three hazards."_ ### 1.1.0 Section Review **What is the deadliest construction job hazard?** - Falling - Getting caught between objects - Electrocution - Getting struck by objects - **ii) Least common: Caught-in/Caught between** - **iii) Second most common: Struck-by** - **iv) Second least common: Electrical** - **v) List an example of how to reduce each:** **I. For falls, provide or use appropriate fall protection** ### 1.1.2 Self-Guided Learning You just arrived at the construction site. Your foreman asks you to complete the third level of a scaffold. The temperature is below 30 degrees F and the scaffold does not have a guarding system in place. What kind of hazard exists? - Falling - Struck-by - Caught-in or Caught-between - Electrical Shock **II. For struck-by, perform safe operation of equipment, machinery, and vehicles. Properly handle materials and do crane and material rigging correctly** ### 1.1.2 Self-Guided Learning Your coworker is using a lift to move a bucket of bricks from ground level to the third level of a construction site. The bucket is full and tilting as it is lifted, and three bricks fall. What kind of hazard exists? - Falling - Struck-by - Caught-in or Caught-between - Electrical Shock ### 1.1.0 Self-Guided Learning Where is a likely location for a caught-in accident? - Road - Electrical Box - Trench - Roof ### Practice Quiz 1.1.2 Which of the focus four might involve accidents caused by improper safety procedures at a trench site? - Falls - Electrical hazards - Caught-in or caught between - Struck-by ### 1.1.2 Self-Guided Learning You are completing an excavation at a job site that is approximately 10 feet deep without sloping, shoring, or a trench box. What kind of hazard exists? - Falling - Struck-by - Caught-in or Caught-between - Electrical Shock ### 1.1.2 Self-Guided Learning & Dynamic Presentation You are using a concrete saw at the job site and did not review the cable voltage records for the job location. What kind of hazard exists? - Falling - Struck-by - Caught-in or Caught-between - Electrical Shock ### 1.1.2 Practice Quiz Which of the following is NOT one of the focus four? - Electrical hazards - Drowning - Struck-by hazards - Falls - **b. How can you reduce hazards associated with handling carpentry materials (wood, concrete, steel, and composites)?** ## Overall, what are the different types of building materials? How do you calculate the quantities for each (wood, concrete, lumber, and panels)? List paragraph section headings to answer: - **a. What are the types of lumber? (List)** Types: - **i) What are their general characteristics?** - **ii) Specifically, how is lumber graded?** - **b. What are the types of treated lumber?** - **c. What are engineered wood products?** Types: - **i) How, where, &/or when do you utilize each? (List)** - **d. What are the similarity and differences among the different concrete construction materials?** Compare and Contrast: - **e. What are the types of Steel framing members?** - **i) How, where, &/or when can they be used? (List)** Applications: - **f. How do you calculate the quantities for each (Lumber, concrete, and panels)?** Formulas for lumber: Formulas for concrete: Formulas for panels: ## Overall, how do you properly handle building materials (wood, concrete, and steel)? How do you properly store building materials (wood, concrete, and steel)? List paragraph section headings to answer: - **g. How do you safely handle...** - **i) Wood?** - **ii) Concrete?** - **iii) Steel?** - **h. How do you safely store...** - **i) Wood?** - **ii) Concrete?** - **iii) Steel?** ## Overall, what are the fasteners used in construction? What are the anchors used in construction? What are the adhesives used in construction? List paragraph section headings to answer: - **a. What are the different types of...** - **i) Nails?** - **ii) Screws?** - **iii) Bolts?** - **iv) Staples?** - **b. What are the categories of mechanical anchors?** List: - **c. What are the adhesives used in construction made of?** List: ...and How do you apply each adhesive? List: ### Practice Quiz & Self Guided Learning 1.1.2 **What is the flash point of combustible material?** - 100° F or above - 150° F or above - 200° F or above - 220° F or above ### Concept Check 1.1.2 **Which of the following is considered good jobsite housekeeping?