Brief History Of Philosophy PDF
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This document provides a brief overview of the history of philosophy, specifically focusing on Western thought. It covers key figures such as Thales, Pythagoras, and Socrates, and their ideas about the nature of reality and the human experience. It includes a breakdown of different periods including ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary thought.
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Brief History of philosophy Periods in Western Philosophy COSMO-CENTRIC THALES, PYTHAGORAS, SOCRATIC ANCIENT (600-300AD PHILOSPHERS.ETC... ST. ANSELM, AQUINAS, ST....
Brief History of philosophy Periods in Western Philosophy COSMO-CENTRIC THALES, PYTHAGORAS, SOCRATIC ANCIENT (600-300AD PHILOSPHERS.ETC... ST. ANSELM, AQUINAS, ST. MEDIEVAL (300-1400AD) THEO-CENTRIC AUGUSTINE..ETC. ANTHROPO- RENE DESCARTES, JOHN LOCKE, MODERN (1500-1800AD KARL MARX...ETC. CENTRIC CONTEMPORARY ANALYTIC LEO TOLSTOY, FRIEDRICH PHILOSOPHY NIETZSCHE, EDMUND (1900-PRESENT) HUSSERL...ETC. ( LANGUGE, NAT.SCIENCES) FREE FALL ANCIENT Philosophy Pre- Thales, Pythagoras, Socratic Anaximander...etc. Socrates, Aristotle, ANCIENT Socratic Plato Stoicism (Zeno), Hellenistic Cynicism, Epicureanism..etc. The Ancient greece The Ancient greece Ancient Greece ✣ As Greece is a mountainous and rather barren country, its inhabitants have been forced to seek new lands that would offer them work and prosperity. Across the Aegean Sea ✣ In the 6th century BC, it is a winding series of coastal colonies, extending from the coast of Asia Minor to Africa, to Spain and to southern Italy. City of Miletus ✣ Among the Greeks which have contributed greatly to the formation of philosophy are the Ionians, which was spread through Asia Minor, the islands of the Aegean Sea (Ionia), and southern Italy and Sicily. The first 3 Western Philosophers ✣ It is among the colonies of Asia Minor that the story of philosophy begins, in the city of Miletus where the first three Western philosophers were born and lived: ✣ Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes ✣ They sought the PRIMARY SUBSTANCE. Thales(625-545 BC) ✣ Thales is said to have declared the primary substance is water. ✣ He held that the transformation of this fundamental substance is the source of all living things. ✣ The first acclaimed philosopher. He wondered earlier than Pythagoras also a philosopher in 6th century. Anaximander (610-547 BC) ✣ Primary Substance: Boundless, unchanging, undefined. ✣ Man is a being that has evolved from the animals of another species lower than his, in fact from fish. Anaximenes (585-525 BC) ✣ Primary Substance: Air- all matter is composed of air. ✣ Air is central for life- all known living creatures need air to survive. ✣ Air undergoes 2 processes: Condensation and Rarefaction Heraclitus (540-480 BC) “You can not step in the same river twice.” “The only permanent thing in this world is CHANGE.” Heraclitus (540-480 BC) ✣ The world is in a constant change. ✣ The fundamental element of the universe was fire (not water). Pythagoras ✣ Number. All things take up space, and have measure. ✣ The soul is immortal, divine, and is subjected to metempsychosis. ✣ Incarcerated in the body until it gets purified and reunited with the divine. ✣ He coined the “philosophy” Leucippus & Democritus Leucippus & Democritus ✣ The atomist held that all matter is composed of physical atoms. ✣ These atoms are tiny, imperceptible, indestructible, indivisible, eternal and uncreated. ✣ How they combine and interact explain different forms and types of matter. Ancient Philosophy ✣ What is man according to the ancient Greek philosophers? ✣ What do you think is the implication? (values) Ancient philosophy ✣ Greek philosophers understand man in the context of the ✣ world. Man is himself a world. Man is a microcosm
