Architectural Theories of Design Lecture Notes PDF

Architectural Theories of Design LECTURER: CARIZA A. FLORES  Learning Guide Questions 01. What are the needs and activities of man? How are these influenced architecture? 03. What is invisible and...

Architectural Theories of Design LECTURER: CARIZA A. FLORES  Learning Guide Questions 01. What are the needs and activities of man? How are these influenced architecture? 03. What is invisible and visible structure? 02. Explain clearly how nature affects architecture. 04. Enumerate the components of visible structure. 1. GENERAL INFLUENCE  NEEDS OF MAN a. Self-preservation - Food, shelter, clothing- the basic needs; other basic needs: power, water, transportation, ecological balance, education, sports, medical, livelihood b. Reproduction-for the population to increase and continue in existence.  NEEDS OF MAN SHELTER is something that covers, protects, or defends as a roof that shields one from the elements and changes. The modern man's shelter shall have: 1. Necessities 2. Conveniences 3. Comforts  NEEDS OF MAN The emotional reactions of man have to do with the instincts stirred by the forces of religion and art and with the desire to indulge in recreation. Art in its broadest interpretation, assumes the various familiar forms such as painting, sculpture, music, literature.  NEEDS OF MAN Education, science and government, demand a proper architectural setting. Intellect or reason alone may erect a utilitarian building; emotion will endow it with beauty and interest. ACTIVITIES OF MAN Desire for Desire for Desire for Preservation Recognition Response Desire for Social Economic Self- conditions conditions Expression ACTIVITIES OF MAN Desire for Preservation -in obtaining food, shelter, clothing and security, civilized man must have commerce, government and religion. These activities call for their accompanying structures, or architecture. Desire for Recognition -this is a desire for prestige, pride and ambition, social status, physical supremacy, intellectual attainment, personal or civic, result in the-struggle for position. As a result, man build palaces, skyscrapers, or communities may erect cathedrals or public buildings and monuments. Desire for Response - This arises from the gregarious nature of man, from his wish for love, friendship, and sociability. In seeking the companionship of his fellow creatures, man congregates. His semi -public buildings must contain banquet halls and ball rooms; his home must have a living room to make human association possible. Desire for Self-Expression-This is the urge of man to assert himself as an individual. To do things in his own particular way. This is responsible for aesthetic expression; for architecture in its highest form, which find result in building of theatres, museums, etc. Social conditions. Architecture, because it is the most permanent and cumulative-reflects the social structure of the period in which it is developed. The interests of the people dictate the type and appearance of its buildings. Stable government and improved social condition eliminate the necessity of many protective features such as high fences, shutters, wrought iron or steel railings for doors and windows, broken glass and barbed wire on top of fences. Comfort and convenience now control architecture. Economic conditions. The social life of a nation and the resulting architecture are linked closely with the economic conditions under which people live. The nature of trade, commerce, industry and agriculture determines to a large extent the occupations and standards of living within a particular country. These factors influence the types of buildings erected and the materials used. 2. INFLUENCES OF NATURE  INFLUENCES OF NATURE 3. 2. MATERIALS 1. TOPOGRAPHY CLIMATE 3. INFLUENCES OF MAN  INFLUENCES OF MAN SOCIAL CONDITIONS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS a. Periods – the different characters in the the social life of a nation and the different period s of architecture is shown resulting architecture are linked closely in the interests of man at the time as with the economic conditions under shown in the buildings. which people live. The nature of trade, b. Man’s Personality – by his appearance, commerce, industry and agriculture something is known of his interests from determines to a large extent the the type of house in which he lives. occupations and standards of living c. Man’s Interests – it has been pointed within a particular country. These out that the activities and interests of factors influence the types of building man are directly responsible for the type erected and the materials used. of architecture which he develops (house, factory, church)  “This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.” —Someone Famous PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN ESSENTIAL OF THE STRUCTURE 1. INVISIBLE STRUCTURE "We should proceed from within to without" from a satisfactory arrangement of the plan units to the enclosing of these units by the shell which is called the exterior. 2. VISIBLE STRUCTURE. By enclosing space, volume or mass is created. If this space has.no relation to the activities of man, there exist only the simple geometric forms of the cube, the pyramid or the sphere. If the surfaces of these volumes and the enclosed interiors are treated so that the forms are related to human needs, then they may be regarded as architecture. COMPONENTS FORM – the point of contact between mass and space. Architectural forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, color, all combine to inject a quality or spirit that articulates space.  Visual Properties of Forms SHAPE SIZE COLOR A phenomenon of light Shape is the and visual perception The physical principal aspect by that may be described dimensions of which we identify in terms of an length, width and individual’s perception and categories depth of form of hue, saturation, and forms. tonal value  Visual Properties of Forms TEXTURE POSITION ORIENTATION VISUAL INERTIA the visual and the location of a the direction of a the visual inertia of especially tactile form relative to form relative to the a form depends on quality given to a ground p-lane, the its geometry as well its environment surface by the size, compass point, as its orientation shape, arrangement or the visual filed other forms, or to relative to the and proportions of within which it is the person viewing ground plane and the parts. seen. the form. our line of sight  Thanks! 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