** - Clean up all spills at the end of the day. - Remove all combustible scrap materials regularly. - Store scrap material. - Be sure all tools and equipment are out and available for the next day of work. ### Concept Check 1.1.3 **Lumber that is handled manually should NOT be stacked more than** - 6' high - 5' high - 4' high - 8' high ### 1.1.3 Chapter Review **One of the most common injuries associated with wood products is...** - splinters - pinched nerves - carpal tunnel - pinching ### 1.1.3 Level 1 **Which of the following statements about pressure treated lumber is NOT true.** - It is often used to make landscape timbers - Scrap material should be burned Eye protection and a dust mask must be worn when cutting it It is less expensive than redwood ### Concept Check 1.1.4 **Prolonged exposure to silica dust in cement can cause:** - abrasions - allergies - silicosis - zinc chills ### 1.1.4 Dynamic Presentation **What disease caused by breathing silica dust is considered COPD?** - Lung cancer - Silicosis - Tuberculosis - Chronic bronchitis ### Practice Quiz & Section Review 1.1.4 **When used with a concrete saw, what can reduce the amount of airborne silica dust?** - Carbon black - Negatively charged blades - Water - Blowers ### 1.1.4 **What is the primary means of managing silica exposure on a jobsite?** - Use saws equipped with a built-in water-delivery system. - Do not pour concrete on a windy day. - Provide gloves for all employees. - Do not allow open fires on the jobsite. ### Chapter Review 1.1.4 **Silica is a mineral found in:** - concrete - pressure-treated wood - slag - steel ### Concept Check 1.1.5 **Why might steel framing members become slippery when wet?** - They are heavier than wood. - They do not absorb moisture. - They have sharp edges. - They are galvanized. ### 1.2.1 Dynamic Presentation **When should you perform a job hazard analysis?** - At the end of every workday - At the start of every workday - Monday morning - After an accident ### Practice Quiz 1.2.1 **Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a job hazard analysis?** - Greater protection from potential legal and financial penalties - Higher wages - Consistent application of routines on the jobsite - Reduced number of workplace hazards ### Chapter Review 1.2.1 **When performing a job hazard analysis, tasks are broken down into:** - chapters - steps - codes - phases ### 1.2.1 Section Review & Level 1 **Something on the jobsite that may result in an injury or illness is referred to as a(n):** - experience modification rate - hazard - accident - job hazard analysis ### Concept Check 2.1.0 **The boards, timbers, and other products produced from sawmills refers to:** - wood - hardwood - material - lumber ### 2.1.1 Level 1 **The lumber that comes from the sawmill prior to any dressing or planing is called:** - dimension lumber - matched - rough - stressed ### 2.2.0 Level 1 **Preservative-treated lumber is commonly used to build:** - sill plates - roof joists - floor trusses - cabinets ### Chapter Review & Dynamic Presentation 2.1.1 **What is a true statement about heartwood?** - It's usually lighter in color than sapwood. - It's more durable than sapwood. (and usually darker) - It's usually wetter than sapwood. - It's usually softer than sapwood. ### Practice Quiz 2.1.1 **Which of the following is a benefit of sapwood over heartwood?** - It takes preservative treatment more readily. - It is harder. - It is more widely available. - It is naturally more durable ### 2.1.1 Dynamic Presentation **Which of the following is NOT a major category of softwood lumber?** - Sapwood - Boards - Dimension lumber - Timbers ### 2.1.1 Level 1 **In the cross section of a tree, one year of tree growth is represented by one:** - cambium layer - medullary ray - annular ring - lignin ### 2.1.4 Section Review & Level 1 **Which of the following defects do not occur naturally in wood?** - Shakes - Torn grain - Cups - Splits ### Chapter Review 2.1.5 **In the grading stamp shown below, the term “S-DRY” means that the lumber...** _12 STAND_ _S-DRY_ _ABC_ _D_ _FIR_ - has a maximum 15 percent moisture content - has a maximum 19 percent moisture content - has a moisture content over 19 percent - is made from standard dry wood ### 2.1.5 Level 1 **In term "S-GRN” means that the lumber...** - is made from short-grain wood - contains MORE than 19 percent moisture - should be painted with green primer - is southern grown ### Concept Check 2.1.5 **Lumber is generally graded based on:** - strength, stiffness, and appearance - where it is harvested - moisture content and dimension - what it will be used for ### Concept Check 2.1.6 **Tongue-and-groove joints are present in...