Brainstem I Lecture Notes PDF

Brainstem I: Cranial Nerves Dr Jittima Muensoongnoen [email protected]  Same but Pictures of the structures different (Online version available through the...

Brainstem I: Cranial Nerves Dr Jittima Muensoongnoen [email protected]  Same but Pictures of the structures different (Online version available through the library) editions Online version available through the library Main books for the brainstem and cortex  Learning Outcomes By the end of the session (and recommended reading) you should be able to: Identify the brainstem and its 3 parts. Identify and describe the major gross morphological features of the brainstem and relate these to the underlying/associated internal structures. Name and identify the cranial nerves, describe their functional components, their nuclei as well as their pathways and target structures/organs.  Questions 1 2 Where is the brainstem? 4 3 5 6 7  Questions 1 = cerebral hemisphere 2 = diencephalon 4 = pons Brainstem: 3 parts 3 = midbrain Midbrain 5 = cerebellum Pons 6 = medulla oblongata Medulla oblongata 7 = spinal cord Brainstem mammillar y body midbrain pons basillar Ventral part medulla Cerebellum Spinal cord  cerebral peduncle *Interpeduncular Major landmarks fossa to help you… * pyramid pons Inferior pontine olive sulcus Ventral ventral  THE CRANIAL NERVES No Name Area of Supply Functional components II I IV Olfactory Nose (smell) III V II Optic Eye (sight) III Oculomotor Extraocular m IV Trochlear Extraocular m V1 Trigeminal Ophthalmic V2 Trigeminal Maxillary V3 Trigeminal Mandibular ctional components ll, RS. 2010 – Chapter 11 Cranial nerve nuclei & their central connections  THE CRANIAL NERVES VI No Name Area of Supply Functional components VII VI VI VIII Abducent Extraocular m VII Facial IX Face m X VIII Vestibulocochlear Inner ear XII IX Glossopharyngeal Tongue/Pharynx XI X Vagus H/N, Thor, Abdo XI Accessory Neck/Lary/Phar XII Hypoglossal Tongue m ctional components ll, RS. 2010 – Chapter 11 Cranial nerve nuclei & their central connections  Cranial Nerve Music Video! UTSWneurology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAFaTaa vmO8 The Classification of Cranial Nerves with the location of their nuclei Cranial nerves More details CN I Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Olfactory nerves (CN I) Nasal cavity Mid-sagittal plane  Mouse olfactor y bulb olfactor CN II y tract www.link.springer.com Olfactory nerve (CN I) – olfaction (sense of smell) Optic nerve (CN II) – vision Extraocular (extrinsic) muscles of the eye Lateral view Superior view Extraocular muscles Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus Lateral rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique  Oculomotor nerve (CN III) CN III Nuclei : Oculomotor /Edinger-Wesphal nuclei (in the midbrain) Oculomotor nucleus elevation of eyelid 4 extraocular muscles except 2 muscles (superior oblique & lateral rectus) Edinger-Wesphal nucleus Pupillary constriction Accommodation (focus of lens) Trochlear nerve (CN IV) CN IV Trochlea = pulley CN VI Trochlear nucleus (in the midbrain) Superior oblique - down & out Abducent nerve (CN VI) Abducent nucleus Lateral rectus - abduct Which nerve? www.pinterest.es Which nerve? www.pinterest.es CN III Trigeminal nerve (CN V): sensory to the face & motor to muscles of mastication CN V Nuclei (extend from the midbrain to the medulla) : mesencephalic nucleus - proprioception main sensory nucleus & spinal nucleus motor nucleus 3 divisions - Ophthalmic division (CNV1) – sensory - Maxillary division (CNV2) – sensory - Mandibular division (CNV3) – sensory and motor (to muscles of mastication (chewing)). mstrust.org.uk  Facial nerve (CN VII) CN VII Nuclei : facial motor nucleus upper part of the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS) superior salivatory nucleus & lacrimal nucleus Functions  motor to muscles of facial expression  taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue  2 salivary glands (submandibular & sublingual), lacrimal gland ,nasal glands and glands in the palate. - parasympathetic  Lacrimal gl nervus intermedius motor root genicula te ganglion stapediu s Taste – ant 2/3 Submandibular gl stylomastoi d foramen Facial expression m skin of externa Sublingual gl l ear (with motor = red, sensory = blue, vagus) parasympathetic = green Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) CN VIII Vestibular nerve conducts nerve impulses concerning the position & movements of the head CN VIII Cochlear nerve hearing  Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Glossus (Gr)= tongue Nuclei Function nucleus ambiguus a pharyngeal m. (swallowing) inferior salivatory nucleus one salivary gland (parotid) NTS taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid sinus (blood pressure) & carotid body (blood composition) spinal nucleus of CN V common sensation ossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Parotid gland Tympani c plexus VI CN IX stylopharyngeus CN X Posterior 1/3 of tongue (general sensation & taste) CN XI Carotid sinus Carotid body  Right vagus Left vagus Vagus nerve (CN X) nerve nerve Vagus = wandering  Vagus nerve (CN X) Nuclei Function nucleus ambiguus muscles of pharynx (swallowing) & muscles of larynx (speech) dorsal nucleus of the vagus involuntary muscles of thoracic & abdominal viscera (e.g. slows heart rate, constricts bronchioles, guts from oesophagus to proximal colon (movement)) NTS visceral sensation & taste from the epiglottis Spinal nucleus of CN V common sensation  Accessory nerve (CN XI) Cranial root – nucleus ambiguus Pons  muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx Medulla Spinal root – spinal nucleus of CN XI in upper cervical cord segments Spinal cord  sternocleidomastoid and trapezius m. http://meds-ebooks.blogspot.com Wikipedia  Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Nucleus: Hypoglossal nucleus muscles of the tongue VI CNXII Cranial nerve? Hypoglossal Questions? www.pinterest.com  Cranial nerves Name the cranial nerve Optic nerve (CN II)  Cranial nerves A C B D Name the cranial nerves  Cranial nerves A - Oculomotor nerve (CN III) C B D Name the cranial nerves  Cranial nerves A - Oculomotor nerve (CN III) C B -Trigeminal nerve (CN V) D Name the cranial nerves  Cranial nerves A - Oculomotor nerve (CN III) C- Abducent nerve (CN VI) B -Trigeminal nerve (CN V) D Name the cranial nerves  Cranial nerves A - Oculomotor nerve (CN III) C- Abducent nerve (CN VI) B -Trigeminal nerve (CN V) D - Facial nerve (CN VII) Name the cranial nerves Function