Acute Bronchitis & Bronchial Asthma PDF

Acute Bronchitis & Bronchial Asthma Prof. Dr. Magdy Farrag  I- Acute Bronchitis (‫)االلتهاب الشعبي‬ -Acute inflammation of the trachea & bronchi -Usually, viral infection then superimposed by bacteria  Clinically: -Patient has a fever & dry cough in the beginning, later on...

Acute Bronchitis & Bronchial Asthma Prof. Dr. Magdy Farrag  I- Acute Bronchitis (‫)االلتهاب الشعبي‬ -Acute inflammation of the trachea & bronchi -Usually, viral infection then superimposed by bacteria  Clinically: -Patient has a fever & dry cough in the beginning, later on, it becomes a wet cough due to bacterial infection. -The chest has scattered wheezes (sibilant) together with mild dyspnea.  Treatment: Bed rest, antipyretic mucolytic (‫)حاجة تدوب البلغم‬, antibiotic and may be expectorant (‫)دوا كحة‬  II- Bronchial asthma (‫ الربو الشعبي‬,‫)حساسية الصدر‬ -Autoimmune disease characterized by attacks of dyspnea and wheezy chest lasting for a few minutes then relieved  Types of bronchial asthma 1. Extrinsic asthma -In children due to external allergens inhaled or ingested (e.g. pollen, pet hair, egg yolk, chocolate and strawberry) -It improves with age -Can be treated if we discover the allergen  2. Intrinsic asthma -Usually in adults, no known cause -Associated with nasal allergy -Usually proceed to emphysema & chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Other types of asthma  Exercise-induced asthma  Aspirin-induced asthma  If the attack of asthma doesn’t stop and lasts for a long time, it’s called “status asthmaticus” and needs hospitalization and may need artificial ventilation.  Symptoms & signs of bronchial asthma -Attacks of dyspnea and wheezy chest with dry cough then expectoration of white frothy sputum.  On examination: -Wheezy chest (sibilant wheezing) -Tachypnea -Distress  Management of bronchial asthma A. Investigation  P. chest X-ray  Sputum examination  CBC  Skin test for allergens  Total & specific serum Ig E. B. Treatment  Avoid allergens if known  Avoid precipitants (e.g. dust, cold, fur and smoking)  During attacks: -We give bronchodilators inhalation or IV slowly ± steroid inhalation or IV. -We may add antibiotics, mucolytics & common bronchodilators (salbutamol, aminophylline).  In-between attacks: We give mast cell stabilizers and oral bronchodilators.  Treatment of status asthmaticus  Hospitalization  O2 inhalation  Steroids IV  May be ventilators