** - plain sawed lumber - framing lumber - matched lumber - quarter sawn lumber ### 2.2.1 Self-Guided Learning **Which of the following types of treated wood has a green appearance, stays wet after treatment, and should only be used in on-ground and below-ground applications?** - Kiln-dried lumber - Decay-protected lumber - Fire-retardant lumber ### Practice Quiz 2.2.1 **Preservative-treated lumber is hardwood lumber protected by chemical preservatives.** - True - False ### Practice Quiz 2.2.2 **Air-dried lumber is likely to have a higher moisture content than kiln-dried lumber.** - True - False ### 2.3.1 Dynamic Presentation **What is the center layer of plywood called?** - Middle - Heart - Veneer - Core ### Chapter Review 2.3.1 **Plywood that is typically used to manufacture doors, furniture, and cabinets is known as...** - finished plywood - premium plywood - hardwood plywood - softwood plywood ### Chapter Review 2.3.1 **The panel product that will not support combustion and will not burn is...** - plywood - OSB - particleboard - mineral fiberboard ### Concept Check 2.3.1 **OSB stands for....** - oriented sheathing board - ordinary sheathing board - oriented stable board - oriented strand board ### Practice Quiz 2.3.1 **Plywood, hardboard, particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), and fiberboard are examples of...** - wood structural panel products - parallel strand lumber - wood structural non-panel products - cross-laminated timber ### 2.3.1 Level 1 **The type of plywood with a hard, resin-impregnated fiber overlay heat-bonded to both surfaces is** - hardwood plywood - medium-density overlay plywood - high-density overlay plywood - hardboard ### Chapter Review 2.3.2 **An engineered wood product commonly used to make doors and other millwork is...** - glulam - LVL - LSL - PSL ### 2.3.2 Section Review **Engineered wood products are as strong and dimensionally stable as similar solid wood products.** - True - False ### 2.3.2 Level 1 **A glulam beam consists of...** - Laminated veneers bonded together under pressure - Solid, kiln-dried lumber glued together - Veneers bonded to a core with glue - Long strands of veneer bonded together with adhesive ### 2.4.0 Concept Check **Concrete is a mixture of which three basic ingredients?** - Portland cement, aggregates, and water - Portland cement, slag, and water - Lime, sand, and water - Sand, slag, and water ### 2.4.0 Section Review **The basic materials used to make concrete are:** - portland cement, rocks, admixture - portland cement, aggregates, water - portland cement, water, grout - portland cement, mortar, water ### 2.4.0 Dynamic Presentation **What is NOT a component of concrete?** - Portland cement - Water - Sawdust - Aggregates ### Concept Check 2.4.1 & Level 1 **The process through which concrete hardens by the reaction between water and cement is known as:** - hydration - calculation - regeneration - formation ### Chapter Review 2.4.2 **The typical aggregate content of concrete is approximately:** - 60-80% - 70-85% - 80-90% - 50-70% ### Practice Quiz 2.4.2 **A material composed of concrete that uses an aggregate of fine sand is called...** - cement - mortar - slag - grout ### 2.4.2 Self Created **This uses more water than mortar.** - cement - mortar - slag - grout ### Chapter Review 2.4.5 **The nominal dimensions of a typical concrete masonry unit are:** - 3 x 12 x 8 inches - 2 x 4 x 12 inches - 8 × 8 × 16 inches - 8 × 10 × 16 inches ### 2.5.2 Section Review **An example of light-gauge steel framing is:** - 10-gauge sheet steel - 15-gauge sheet steel - 20-gauge sheet steel - 25-gauge sheet steel ### Practice Quiz 2.6.1 **What is the first step you should do when calculating studs?** - Determine the total wall length in feet. - Multiply the total wall length by 0.75 (for 16-inch on center studs). - Determine the total wall length in inches. - Multiply the total wall length by 3. ### Practice Quiz 2.6.1 **When calculating the number of studs required for framing, how much do you add for waste?** - 2% - 5% - 10% - 25% ### 2.6.1 Dynamic Presentation **Frames for load-bearing walls typically have a single bottom plate and how many top plates?** - 1 - 2 - 4 - 6 ### 2.6.1 Dynamic Presentation **Multiply the length by the width to determine the:** - area - volume - diameter - total board feet ### Chapter Review 2.6.1 Wood Structural Panel Calculations **How many 4' × 8' sheets of plywood would be needed to provide subfloor for a 20' by 25' room?** - 16 - 5 - 10 - 12 ### Practice Quiz 2.6.1 Wood Structural Panel Calculations **How many 4' x 8' OSB panels do you need for a roof that is 32.5' by 25'?** - 24 - 20 - 22 - 26 ### Concept Check 2.6.2 **Concrete quantities are measured by:** - area - board foot - volume - linear foot ### Chapter Review 2.6.3 **When calculating the amount of concrete needed, the unit of measure is...** - short tons - foot-pounds - cubic meters - cubic yards ### 2.6.3 Level 1 **Multiply the thickness, width, and length to determine the:** - area - volume - diameter - circumference ### Concept Check & Dynamic Presentation 3.1.1 **What is part of pre-task planning?** - Bending your knees - Un-banding materials - Reading warning labels - Placing a waterproof covering over cement ### 3.1.1 Concept Check **To reduce the risk of injury when manually handling material you should...** - plan your task - store materials off-site - order small quantities - work by yourself ### Practice Quiz 3.1.1& 3.1.3 **What should you do if you believe a load of building materials is too heavy for you to move?** - Slide it instead of lifting. - Ask a coworker for help. - Give it a try. - Leave it for someone else to move. ### Chapter Review 3.1.1 **Material-handling accidents are most likely to happen when...** - the weather is bad - the job is behind schedule - workers are new or inexperienced at a job - equipment is defective ### 3.1.2 Dynamic Presentation **Which of the following is a safety guideline you should follow when dressing for work?** - Wear loose clothing. - Never wear gloves while working. - Only wear small items of jewelry. - Be sure to button shirt sleeves. ### Concept Check 3.1.3 **Which of the following is NOT considered a safe lifting practice?** - Twist when you lift. - Plan your lift. - Ask for help. - Know your limits. ### Chapter Review 3.1.3 **When lifting an object, it is best to...** - bend over at the waist - lift with your legs - use only your back muscles - raise the load as quickly as possible ### 3.1.3 Section Review & Level 1 **When loading and unloading materials, to assist in your task use your** - upper back muscles - arm muscles - leg muscles - lower back muscles ### 3.1.3 Dynamic Presentation **What is NOT part of proper lifting technique?** - Bend your knees. - Avoid twisting. - Keep the load close to your body. - Remove your gloves. ### Concept Check 3.1.3 **Which of the following is NOT considered appropriate when performing materials-handling operations?** - Buttoning shirt sleeves and tucking in shirt tails - Wearing rings and jewelry - Securing long hair underneath a hard hat - Removing gloves when working with rotating machinery ### 3.1.4 Dynamic Presentation **Where should you stack wood materials on the jobsite?** - Under a tree - On level ground - Abutting the foundation - Under scrap lumber ### Practice Quiz 3.1.7 **In dry conditions, how long can you store portland cement?** - 5 years - 1 year - 6 months - Indefinitely ### 3.1.7 Dynamic Presentation **What of the following is a proper practice for storing Portland cement?** - Store bags off the ground. - Stack bags far apart. - Store bags in a damp location. - Separate bags by size. ### Concept Check 3.1.7 **Portland cement should be stored off the ground because it is...** - very heavy - packed in plastic bags - moisture-sensitive - expensive ### Practice Quiz 3.1.8 **A galvanized coating can protect light-gauge steel framing members from corrosion.** - True - False ### Section Review 3.1.8 **To prevent corrosion, light-gauge steel framing members are typically** - painted - galvanized - lacquered - recycled ### Chapter Review 4.1.1 **In construction, the most common fasteners used for attaching two pieces of lumber are..** - wood screws - rivets - lag bolts - nails ### Practice Quiz 4.1.1 **Nails longer then 16d are commonly referred to as...** - tacks - spikes - pennies - bolts ### 4.1.1 Dynamic Presentation **What is the most frequently used of all nails?** - Common nails - Finish nails - Drywall nails - Roofing nails ### Concept Check 4.1.1 **The most frequently used type of nail in construction is the...** - duplex nail - common nail - cut nail - casing nail ### Practice Quiz 4.1.1 **What type of nail is usually used for installing millwork and trim?** - T-nails - Box nails - Finish nails - Cut nails ### 4.1.1 Level 1 **A small barrel-shaped head with a slight indentation in the top to receive a nail set is known as a** - common nail - box nail - finish nail - roofing nail ### Concept Check 4.1.1 **Nails used for temporary work or concrete forms are called...** - duplex nails - casing nails - cut nails - box nails ### 4.1.1 Section Review **A carpenter who wants to attach a steel stud to a concrete floor typically uses a** - concrete-coated nail - powder-actuated fastener - masonry nail - roofing nail ### 4.1.2 Level 1 **When fastening light-gauge steel framing members to one another and when fastening other building materials to the framing members use** - wood screws - lag bolts - sheet-metal screws - machine screws ### 4.1.2 Dynamic Presentation **What type of screws are used to fasten butt hinges to metal jambs?** - Wood screws - Sheet-metal screws - Machine screws - Lag screws ### Practice Quiz 4.1.2 **What type of screw is used to install a lock set?** - Masonry screw - Lag screw - Wood screw - Machine screw ### 4.1.2 Section Review **In soft or weak masonry, maximum holding strength is achieved by using a lag shield that is** - extra thick - long - narrow - short ### 4.1.2 Dynamic Presentation **What makes a bolt different from a screw?** - Type of head - Type of point - Length - Requires a nut ### 4.1.2 Level 1 **The type of bolt with a square shank, which allows the nut to be tightened without the bolt turning, is a** - stove bolt - machine bolt - lag bolt - carriage bolt ### Concept Check 4.1.3 **Which of the following factors should be considered when selecting staples?** - The width - The type of point - The manufacturer - The crown length ### Practice Quiz 2.4.4 **Which type of staple is good for general tacking and nailing purposes?** - Chisel - Outside chisel - Crosscut chisel - Spear ### 4.1.3 Section Review **To penetrate dense materials, use staples with** - spear points - outside chisel points - divergent points - inside chisel points ### Chapter Review 4.2.1 **The type of bolt used to attach the sill plate to a foundation is the...** - anchor bolt - machine bolt - carriage bolt - stove bolt ### Concept Check 4.2.1 **In frame construction, what type of anchor is commonly used to attach the sill plate to a concrete foundation?** - Stud bolt anchor - Screw anchor - Anchor bolt - Wedge anchor ### Chapter Review 4.2.7 **The two types of hammer-set anchors are...** - sleeve and wedge - expansion and post - bolt and toggle - screw and nail ### Chapter Review 4.2.8 **Self-drilling anchors are used in...** - steel and concrete - concrete and masonry - plywood and lumber - gypsum board ### 4.2.9 Section Review **When installing screw anchors, the minimum depth of the drilled hole is** - twice the anchor length - three times the width of the anchor - equal to the anchor length - no deeper than 1 inch ### 4.2.10 Dynamic Presentation **What is a type of hollow-wall anchor?** - Wedge anchor - Sleeve anchor - Toggle bolt - Expansion anchor ### Chapter Review 4.3.0 **3. When obtaining safety information about an adhesive, the best source of reliable information is** - a coworker - a building supply dealer - your supervisor - the applicable SDS ### 4.3.1 Dynamic Presentation **What type of glue can only be used in temperatures above 35°F?** - Plastic resin glue - Casein glue - Epoxy - Resorcinol resin ### Chapter Review 4.3.2 **Which of the following is applied with a caulking gun and used to adhere gypsum board to framing members?** - Construction adhesive - Resorcinol glue - Contact cement - Polyvinyl glue ### Practice Quiz 4.4.2 **What type of adhesive is made by mixing a catalyst and a hardening agent at the time of use?** - Plastic resin glue - Epoxy - Neoprene adhesive - Casein glue ### Chapter Review 4.3.2 **An adhesive that requires two components to be mixed together at the time of use is....** - contact cement - mastic - epoxy - polyvinyl glue ### 4.3.2 Section Review **An epoxy anchoring system consists of two parts: a catalyst and a(n)** - resin - adhesive - hardener - filler ### Self-Guided Learning Sections 4.1.0-4.3.3 **Match items to determine if they are a fastener, anchor, or adhesive.** - Crosscut chisel: Fastener - Plastic Resin: Adhesive - One-step wedge: Anchor ### Powerpoint Presentation Matching: **Identify the pictured anchors.** - 1. Sleeve - 2. Nail hammer-set - 3. Wedge - 4. Standard drop-in - 5. Stud bolt - 6. Double expansion - **1. A** - **2. C** - **3. F** - **4. B** - **5. D** - **6. E** ## # of Questions: 121 ### Fill in the blank with the correct term learned from your study of this module. 1. The main ingredient in plaster and gypsum board is **(1) Gypsum** 2. After installing finishing nails, use a(n) **(2) Nail set** to recess the nails and then fill the holes with putty. 3. Crown molding is a type of **(3) Millwork** 4. The **(4) Safety data sheet (SDS)** describes safe handling methods for a particular substance. 5. The roof sheathing is attached to the **(5) Joists** 6. Use **(6) Galvanized** nails to prevent rusting. 7. A floor is supported by equally spaced **(7) Joists** 8. When two square-cut pieces of material are placed end-to-end, it is called a(n) **(8) Butt joint** ### Fill in the blank with the correct term learned from your study of this module. 1. A(n) **(1) Cantilever** floor is built out to extend beyond the last point of support. 2. A(n) **(2) Vaulted ceiling** is a popular homebuilding option because the higher ceiling makes the room feel more spacious. 3. **(3) Admixtures** are materials added to a concrete mix to alter certain properties. 4. **(4) Cured concrete** has hardened and gained its structural strength. 5. The amount of space occupied by a two-dimensional object is referred to as the **(5) Area** 6. When referring to nail length, the letter d is an abbreviation for **(6) Penny** 7. When mixing epoxy, the **(7) Catalyst** is the substance that causes the reaction in the hardener. 8. **(8) Slag** is the ash produced during the reduction of iron ore to iron in a blast furnace. ### Fill in the blank with the correct term learned from your study of this module. 1. To determine the **(1) Volume** multiply the length, width, and height together. 2. **(2) Resins** are protective natural or synthetic coatings. 3. Concrete that is in a semiliquid and moldable state is referred to as **(3) Plastic concrete** 4. When applying finish roofing or siding material to a structure, fasten it to the **(4) Sheathing** 5. The horizontal members that support the framework of a building at the bottom of a wall are the **(5) Sills** 6. The chemicals in portland cement react with water through a process known as **(6) Hydration** 7. A(n) **(7) Combustible** material is capable of easily igniting and rapidly burning. 8. **(8) Cured concrete** is concrete that is hardened but has not achieved its structural strength. ### Fill in the blank with the correct term learned from your study of this module. 1. The **(1) Experience modification rate (EMR)** is used to calculate the workers' compensation premium based on the company's previous accident experience. 2. In **(2) Shiplap** siding, each board is tapered and grooved so the upper piece fits tightly over the lower piece. 3. Some carpenters use fasteners to attach one board to another; other carpenters use **(3) Adhesives** 4. Along with cement, **(4) Aggregate** is the other primary component of concrete. 5. Breathing silica dust generated by drilling or cutting concrete increases the risk of developing cancer and **(5) Silicosis** 6. As soon as water is added to a concrete mixture, the **(6) Curing** process begins. 7. Prolonged exposure to silica dust can cause a lung disease called **(7) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)**, which is sometimes fatal. 8. A(n) **(8) Trench** is a narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide. ### Fill in the blank with the correct term learned from your study of this module. 1. A(n) **(1) Ground fault** is an unintentional, electrically conducting connection between an ungrounded conductor of an electrical circuit and the normally noncurrent-carrying conductors, metal objects, or the earth. 2. The white, powdery substance on the surface of cured concrete is a symptom of **(2) Efflorescence** 3. Construction's four most dangerous hazards are often referred to as the **(3) Focus four** 4. Before purchasing framing materials for the job, the carpenter reviews the drawings to create a **(4) Framing takeoff** 5. One way to avoid injury on the jobsite is to identify each potential **(5) Hazard** prior to starting the job. 6. **(6) Hydraulic** concrete continues to cure even though it was completely submerged under water. 7. A(n) **(7) Job hazard analysis (JHA)** focuses on identifying dangers or risks associated with a job before they can cause harm. 8. **(8) Kiln Dried After Treatment (KDAT) Veneer** lumber typically warps less than regular pressure-treated lumber. 9. Wood structural products such as plywood are manufactured with **(9) Resins** along with adhesives, resins, pressure, and heat. 10. A(n) **(10) Confined space** is large enough to work in but has limited means of entry or exit.